Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Preventative medicine
PM midterm
37
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
03/03/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Preventive Medicine

Definition
Discipline of medicine which deals with the accumulation & distribution of knowledge that advocates health promotion & disease prevention
Term
Role of Preventive Medicine
Definition
  1. ID & evaluate pts lifestyle practices & behaviors that contribute to their inc. risk of dz, morbidity, & mortality
  2. Provide educational guidelines to improve our pts health & well being
Term
Examples of Lifestyle Factors
Definition
  • Dietary habits
  • Smoking/Tobacco use
  • Exercise
  • Substance abuse
  • Occupational hazards
  • Stressors
  • Family Life
Term
Advantages to Preventive Medicine
Definition
  1. Inc. lifespan for individual
  2. Inc. quality of life for individual, family, society
  3. Inc. productivity for individual, family, society
Term
Risk Factor
Definition
Any behavioral, genetic, environmental or psychological component(s) that predispose an individual to the development of dz
Term
Health
Definition
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Term
Successful Adaptation
Definition
ability of an organism to respond effectively to the psychological, and environmental challenges of its surroundings
Term
Eustress (good stress)
Definition
Challenges which have a positive affect on an organisms physiological, psychological and environmental well being
Term
Distress
Definition
Challenges which have a negative affect on the organisms physiological, psychological and environmental well-being
Term
Allostatic load
Definition
  • On-going level of demand for adaptation in an individual
This is a major contributor to many chronic dz
 
High allostatic load= high distress
Term

Satisfactory Functioning

(self assessment)

Definition
Ability of individual to function in a manner acceptable to him/herself and to the group of which  s/he is a part of (at work, home, etc.)
Term
Physical Respones to stress
Definition
  • Secretion of Catecholamines
  • Inc. secretion of Cortisol
Term
Secretion of Catecholamines
Definition
  • inc. BP
  • inc. vasoconstriction
  • inc. HR
  • inc. O2 demand
  • Inc. risk for CVA, MI, CAD
Term
Inc. secretion of Cortisol
Definition
  • Inc. glucose level in blood
  • Inc. lipolysis
  • Inc. incidence of cataracts
  • Dec. Ab production and impairs phagocytic performance
  • Dec. calcium absorption from GI tract
  • Inc. risk for DM, muscle atrophy, osteopenia, vision problems, infection
Term
Life expectancy
Definition

-A measure of health status

 

  • Avg number of years of life remaining at a given age
Women: 83; Men: 79
Term

Natural History of Disease

 

-Disease & illness must be viewed as a dynamic process

Definition

Examples:

  • Infectious cause: why causitive org. was present, why pt was exposed to org, why pt was not resistant to org.
  • Non-infectious cause: risk factors & conditions which modify the risk factor(s)
Term
**INDIAN TOTEM PI**
Definition
  • Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Degenerative, Ischemic, Allergic, Nutritive
  • Toxic, Obstructive, The family tree, Electrical/mechanical, Metabolic
  • Psychogenic, Iatrogenic/Idiopathic
Term

Levels of Prevention

 

Primary Prevention

Definition
  • Keeps dz process from becoming established by eliminating causes of dz or inc. resistance to them (not letting dz process even happen)
Ex: vaccines, protective equip
-Uses health promotion & specific protection practices
Term

Levels of Prevention

 

Secondary Prevention

Definition
  • Interrupts dz process before it becomes symptomatic (screening)
Ex: pap smears, lipid profiles, breast exams
-Uses presymptomatic dx & tx
Term

Levels of Prevention

 

Tertiary Prevention

Definition
  • Limits physical & social consequences of symptomatic dz (treatment)
Ex: BP meds, hypoglycemic agents, behavior modification, rehabilitative modalities
-Limits extent of disability, rehabs late symptomatic dz
-Contains dz from getting worse & progressing
Term

4 Basic Strategies for HPDP

 

 

Definition
  1. Understand your pts culture
  2. Understand your pts habits
  3. Learn what motivates your pt
  4. Be clear about your goals & directives, be patient with your pt and REWARD YOUR PT FOR POSITIVE ADVANCEMENTS
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
  • Fundamental medical science that focuses on distribution & determinants of disease frequency in human populations
  • Examination of patterns of illness in a population & determination of why certain groups develop a particular dz and others do not
Term
Epidemic
Definition
A sudden & great inc. in the occurence of a disease within a population (small area)
Term
Pandemic
Definition
A rapidly emerging outbreak of dz that affects a wide range of geographically distributed populations (large area)
Term
Surveillance
Definition
Monitoring the patterns of occurrence of a dz within a population
Term
Incidence rate
Definition
Measurement of the rapidity of disease occurence
Term
Risk Factors (related to epidemiology)
Definition
Determinants of disease development, result in better understanding of pathways leading to dz acquisition and strategies for prevention
Term
Risk
Definition
likelihood of developing disease
Term
Case fatality
Definition
Percentage of pts with a dz who die within a specified observation period
Term
Prognostic Factors
Definition
Characteristics that relate to the likelihood of survival
Term
Specificity
Definition
  • Probability that a person who actually does not have the dz of interest will have a negative (normal) result
A test w/ a very low percentage of false-positive results is said to have a high specificity
Term
Sensitivity
Definition
  1. Probability that a person who actually has the dz of interest will have a positive (normal) test result
A test with a very low percentage of false-negative results is described as having high sensitivity
Term

Examples of Importance of Epidemiology

 

What term best describes the likelihood over ten years that an initially uninfected person will develop HTN?

Definition
Risk
Term

Examples of Importance of Epidemiology

 

What is the descriptor of the percentage of patients with an acute MI who dies within 10years of their initial dx?

Definition
Case Fatality
Term

Examples of Importance of Epidemiology

 

What is the best descriptor of the percentage of persons with an acute MI who are classified correctly by a diagnostic test, such as cardiac troponin T assay?

Definition
Sensitivity
Term

Examples of Importance of Epidemiology

 

What is the best descriptor of the percentage of persons unaffected by an acute MI who are classified correctly by a diagnostic test, such as a cardiac troponin T assay?

Definition
Specificity
Term

Examples of Importance of Epidemiology

 

What is the best descriptor of a sudden unexpected rise in the frequency of occurrence of acute MI in a community?

Definition
Epidemic
Supporting users have an ad free experience!