Term
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Definition
| sex (gamete) cell production |
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Term
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Definition
| when sperm and egg meet, this cell forms |
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Term
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Definition
| going from the 2N # to the N# |
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Term
| follicle stimulating hormone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
i. DNA- chromosomes (homologous chromosomes)
ii. Nuclear Membrane falls
iii. Rise of the spindle apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
i. Homologous chromosomes line up in center of the cell
ii. Crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
i. Homologous chromosomes segregate and move to opposite ends
ii. **Segregate NOT separate |
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Term
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Definition
i. Fall of the spindle apparatus
ii. Nuclear membrane reforms
iii. DNA –
1. in females it diffuses into chromatin
2. In males partial |
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Term
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Definition
interphase
prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1
cytokenisis
(starts over again, but without interphase the 2nd time)
Prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2 |
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Term
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Definition
i. Females DNA condenses into chromosomes (no longer homologous chromosomes)
ii. Loss of the nuclear membrane
iii. Rise of the spindle apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| i.Chromosomes SEPARATE at the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
i. Fall of Spindle Apparatus
ii. Nuclear Membrane’s reform
iii. DNA diffuse into chromatin
iv. Cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 COMPLIMENTARY OPPOSITE STRANDS OF DNA WRAPPED TOGETHER |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 STRANDS OF DNA ARE HELD TOGETHER BY THIS, BETWEEN BASE GROUPS |
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Term
| INDIVIDUAL STRANDS HELD TOGETHER BY THIS |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA MOLECULES IS COMPOSED OF NUCLEOTIDE MONOMERS JOINED TOGETHER |
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Definition
i. Base- sugar –PO4 groups
ii. Purines- 2 rings
iii. Pyrimidine- single |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SEQUENCE OF 3 BASES IN AN mRNA STRAND THAT CODES FOR AN AMINO ACID, OR ACTS AS A START OR STOP SIGNAL FOR TRANSLATION |
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Term
| PROKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE WHAT TYPE OF DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE WHAT TYPE OF DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS DURING DNA REPLICATION? |
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Definition
a. Two strands are going to separate—DNA Helicase- uncoils and opens the strands
i. What you want to copy is the sequence of the base groups
ii. Base groups are vulnerable to damage
b. Start copying process—
i. Enzyme comes down and lays down a primer
ii. RNA primer—laid down by primace
c. Semi- Conservative Replication
i. DNA polymerase comes in and continues to go until it is done—binds to the primer enzyme
ii. Backsides have to wait for a primer to be laid down and a polymerase to come in a pick up the lagging
iii. Okazaki fragments—reason for s-phase takes so long
d. Another polymerase comes in and does:
i. Removes the RNA
ii. It synthesizes DNA in its place
iii. DNA ligates join the strands |
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Term
| PURINE BONDS TO __________? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a. Purine bonds to a purine
b. Polymerase cannot run down the chain
c. Identification and excization (cutting out the damage)
d. Endonucleases- cuts DNA—restrictions enzymes
e. Another polymerase comes in and fills in the error
i. Polymerases are the only things that can make DNA**
f. Un-joined—ligases going to come in and join—complete the repair process |
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Term
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Definition
| special end of chromosomes that’s shortened each time DNA gets replicated |
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Term
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Definition
| a special section on DNA that’s information on how to make a protein and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| BINDS PROMOTER, AND TURNS IT ON |
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Term
| TWO PROCESSES OF MAKING A PROTEIN. |
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Definition
| TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION |
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Term
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Definition
creating a copy of DNA
i. In eukaryotic cells
ii. Happens in the nucleus
iii. After a gene is promotes
iv. Make a copy of gene
v. Messenger RNA- the copy of the gene |
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Term
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Definition
translating a copy into a protein
i. Takes place outside nucleus
ii. In the cytoplasm
iii. In eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| HOW DO WE TURN A GENE ON BUT NOT TURN ON THE OTHERS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER? |
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Definition
| i. When glucose binds a cell it changes the cell, which then turns on the gene in the glucose transporter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses. In chemical terms, RNAP is a nucleotidyl transferase that polymerizes ribonucleotide at the 3' end of an RNA transcript. |
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