Term
|
Definition
| a muscular tube connecting it to the stomach |
|
|
Term
| what does the esophagus do? |
|
Definition
actively moves the food down using muscles
ie. peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sac-like portion of tract; can expand |
|
|
Term
| what does the stomach contain? |
|
Definition
| a layer of smooth muscles to mix food with gastric juices |
|
|
Term
| what are the two secretory cells? |
|
Definition
| pariel cells and chief cells |
|
|
Term
| what does the pariel cell do? |
|
Definition
| secretes HCL and intristic factor (helps absorb b12) |
|
|
Term
| what does the chief cell do? |
|
Definition
| secretes pepsinogen, an inactive form of pepsin |
|
|
Term
| what does the low pH of the stomach help with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mixture of food + gastric juices = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what sphincter connects the stomach and small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of teeth do carnivores have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| herbivores have what kind of teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of teeth do humans have? |
|
Definition
| our front teeth are more carnivorous looking where as our back teeth are more herbivorous looking |
|
|
Term
| How does saliva help break down foods? |
|
Definition
| it softens and moistens the food making it easier to digest |
|
|
Term
| what does the salivary amylase breakdown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what system is salivation controlled by? |
|
Definition
nervous system
salivate when food is mentioned, smelled or eaten |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the mouth when go when you are about to swallow food? |
|
Definition
the tongue moves to the back of the mouth
soft palate seals off nasal cavity
the larynx elevates pushing the glottis into the epiglottis blocking the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| birds lack teeth so what do they have instead? |
|
Definition
they have a two chambered stomach
gizzards break down and ingests/destroys rocks and pebbles |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the gastrointestinal tract? |
|
Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the epithelium that lines the interior of the tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the double layer smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the epithelium layer that covers the outside of the tract |
|
|
Term
| what does the digestive consist of? |
|
Definition
| tubular gastrointestinal tact and accessary organs |
|
|
Term
| what are the accessory organs? |
|
Definition
| liver, pancreas, gallbadder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the gallbladder do? |
|
Definition
| stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver |
|
|
Term
| what does the pancreas do? |
|
Definition
| makes pancreatic juice and bicarbonate buffers |
|
|
Term
| what path does food travel down in order to be digested? |
|
Definition
| mouth/pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pyloric sphincter, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entry/start of the digestive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivers food to the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most important
absorption of the foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of organisms digest foods intercellularly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of digestive system do flatworms and cnidarians have? |
|
Definition
| they have a gastrovascular cavity, where it has one opening for waste/and entry of food |
|
|
Term
| when does specialization of the digestive system start? |
|
Definition
| when the mouth and anus separate holes |
|
|
Term
| what does the small intestine consist of |
|
Definition
| duodeum, jejunum, and ileum |
|
|
Term
| what are the epithelial walls covered in |
|
Definition
| villi, and therefore covered in microvilli as well |
|
|
Term
| what is secreted through duodenum from the pancreatic duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the host of enzymes |
|
Definition
trypin
chymotrypin
pancreatic amylase
lipase |
|
|
Term
| Amino acids and monosaccarides are transported through ____________ to _________ |
|
Definition
| epithelial cells to blood |
|
|
Term
| where does the blood transport the amino acid and monosaccarides to? |
|
Definition
| blood carries these products to the liver to the hepatic veins |
|
|
Term
| fatty acids and monoglycerides diffuse into what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epithelial cells reassemble into what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the large intestine absorb |
|
Definition
| water, leftover electrolytes and vita k |
|
|
Term
| what is the main function of the large intestine |
|
Definition
| to compact and concentrate materials |
|
|
Term
| what cavity to vertebrate's have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the reproductive, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts join |
|
|
Term
| protists that convert ___ into substances the host can absorb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the four chambers of the stomach of a ruminant |
|
Definition
rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum |
|
|
Term
| what does the cellulose in rumen do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do animals digest cellulose |
|
Definition
cecum
regurgitation not possible
but coprophagy(eating your poop to reabsorb nutrients) is |
|
|
Term
| what systems are gastrointestinal activities coordinated by |
|
Definition
| nervous and endocrine system |
|
|
Term
| in the stomach what is released when proteins are stimulated |
|
Definition
gastrin
triggers the secretion of HCL and pepsinogen from gastric glands |
|
|
Term
| what stops stomach contractions, prevents extra chyme from entering the duodeum |
|
Definition
duodenal hormones (enterogastrones)
cholecystokinin, secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide |
|
|
Term
| What stimulates gallbladder contractions and secretion of pancreatic enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates the secretion of pancreas' bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chemically modifies substances before it reaches the rest of the body.
making things less toxic, regulate the steroid levels and produce the protein found in plasma |
|
|
Term
| what increases after you a meal? |
|
Definition
| your insulin level increases, promoting the deposition of glycogen and fat |
|
|
Term
| what happens when you are fasting or are exercising? |
|
Definition
you have a increase secretion of glucagon (glycogenolysis)
|
|
|
Term
| what happens even after glycogenolysis |
|
Definition
| the liver will start converting other things into glucose (gluconeogenesis) |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of eating? |
|
Definition
1) for energy
2) source of raw materials |
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