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Prehistoric Cultures
Vocabulary Test Three
56
Anthropology
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2011

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Term
Mousterian Technology
Definition
Associated with Neanderthals and include the Levallois Technique
Term
Levallois Technique
Definition
Preparing a core (or bunch of flakes) in an ideal shape and hitting it with a soft hammer (antler) which made a flake in the middle. This flake is known as the Levallois tool
-A Mousterian tool technology used by Neanderthals
Term
Chatelperronian technology
Definition
Pertaining to an upper paleolithic industry found in France and Spain that is similar to the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian industry.
Term
Atlatl
Definition
Like Spear throwers that allow for hunting from a distance and decreased injuries, much smaller than spear throwers
Term
Moula- Guercy France
Definition
10,000 years old, 78 Hominin bone fragments found several hundred animal bone fragments mixed in with several hundred animal bone fragments that were broken for bone marrow.
*Evidence of Cannibalism for Neanderthals
Term
Krapina, Croatia
Definition
130,000 years ago where thousands of human bones and bone fragments were found that were not whole and had cut.burn marks on them.
*Evidence for Cannibalism in Neanderthals
Term
Teshik Tash Uzbekistan
Definition
Nine year old boy buried with six goat horns, makes it seem very intentional
Term
Portable art
Definition
Includes Figurines and objects associated with personal ornamentation
Term
Venus figurines
Definition
Statues of Upper Paleolithic women, who are curvy
Term
Chauvet France
Definition
Earliest cave art in Europe found here, 32,000 years old... four horse heads
Term
Apollo 11 cave, Namibia
Definition
Earliest Cave art in Africa, 26,000 years ago
Term
Sungir, Russia
Definition
24,000 years old. Brial of two adolescents a girl and a boy 9-13
Buried head to head on a bed of red ochre then found 10,000 beds
-100's of drilled fox canine teeth, carvings, pierced antlers, etc.
-The first time people were VERY interested in art
Term
Lower Paleolithic
Definition
Homo Erectus, Archaic Homo Sapiens, and Early Nenderthals
Term
Middle Paleolithic
Definition
Later Neanderthals
Term
Upper Paleolithic
Definition
Modern Humans
Term
Early Stone Age
Definition
Oldowan and Achulean industries, Homo habilis, homo heidelbergensis
Term
Middle Stone Age
Definition
Homo Heidelbergensis, modern humans
Term
Late Stone Age
Definition
Modern Humans, 40,000 to 10,00 years ago
Term
Hybridization Model of Human Origins
Definition
Proposed by Eric Trinkhaus and Pat Shipman in 1992
-Modern populations migrated out of Africa and replace archaic people they enSome interbreeding and genetic admixture did take place
-This explains the Regional continuity of traits example: Neanderthals have the ocipital bun and so do some Norwegians
Term
Omo, Ethiopia
Definition
Southern Ethiopia, 195,000 years aold, earliest modern human yet found.
-However there is a considerable amount of variation between the fossil specimens found there.
Term
Herto, Ethiopia
Definition
Found a possible new subspecies by Tim White--- in between modern humans and archaic humans
160,000 to 154,000 years old, Cranial vault is large and low also within the capacity range of modern humans
Term
Homo Sapiens Idaltu
Definition
The new Subspecies that was discovered at Herto by Tim White
proposed as a new subspecies for these specimen that would reflect their similarities to both modern huamans and archai
Idaltu= Elder in the Afar language
Term
Skuhl and Oafzeh Isreal
Definition
The oldest modern humans outside of Africa, found on Mt. Caramel in Isreal.... 115,000 to 110,000 years old
Term
Abrigo do lagar Velho, Portugal
Definition
Found here was a burial for a four year old child, may be good evidence of interbredding between Neanderthals and modern humans because it has several morphologies that are not modern. 24,500 years old
Term
Predmosti Moravia
Definition
A communal grave was discovered here with the remains of 18 individuals, most with their heads oriented North
-Grave was covered with limestone slabs and mammoth bones, thousand of stone tools
Term
Dolni Vestonice, Moravia
Definition
30-25 Thousand years ago, Traces of several tent like huts, mammoth bones and central hearths

-Leads us to infer that ritual burials indicated extensive rituals preparing us for the after life
Term
Lake Mungo, Australia
Definition
Mungo I= (Young female) shows signs of having been cremated before burials
Mungo II= (Older Male) was covered with red ochre (earliest example of mortuary practices)
Term
Pacific Coastal (Rim) Route
Definition
Asain origin along the coast, climactic conditions are not as harsh as the continental interior. Water transport is necessary not dependent on land bridge formation to glacial retreats
Term
North Atlantic Ice Edge Route
Definition
Earliest Immigrants followed the northern edge of the ice from western Europe to North America, water transport necessary and attempts to explain the origins of Clovis
Term
Pedra Furada, Brazil
Definition
50-40,000 years. One of several South American sites for which great antiquity is claimed, but not yet convincingly proved
Term
Penejo Cave, New Mexico
Definition
37-12,000 years ago
-Controversial claim of great antiquity for the human presence in the American Southwest
Term
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter, PA
Definition
19-14,000 years ago
-Often cited as evidence of pre-Clovis presence of humans in eastern North America
Term
Monte Verde, Chile
Definition
Southern Chile, pre-Clovis
14,800 years old
Found hut foundations, flaked tools, wooden lance, digging tools, fire coal, bones, remains of nuts fruits and berries
Term
Clovis
Definition
13,200 to 12,800 Earliest universally acknowledged late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who occupied much of North America below the glacial ice masses of the northern latitudes; used distinctive fluted spear or dart projectile points
Term
Folsom
Definition
12,500 LAte Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who hunted now-extinct giant long-horned bison in the American Southwest
Term
Mesolithic
Definition
Middle Stone age, period of hunter-gathers, especially in northwestern Europe
Term
Archaic
Definition
North American archaeological period that follows the end of the Ice Age and traditionally ends with the beginning of the use of ceramics, equivalent to the Mesolithic in the Old World
Term
Danger Cave
Definition
10,000 to historic times
Deeply stratified site that contains rich evidence of Desert Archaic life ways in the American Southwest
Term
Koster
Definition
9,000 to 4,000 years ago Important stratified sequence of camp sites that document the changing life ways of prehistoric Native Americans in the Midwest during the Archaic period
Term
Povery Point
Definition
3,500 A large series of earhworks that covers nearly 1 square mile; the most elaborate example of planned communities that were built in the Southeast in late Archaic times
Term
Epipaleolithic
Definition
Late Pleistocene and early halocene period of foragers and collectors in the Near East and adjacent parts of Asia
Term
Kebaran
Definition
Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers of the eastern Mediterranean region and Levant
Term
Natufian
Definition
Referring to collect-type hunter-gatherers who established sedentary settlements in parts of the Near East after 12,000 years ago
Term
Ohalo II
Definition
23,000 years ago. Kebaron or pre-Kebaran campsite; extraordinary preservation of huts, living floors, grass bedding and plant remains. Especially of small-grained grass seeds, which appear to have been a staple food.
Term
Hunter-Gathers
Definition
People who make their living by hunting, fishing, and gathering their food and not by producing it.
Term
Foragers
Definition
Hunter-gatherers who live in small groups that move camp frequently to take advantage of fresh resources as they come into season, with few resources stored in anticipation of future use
Term
Collectors
Definition
Hunter-Gatherers who tend to stay in one place for a long time, a task group may range far afield to hunt and collect food and other resources that are brought back to camp and shared among its inhabitants. Valued food resources are commonly stored in anticipation for future use.
Term
Middens
Definition
Archaeological sites or features within sites formed largely by the accumulation of domestic waste
Term
Megafauna
Definition
"Large animal" over 100 pounds
Term
Overkill Hypothesis
Definition
It is clear that such animals (herbivores) were desirable prey of the earliest Americans
-remains found in association with spear points, etc.
-Stampeded kills are known form several sites
-Most megafouna disappears within a few thousand years of human arrival
-Though that once herbivore populations were decimated, that carnivore numbers diminished as a result of the loss of prey species
Term
Climate Change hypothesis
Definition
Around 12,000 years ago the glaciers began to melt and made the earth warm up
-Cold-adapted animals may have died form heat exhaustion
-or the vegetation upon which these animals survived may have dissapeared causing starvation
Term
Neolithic
Definition
A. A term used to describe this shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture: Neo=New, Lithic= Stone = NEW STONE AGE
Term
Adze
Definition
Term
Weir
Definition
Term
The reality
Definition
Most scholars believe that BOTH large-scale hunting and climate changed played a significant role in the extinction of this unique fauna
Term
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Definition
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