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Primate Phylogeny
Primate Phylogeny Quiz
23
Anthropology
Undergraduate 4
10/14/2009

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Term
Euprimates (Primitive Primate Features)
Definition
Postorbital Bar,
Forward Orbits,
Tapetum Lucidum,
Long noses with a moist rhinarium,
2-1-4-3
Spatulate Incisors.
Term
Strepsirhini (Lemuriformes, lorisidae) Features
Definition
Wet rhinarium,
Long Nose,
Tapetum lucidum,
2-1-3-3 dentition (in most)
Tooth comb
Toilet claw on 2nd digit
Term
Strepsirhini Groups
Definition
Cheirogaleids (mouse lemurs)
Galagids, (Galagos)
Lorisidae, (lorises)
Lemurids
Indriids
Lepilemurids
Daubentoniids (aye-aye)
Term
Cheirogaleids/Cheirogaleidae Madagascar
Definition
Mouse Lemurs
2-1-3-3 Dentition
NO paraconid
Upper molars 3 cusps = no hypocone
Mouse lemurs, dwarf lemurs
Term
Galagids/Galagidae Africa
Definition
Galagos
loss of paraconids
M1 and M2 have hypocones
Bushbabies
Term
Lorisids/Lorisidae Asia and Africa
Definition
Lorises
Loss of paraconids
Hypocones present
Loss of tails (or very diminished)
Lorises (Asia) and Pottos/Angwantibo (Africa)
Term
Lemurids/Lemuridae Madagascar
Definition
Lemurs
2-1-3-3 Dentition
loss of paraconids
Has protocristid (crest between proto and metaconid)
Molar 3 is reduced (top and bottom)
Lemurs, catta, ruffed, bamboo
Term
Indriids/indriidae madagascar
Definition
2-1-2-3/1-1-2-3 Dentition
Upper premolars blade like
4 teeth in tooth comb = loss of 2 incisors
hypocones
LARGE CRESTY MOLARS
Indris, sifakas, wooly lemur
Term
Lepilemurids madagascar
Definition
Loss of upper incisors
Nocturnal
Term
Daubentoniids/Daubentoniidae Madagascar
Definition
1-0-1-3/1-0-0-3
Rodent like incisors with large diastema
peg like tiny molars
NO tooth comb
shortened nose
Aye Aye
Term
Haplorhini Characteristics
Definition
Dry shortened noses
Larger brains than strepsirhines
Term
Haplorhini Groups
Definition
Tarsiids,
Anthropoidea
Platyrrhini (New world)
Catarrhini (Old world)
Callitrichidae
Cebidae
Atelidae
Pithecines
cercopithecidae
Hominoidea
Hylobatidae
Pongidae
Term
Tarsiids/Tarsiidae SE asia
Definition
Tarsiers
VERY large orbits
nocturnal but loss of tapetum lucidum
reduced snout
2-1-3-3/ 1-1-3-3 dentition
NO tooth comb
hypoconulid on lower M3
toilet claw on digits 2 and 3
HIGH TOOTH CRESTS
Tarsier
Term
Anthropoidea
Definition
2-1-3-3 or 2-1-2-3
Spatulate incisors
Canines large and tall
Quadrate molars Hypocone and Hypoconid
Increase in grinding and crushing surfaces decrease in shearing and puncturing (fruits and nuts)
Fused frontal and symphysis
short nose-reduced turbinates
Term
Platyrrhini (Ceboidea)
Definition
New World monkeys
Broad nose
2-1-3-3 (callitrichids 2-1-3-2)
lack hypoconulids
Includes (Callitrichidae, cebidae, Atelidae)
Term
Callitrichidae South America
Definition
Small bodies
Short snout, long brain case
Claw like nails
NON OPPOSABLE THUMB
mesostyles common
marmosets, tamarins, goeldis monkeys
Term
Cebidae South America
Definition
2-1-3-3
hypocones
spatulate incisors
Squirrel monkey, capuchin, owl monkey, titi monkey
Term
Atelidae South America
Atelinae South America
Definition
Prehensile tails
saki monkey, uakari
Atelinae: Howling monkey, spider monkey, wooly monkey
Term
Catarrhini (Cercopithecidae)
Definition
Old world Anthropoids
Cercopithidae
Hominoidea
Hylobatidae
Pongidae
Term
Cercopithidae
Cercopithinae
Definition
2-1-2-3
Lower M3 hypoconulids
Canines large sexually dimorphic
High molar relief-bilophodonty
elongate molars and premolars
Cercopithecines
Broad incisors, thin enamel labial side
M3 hypoconulids
Colobines
sacculates stomachs
Narrow incisors thick enamel
HIGH MOLAR RELIEF (folivory)
no thumbs
Cercopithecinae: Guenons, Patas monkey, mangabey, macaques, baboons, geladas, mandrills. Africa except macaque who is also in Asia
Colobinae: Colobus monkey, langurs, proboscis monkey, golden snub nosed monkey,lutungs. Colobines all in Asia except for colobus monkey in Africa
Term
Hominoidea
Definition
2-1-2-3 dentition
broad upper incisors
Y-5 hypoconulid
low molar cusps
tail loss
Term
Hylobatidae SE Asia
Definition
Ischial callosities
short snout
Y-5 hypoconulid
hypocones
Gibbon
Term
Pongidae Africa
Definition
Pongo: Very large body,
Gorilla: Very large body, High molar crests, Sagittal crest,knuckle walking.
Pan: Moderate body size, very small molars relative to body size, Large central incisors, knuckle walking
Pongo: orangutan
Gorilla: Gorilla
Pan: Chimpanzee
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