to reduce microbial load

reduce aerosols during handpiece use

rinse and refresh

-chlorhexidine

-listerine

use of waterpick or other appliance that uses liquid under pressure

a pulsating stream is more effective than solid stream

restorative or ortho work

patients wired shut after surgury

removes free floating biofilm

only irrigates 3mm

reduces proinflammatory cytokines

right angles not at JE

only for patients with good dexterity

isontonic sodium chloride

1/2 teaspoon to 8 ounces of water

water

alcohol too 15-30% (it dries)

then flavor

color

sweetening agent non cariogenic

cleansing agents

-effective in debridement

-antimicrobial as long as oxygen is released

-hydrogen peroxide

-sodium perborate

-urea peroxide

-carbamine peroxide

sponginess

black hairy tongue

sensitive roots

demineralization

shrink tissues/cause demineralization

used during impressions

zinc chloride, zinc acetate, tannic acetic

alleviate pain

phenol derivatives

reduce acidity

relieve sore soft tissue

active ingredients: sodium borate, sodium bicarbonate

nuetralize odors

decrease halitosis

ingredient: chlorophyl

decrease inflammation

reduce spread of oral pathogens

reduce oral mo 

inhibit bacterial activity

active ingredients are Chlorhexidine, iodine, flouride, phenol, listerine

deposits flouride

cariostatic inhibits demineralization and enhances remineralization

bactericidal (cell wall) gram + and gram -

substantivity-adsorbed to teeth and pellicle and released slowly

used preprocedurally

inhibits gingivitis

decrease plaque

disinfectant

nug/anug

suppresses S. mutans

-temporary loss of taste

-bitter taste

-burning mucusa

-dry or soreness of mucosa

-epithelial desquamation

-discoloration of teeth, tongue, restorations

-increase calculus

-thymol

-eucalyptol

-menthol

-methylsaclicylate

-listerine

all get ADA seal

-disrupts the bacterial cell wall and inhibits bacterial enzyme production

bacteriostatic

can be used as irrigant

periostat, arestin

ex) cetylpyridinium chloride

not as effective as chlorhexidine

ruptures cell walls and alters cytoplasm of bacteria

viadent toothpast and mouthwash

alkaloid extract fro bloodroot plant 

no benefits if used alone, but with used together decreases plaque and gingivitis

detergent

cleaning/polishing (abrasive)

humectant

binder

flavor

water

theraputic agent

preservative, sweetener, color

1-2%foaming agents

low surface tension

loosens debris

must be nontoxic, nuetral 

sodium laural sulfate, sodium n laural sarcosinate

20-40%

no damage to tooth

calcium carbonate, silica

prevent separation

stable nontoxic

alginates organic colloids

20-40%

retain moisture and prevent hardening

stable nontoxic

glycerin, sorbitol

less than 1% 

prevents bacterial growth, 

prolongs shelf life

compatible with other ingredients

alcohols, benzoates, formaldehyde

stiff toothbrush

force or pressure while brushing

concentration of dentrifice

exposure of cementum/dentin

mild abrasives

removes surface stain

antimicrobial in colgate toothpaste

used in soaps and anitperspirants

can cause sensitivity and sloughing

flourides

potassium nitrate

baking soda and hydrogen perixide as dentrifice and salt solution irrigation

phase microscope and tetracyline used

caries prevention

sensitivity reduction

calculus reduction

biofilm formation reduction

gingivitis reduction

tooth whitening