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| cold ocean current that flows along the coast of South America provides upwelling along Peru coast year-round – allows for high productivity and marine life – influences climate of Peru creating wide range of temps and less arid in northern Peru |
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| elegant carved stone with a tall vertical shaft that may have served to follow the movements of the Sun |
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| recommended and lead 5 year Nat Geo exploration of Chaco – considered goal of excavation was to bring life to ancient culture of Chaco (interested in individual people) and tried to preserve the site (did repair work) as he excavated – used pottery to suggest degree of development |
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| – classic Inca architecture form – rectangular unites arranged within a walled compound around a central open-air patio and various roofed buildings used for sleeping, cooking and household storage – each kancha had a single main entrance and would have been used by a single family group – Bingham identified 14 groups of kanchas (see ayllus) |
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| – Inca drinking vessel used to drink alcohol or chichi – important in religious ceremonies |
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| – type of pottery style preceding the imperial Cuzco style of Inca pottery – it’s absence at MP supports the theory that MP was only lightly settled before Inca conquest |
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| same as great kiva just not as great |
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| came up with Chaco Meridian theory viewing Chaco Culture’s extension in both space and time – headed a Chaco Center survey and reconnaissance of Chacoan outliers – divided Chacoan building into 4 periods – supported idea of Chaco hierarchy – did a lot of research at Chaco |
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| instated by the Spanish as a puppet to control empire – rebelled - last Inca king who laid siege to Cuzco in a war of resistance against the Spanish invasion – fled from Pizarro’s armies to Old Vilcabamba where he rallied the resistance to the Spanish Conquest |
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| Matrilocal Postmarital Residence |
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| husband goes to live with wife after marriage – practiced in Chaco culture |
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| – tribute and labor tax paid to Incas |
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| colonist status granted by Inca upon portions of populations they conquered – moved to communities to serve Inca elsewhere – some became retainers on Inca royal estates |
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| a term coined by VG Childe in 1941 to describe the origin and consequences of farming (development of stock raising and agriculture), allowing the widespread development of settled village life. |
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| Ollantaytambo was the royal estate of Emperor Pachacuti who conquered the region, built the town and a ceremonial center. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru it served as a stronghold for Manco Inca Yupanqui, leader of the Inca resistance. The emperor rebuilt the town with constructions and undertook extensive works of terracing and irrigation in the Urubamba Valley. Farmed and occupied mostly by retainers |
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