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Unit 1 Exam 1
Vital Signs-Physical Assessment & Pain
94
Nursing
Graduate
09/25/2022

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Cards

Term
Normal Ranges for Temperature, Pulse, Respirations, Oxygen Sat, Blood Pressure
Definition

Temp-96.8-100.4 F-36-38 Celcius

Pulse- 60 to 100 beats per minute

Respiratory Rate -12-20 breaths per minutes

O2- Greater than or equal 95%

Blood Pressure Systolic 120/80

Term
Factors cause variations in Vital Signs
Definition
  • Temp 
  • Age Exercise, Hormone Level, Stress & Environment
Term
Afebrile
Definition
When fever breaks -no fever
Term
Antipyretics
Definition
A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temp
Term

Blood Pressure

Systolic & Diastolic

Definition

Force is exerted on the walls of an artery by pulsing blood under pressure from the heart. 

 

Systolic -Maximum pressure during ventricular contraction 

 

Diastolic- Minimal pressure during ventricular relaxation.  

Term
Bradycardia
Definition
HR <60
Term
Cardiac Output
Definition

The volume of Blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

HRx Stroke Volume

 

Term
Diaphoresis
Definition
Sweating
Term
Dysrhythmia
Definition
Abnormal Heart Rhythm
Term
Febrile
Definition
having or showing the symptoms of a fever
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Percentage of red blood cells in your blood
Term
Hyperthermia
Definition
the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal
Term
Hypothermia
Definition
Having an abnormally low body temperature
Term
Hypoxemia
Definition
An abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood.
Term
Orthostatic Hypotension/ Postural Hypotension
Definition
Is when your blood pressure drops when you go from lying down to sitting up or from sitting to standing
Term
Oxygen Saturation
Definition
is a measure of how much hemoglobin is currently bound to oxygen compared to how much hemoglobin remains unbound
Term
Perfusion
Definition
Distribution of blood to and from the pulmonary capillaries
Term
Pyrexia
Definition
Fever- greater than 100.4
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
Blood Pressure Cuff
Term
Ventilation
Definition
Movement of gases into and out of the lung
Term
Adventitious Sounds
Definition

Respiratory Noises that are not considered normal breath sounds

Crackles

Rhonchi 

Wheezes

Term
Aphasia
Definition
Abnormal neurological condition in which language function is defective or absent. Related to injury to the speech center in the cerebral cortex
Term
Apical Pulse
Definition
Heartbeat as listened to with the bell or diaphragm placed on the apex of the heart
Term
Auscultation
Definition
listening to the sound of the human body with a stethoscope
Term
Bruit
Definition
abnormal sound or murmur heard while auscultating an organ gland or artery
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
Term
Edema
Definition
abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
Term
Erythema
Definition
Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membrane that is a result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries.
Term
Inspection
Definition
Method of a physical examination by which the patient is visually and systematically examined for appearance, structure, function, and behavior.
Term
Jaundice
Definition
Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and sclera caused bymore significantr than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably
Term
Pallor
Definition
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
Term
Palpation
Definition
Method of a physical examine whereby the finders o hands of the examiner are applied to the patient's body to feel the body underlying the skin.
Term
Percussion
Definition
Method of examination whereby the location, size and density of a body part are determined by the tone obtained from the striking of short sharp taps of the fingers.
Term
PERRLA
Definition
Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light accommodation.
Term
Syncope
Definition
A brief lapse in consciousness caused bu transient cerebral hypoxia
Term
Turgor
Definition
Normal resiliency of the skin is caused by the outward pressure of the cells and interstitial fluid.
Term
PQRST
Definition

Provokes 

Quality 

Radiates 

Severity 

Timing 

Term
Opioids
Definition
Drug substance derived from opium or produced synthetically that alters the perception of pain and that with repeated use may result in physical and psychological dependence (narcotic)
Term
Analgesics
Definition
releiving pain drug that releives pain.
Term
Physical Dependence
Definition
A state of adaptation manifested by a drug class-specific withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessations and rapid dose reduction.
Term
Addiction
Definition
A primary chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic psychosocial and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations.
Term
Drug Tolerance
Definition
A state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a diminution of one or more effects over time.
Term
Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model
Definition
  1. Noticing 
  2. Interpreting
  3. Responding 
  4. Reflecting 
Term
Five Step Nursing Process
Definition
  1. Asses
  2. Diagnose
  3. Plan
  4. Implement
  5. Evaluate
Term
Back Channeling
Definition
Letting the clients know you listening
Term
Direct-close ended questions
Definition

Very specific question about a problem. 

Example-How often do you void?

Term
Review of Systems
Definition
Subjective
Term
Difference between a nursing diagnosis, a medical diagnosis, and a collaborative problem
Definition

Medical- identification of diseases 

 

Nursing is "a clinical judgment made by a nurse to describe a patient response or vulnerability to health conditions or life events that a nurse is licensed and competent to treat.

 

Collaborative Problem is -a problem that requires both medicine and nursing interventions to treat  

Term
Components of Nursing Diagnosis
Definition

Problem-focused (actual)

Observable 

 

Risk-evidence of risk factors

 

Health Promotion

Clinical judgment concern pt motivation 

Term
Nursing Diagnosis Statment
Definition

PES Statement 

  • Problem 
  • Etiology or related factor
  • Signs/Symptoms -show evidence of the problem.  
  • Written as Problem related to Etiology as evidenced by (Signs and Symptopms)
Term
Independent Nursing Interventions
Definition

Actions that a nurse initiates

No Orders or Supervision 

ADLS-Education -Counseling 

Term
Dependent Nursing Intervention
Definition
Require an order from a provider
Term
Nursing Care Plan
Definition
Nursing Diagnosis, Goals and expected outcomes, nursing interventions, and a section for evaluation findings so any nurse can quickly identify a patient's clinical needs and situation.
Term
Direct Nursing Intervention
Definition

Performed through Interaction with a patient

  • ADLS
  • Physical Care techniques
  • CPR, Emergency Medications
Term
Indirect Nursing Intervention
Definition

Performed in the absence of the patient 

  • Handoff report
  • Documentation 
  • Delegating 
  • Infection Control 
Term
Deconditioning
Definition
Decline due to inactivity
Term
Activities of Daily Living
Definition
activities usually performed in the course of a normal day in the patient's life, such as eating, dressing, bathing, brushing the teeth, or grooming
Term
Activity Tolerance
Definition
Type and amount of exercise or work that a person can perform without undue exertion or injury
Term
Crutch Gait
Definition
Alternately bearing weight on one or both legs and on the crutches.
Term
Proprioception
Definition
The ability of the body to sense in position and movement in space
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
Collapse if alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Term
Bed Rest
Definition
Placement of the patient in bed for therapeutic reasons for a prescribed period.
Term
Footdrop
Definition
Abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterized by an inability to doridlexor evert the foot.
Term
Gait
Definition
Manner or style of walking, including rhythm cadence and speed
Term
Hemiparesis
Definition
Weakness or inability to move on one side of the body.
Term
Hemiplegia
Definition
Paralysis of one side of the body
Term
Joint contracture
Definition
an abnormality that may result in a permanent condition of a joint is characterized by flexion and fixation and is caused disuse atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissues.
Term
Muscle atrophy
Definition
decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue
Term
Pressure Injury
Definition
Inflammation sore or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence.
Term
Range of Motion
Definition
Range of movement of a joint from maximum extension to maximum flexion as measured in degrees of a circle.
Term
Shear
Definition
Forced exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
Term
Trapeze bar
Definition
Metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient bed from an overhanging frame permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction or some other encumbrance
Term
Urinary Stasis/retention
Definition
Retention of urine in the bladder condition frequently caused by a temporary loss of muscle function.
Term
Venous thromboembolism VTE
Definition
also known as blood clots, is a disorder that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Term
Complete Bed Bath
Definition
Bath in which the entire body of a patient is washed in bed
Term
Maceration
Definition
softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture
Term
Partial Bed Bath
Definition
Bath in which body parts that might cause the patient discomfort if left unbathed (face hands axillary areas, back, and perineum are washed in bed.
Term
Perineal Care
Definition
the procedure prescribed for cleaning the genital and anal areas as part of the daily bath or after various obstetrical and gynecological procedures.
Term
Bacteriuria
Definition
presence of bacteria in the urine
Term
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
Definition
Infection caused by the tube.
Term
Catheterization
Definition
Introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or remove the fluid.
Term
Dysuria
Definition
Painful urination resulting from bacterial infection of the bladder and obstructed conditions of the urethra
Term
Hematuria
Definition
abnormal presence of blood in the urine
Term
Nephrostomy
Definition
Opening between the kidney and the skin -temp drains the blocked urine.
Term
Proteinuria
Definition
Presence in the urine of normal quantities of protein, usually albumin. Persistent proteinuria is usually a sign of renal disease or renal complications of another disease., hypertension or heart failure.
Term
suprapubic catheter
Definition
catheter surgically inserted through the abdomen into the bladder
Term
Ureterostomy
Definition
Diversion of urine away from a diseased or defective bladder through an artificial opening in the skin.
Term
Cathartics or Laxatives
Definition
Drugs that act to promote bowel evacuation.
Term
Clostridium difficile
Definition
It is a bacterium that causes an infection of the large intestine (colon).
Term
Fecal occult blood test
Definition
Measures microscopic amounts of blood in the feces
Term
Ileostomy
Definition
An ileostomy is an opening in the belly (abdominal wall) that's made during surgery. It's usually needed because a problem is causing the ileum to not work properly, or disease is affecting that part of the colon and it needs to be removed
Term
Ileus
Definition
Ileus refers to the intolerance of oral intake due to inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion without signs of mechanical obstruction.
Term
Stoma
Definition
artificially created opening between a body cavity and the sure of the body
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