Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the cause of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Colonization of the body by pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally |
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Term
Normal Microbiota
Human eye - conjunctiva |
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Definition
| Staph; Streptococci;Coagulase-neg Staph; Haemophilus spp |
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Term
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Definition
| Viridians Strep;Coagulase-neg Staph; Nesseria spp.; Haemophilus spp |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Stomach) |
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Definition
| Staph; Strep;Lactobacillus;Peptostrep |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Large intestine) |
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Definition
| Staph; Fusobac spp;Klesiella; Escherichia coli |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Urethra) |
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Definition
| Myco spp; Coagulase-neg staph; Peptostrep;Diphtheroids |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Outer ear) |
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Definition
| Pseudomonas spp; Enterobac; Diphtheroids; |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Mouth and Oropharynx) |
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Definition
| Viridians Strep; Fusobac spp; Actinomyces spp; Candida spp |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (small intestine) |
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Definition
| Clostridium spp; Entero;Lacto Myco spp |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (Vagina) |
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Definition
| Candida spp; Garnerella vaginulis; Bacteriodes spp; Lacto spp |
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Term
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Definition
| Malassezia furfur; Bacillus spp; Staph Au; Candida |
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Term
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Definition
1) Normally, no microbiota
2) Action of ciliated epithelial cells
3) Alveolar macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria present;
Streptococcus ;
Neisseria ;
Actinomyces ;
Veillonella ;
Lactobacillus ; Some yeasts |
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Term
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Definition
Low microbial content (<10/g)
due to acid (pH2-3) |
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Term
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Definition
High microbial content (1012/g)
Many anaerobes
Many facultative anaerobes (Escherichia) |
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Term
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Definition
1) Upper regions (kidneys, ureters, and
urinary bladder) are usually free of
microbes
2) A few bacteria present in distal portion of urethra
3) Adult female genital tract has complex microbiota
4) Plays a significant role in health --
Lactobacillus acidophilus (Doderleins
bacilli) keep pH of vagina low |
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Term
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Definition
are used to prove the cause of an infectious disease.
It must be isolated from the host and
grown in pure culture.
It must reproduce the original disease
when introduced into a susceptible host.
It must be found in the experimental
host so infected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that is easily spread from one host to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during specific time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease that occurs occasionally in a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease constantly present in a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity in most of a population. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms between acute and chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease with a period of no symptoms when the patient is inactive |
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Term
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Definition
capable of causing disease in healthy
persons with normal immune defenses |
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Term
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Definition
cause disease when the host’s defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them.
ex P. sp & candida albicans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acute infection that causes the initial illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection |
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Term
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Definition
| No noticeable signs or symptoms inapparent infection) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathogens limited to a small area of the body |
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Term
| Systemic infection (Host) |
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Definition
| An infection throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Systemic infection that began as a local infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of bacteria in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a departure from the normal state of health due to the presence or growth of a microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
| a parasite that causes disease |
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Term
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Definition
the ability to cause disease
Low virulence - common cold
High Virulence -rabies |
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Term
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Definition
ability of the pathogen to spread to
adjacent or other tissues |
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Term
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Definition
the ability of an organism to establish
a focal point of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| is the pathogens ability to produce toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Lethal dose 50 or infective dose 50 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed
-microbes with small IDs have greater virulence
1 rickettsial cell in Q fever
10 bacteria in TB, giardiasis
10 to 9 bacteria in cholera
- Lack of ID will not result in
infection |
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Term
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Definition
Skin
GI tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract |
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Term
| Contact Transmission of Disease |
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Definition
Direct (close assoc)
Indirect (by fomites)
Droplet (via airborne) |
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Term
| Vehicle (Transmission of Disease) |
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Definition
Transmission by an inanimate reservoir
(food, water) |
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Term
| Vector (Transmission of Disease) |
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Definition
Arthropods, especially fleas, ticks, and
mosquitoes |
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Term
| Mechanical (Transmission of Disease) |
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Definition
| Arthropod carries pathogen on feet |
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Term
| Biological (Transmission of Disease) |
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Definition
| Pathogen reproduces in vector |
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Term
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Definition
| are the infections acquired during hospital stay |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common, about 34% of all nosocomial inf. related to urinary catheterization |
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Term
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Definition
| Least common but have high rate in newborns |
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Term
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Definition
| incidence of a specific notifiable disease |
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Term
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Definition
| deaths from notifiable diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| number of people affected/total population in a given time period |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths from a disease/total population in a given time |
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Term
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Definition
| Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population |
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Term
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Definition
Infectious dose for 50% of the test
population |
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Term
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Definition
fimbrae, flagella, adhesive slimes or capsules
Cilia, Suckers, Hooks ,barbs
Nonspecific adhesion due to hydrophilic
interactions, |
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Term
| exoenzymes (virulence factor) |
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Definition
| digest epithelial tissues & permit invasion of pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid A of LPS of gramnegative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins secreted by grampositive and gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| help bacteria to kill or avoid phagocytes, include leukocidins and capsules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Take iron from host iron- binding proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that contribute to pathogenicity |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to produce a toxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of toxin in the host's blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies against a specific toxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Superantigens Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells |
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Term
Membrane-disrupting toxins
or type II toxins |
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Definition
Lyse host’s cells by:
• Making protein channels in the
plasma membrane (e.g.,
leukocidins, hemolysins) |
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Term
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Definition
Resp tract
-coughing, sneezing
GI tract
-feces, saliva
Genitourinary tract
-urine, vaginal secretions
Skin
Blooc
-biting arthropods, needles/syringes |
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Term
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Definition
| microbes enters body & remains confined to a specific tissue |
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Term
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Definition
infection
spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
when
infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| are part of the outer potion of the cell wall (lipd A) of gram - bacteria. They are liberated when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks apart. |
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