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FOUR PRECEPTS TO SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT
1.Avoid predjudice and doubt the truth
2. Divide problem into manageable parts
3.Construct solution in ascending order of simplicity.
4.Review to assure completeness and avoid omission. |
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| Theory of relativity referred to the black box which refers to electromagnetic fields. |
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| The variable in an experiment we do not want to change, scientist wants these to remain constant throughout experiment for accuracy and fairness. |
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| the variable that is changed by the scientist to conduct the experiment |
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| things that can change or be changed in an experiment |
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| the variable or change the scientist observes, it is the response from change in the independent variable |
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disproved spontaneous generation theory.
The decayed flesh and flies in a jar experiment.. trying to prove that maggots were not produced by decaying flesh. |
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| The thought that living things come from nothing/non living matter |
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| Ordered biological structure |
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| DNA or RNA structures and characteristics |
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| Energy utilization or Metabolism |
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| All the chemical processes that take place in the body. Take in energy and use it to perform many kinds of work. |
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| Regulation or Homeostasis |
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| Temperature- All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that differ from their environment |
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| Fundamental process of all life. Biological process to produce offspring. |
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USUALLY REFERS TO VIRUSES
Process in which life forms arise from similar life forms. |
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| organisms interact with other organisms and non living things in ways that influence their survival, overtime populations evolve adaptations to their environment for survival. |
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| ORGANIZATION OF LIFE **CELLULAR LEVEL |
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1.subatomic particles(protons,neutrons,electrons)
2.Atoms (smallest unit of an element)
3.Molecules (2 or more atoms bonded together)
4.organelles- (small cytoplasmic organ, complex molecules in cells)
5.Cells- (smallest unit of life) |
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| organization of life **ORGANISMAL LEVEL |
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1.TISSUES (group of CELLS with a common function.
2.ORGANS (groups of TISSUES with a common function)
3.ORGAN SYSTEM (group of ORGANS with common function)
4.ORGANISM (everything put together, can be single or multi cellular,any living system or living thing) |
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Organization of Life
**POPULATIONAL LEVEL** |
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1.Species (group of organisms similar in appearance that are capable of breeding and producing FERTILE offspring)
2. Populations (group of same SPECIES of same geographic area)
3. Community (group of POPULATIONS in same geographic area)
4. Ecosystem (group of organisms and its non living environment)
5. Biosphere (everywhere life exists, the entire planet) |
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Kingdom Bacteria
Kingdom Archaea
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia |
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ALL members of bacteria and archea-
single celled
no nucleus
produce through binary fission |
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ALL members of bacteria and archea-
single celled
no nucleus
produce through binary fission |
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| NAME SOME PROTISTS and characteristics |
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slime molds
algae
protozoans
**single or multi celled
polysaccahride cell walls or no walls
complex cells and organisms
*seaweed is the ONLY multicelled protist |
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| NAME SOME FROM FUNGI/LICHEN KINGDOM (list characteristics) |
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Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
***rarely single celled (only yeast)
chitin cell walls
mostly multi celled
Deuteromycota |
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| Describe Kingdom Plantae characteristics and some examples |
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Multi celled
cellulose cell walls
produces and occasional consumers
Examples: non vascular plants,vascular plants, seedless plants, seed plants,and angiosperms |
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| Characteristics and examples of Kingdom Animalia |
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multi celled
NO cell walls
Consumers only
EXAMPLES:Invertebrates, vertebrates, chordates, fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals. |
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| what is a gymnosperm/polycotyledon? |
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-flowers absent
-seeds produced in cone
-naked seeds |
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*has coated or covered leaf
*flowers present
*seeds produced in fruit
*coated seeds |
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| Characteristics of chordates: |
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*Hollow dorsal nerve cord
*Dorsal cartilaginous rod called a "notochord"
*there are vertebrate and inverterbrate chordates
*pharyngeal slits
*post-anal tail |
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| discovered compound microscope |
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| first to see bacteria under microscope |
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| famous for single lens microscope, had a shutter to cut out extra light |
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| Light microscope magnifies up to |
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| coined the word nucleus and noticed Brownian movcement |
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| Johann Friedrich Miescher |
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| FOUND NUCLEUN....FOUND DNA IN PUSS AND SPERM |
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| tRANsmission electron microscope magnifies up to |
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| scanning electron microscope magnifies up to |
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| Matthias Schleiden stated... |
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| "cells are the srtuctural units of all plants" |
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Theodore Schwann stated
he discovered 2 aspects |
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"all animals are made of cells
#1 discovered nucleus
#2 cells are basic unit of life |
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| "cells come from other cells" |
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| membrane bound organelles are made of... |
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| prokaryotic cells are in what domains? |
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| A dna MOLECULE THAT IS SEPERATE FROM THE CHROMOSOMAL DNA...CAPABLE OF INDEPENDENTLY REPLICATING |
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| animalia and some protists (protozoa) |
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| has cell wall of cellulose and chitin |
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| fungi, plants, some protists |
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| Eukaryotes have internal protein scaffold called_______ |
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| main component of all cell walls |
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| only group with extracellular matrix |
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| what are the glycoproteins (3 of them) |
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collagen
proteoglycans
fibronectins |
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