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Prefixes
Chapter 4
181
Medical
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

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Term
apnea
Definition
Not breathing.
Term
anoxia
Definition
Without oxygen (decrease in tissues)
Term
abnormal
Definition
Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular.
Term
abductor
Definition
One who (muscle which) leads away from the body. To abduct means to carry away
by force; kidnap.
Term
adductor
Definition
One who (muscle which) leads toward the body. To admit means to send toward or
permit entrance.
Term
adrenal glands
Definition
Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys
Term
anabolism
Definition
Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells
Term
analysis
Definition
To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the
mind. Urinalysis (urin/o + [an]alysis) is a laboratory examination of urine to aid in diagnosis.
Term
ante cibum
Definition
Before meals.
Term
anteflexion
Definition
Bending forward.
Term
antepartum
Definition
Before birth.
Term
antisepsis
Definition
Condition against infection.
Term
antibiotic
Definition
Pertaining to against life (germ life).
Term
antibody
Definition
Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.
Term
antigen
Definition
A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies
Term
antitoxin
Definition
A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin
(such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus). Antivenin contains antitoxin
specific for an animal or insect venom.
Term
autoimmune disease
Definition
A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one’s own (auto-) cells and tissues.
Term
bifurcation
Definition
Forking (branching) into two; as the trachea bifurcates into two individual tubes.
Term
bilateral
Definition
Pertaining to two sides.
Term
bradycardia
Definition
Condition of slow heartbeat
Term
catabolism
Definition
Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells.
Term
congenital anomaly
Definition
Irregularity at birth.
Term
connective
Definition
To tie (bind) together. A conference (fer-means to carry or bring) is where people gather together or meet.
Term
contraindication
Definition
To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken
Term
contralateral
Definition
Pertaining to the opposite side. Ipsilateral means pertaining to the same side.
Term
dehydration
Definition
Condition of lack of water
Term
diameter
Definition
To measure through; as the diameter of a circle.
Term
diarrhea
Definition
To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon.
Term
dialysis
Definition
Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Term
dyspnea
Definition
Difficult breathing
Term
dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal (“bad”) development or formation
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes).
Term
endocardium
Definition
Inner lining (membrane) of the heart.
Term
endoscope
Definition
Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope.
Term
endotracheal
Definition
Pertaining to within the trachea
Term
epithelium
Definition
Skin cell; literally, “upon a nipple"
Term
euphoria
Definition
Good feeling, “high.” A eulogy is a speech saying good things about a person after his/her death.
Term
euthyroid
Definition
Normal thyroid function
Term
exophthalmos
Definition
Eyeballs that protrude.
Term
hemiglossectomy
Definition
Removal of half the tongue.
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
Increase in blood sugar
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells).
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in development; increase in size of cells
Term
hypodermic injection
Definition
Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin
Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
Decrease in blood sugar
Term
insomniac
Definition
Pertaining to inability to sleep
Term
incision
Definition
Process of cutting into; sectioning
Term
infracostal
Definition
Pertaining to below ribs
Term
intercostal
Definition
Pertaining to between the ribs.
Term
intravenous
Definition
Pertaining to within a vein
Term
macrocephaly
Definition
Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly
Term
malignant
Definition
Harmful, bad; cancerous condition.
Term
malaise
Definition
Feeling of discomfort; “bad feeling.”
Term
metacarpal bones
Definition
Five hand bones (beyond the wrist).
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
Condition of change of shape or form. A worm-like larva undergoes a change in
shape to become a butterfly. This is an example of metamorphosis.
Term
metastasis
Definition
Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor.
Term
microscope
Definition
Instrument to view small objects.
Term
neonatal
Definition
Pertaining to a newborn (infant).
Term
neoplasm
Definition
New growth; new formation (tumor).
Term
pancytopenia
Definition
Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells).
Term
paralysis
Definition
Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function
Term
parathyroid glands
Definition
Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland. A paramedic
works beside and assists a doctor; also called an emergency medical technician
(EMT). A parasite (-site means grain or food) is an organism that feeds and lives
on or within another organism. Lice, ticks, and fleas are examples of parasites.
Term
percutaneou
Definition
Pertaining to through the skin
Term
pericardium
Definition
Membrane surrounding the heart
Term
periosteum
Definition
Membrane surrounding the bone
Term
polymorphonuclear
Definition
Pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell.
Term
polyneuritis
Definition
Inflammation of many nerves.
Term
postmortem
Definition
After death
Term
postpartum
Definition
After childbirth; this most often refers to the mother
Term
precancerous
Definition
Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous
Term
prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth
Term
prodrome
Definition
Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness.
Term
prolapse
Definition
Sliding forward or downward
Term
pseudocyesis
Definition
State of false pregnancy
Term
relapse
Definition
A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease
Term
remission
Definition
To send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease
Term
recombinant DNA
Definition
Inserting a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another
organism.
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum.
Term
retroflexion
Definition
Bending backward.
Term
subcutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to under the skin.
Term
suprapubic
Definition
Pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis).
Term
syndactyly
Definition
Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly
Term
synthesis
Definition
To put or place together, as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis.
Term
syndrome
Definition
A group of symptoms that run (occur) together. In synchrony means timed
(chron/o) together
Term
symbiosis
Definition
Condition or state of “life together”; two organisms living together for mutual benefit or not (parasitism).
Term
symmetry
Definition
State of “measurement together”; equality of parts; mirror images.
Term
symphysis
Definition
To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint
Term
tachypnea
Definition
Rapid breathing
Term
transfusion
Definition
To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another.
Term
transurethral
Definition
Pertaining to through the urethra.
Term
ultrasonography
Definition
Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves.
Term
unilateral
Definition
Pertaining to one side.
Term
Abductor
Definition
Muscle that leads a limb away from the body
Term
Adductor
Definition
Muscle that leads a limb toward the body
Term
Adrenal glands
Definition
Endocrine glands above the kidney
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Process of building up proteins in cells
Term
Analysis
Definition
Separation of a substance into various parts.
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Without oxygen
Term
Ante cibum (a.c.)
Definition
Before meals
Term
Anteflexion
Definition
Bending forward
Term
Antepartum
Definition
Before birth
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
Against life (germ life). Antibiotics are drugs given to combat bacteria
Term
Antibody
Definition
Proteins made by white blood cells to destroy antigens.
Term
Antigen
Definition
Substance (Protein) that stimulates the production of antibodies
Term
Antisepsis
Definition
Destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection.
Term
Antitoxin
Definition
Substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody
Term
Apnea
Definition
Without breathing
Term
Autoimmune disease
Definition
Antibodies that are produced against an individual’s own normal cells.
Term
Benign
Definition
Non-cancerous
Term
Bifurcation
Definition
Branching or forking into two parts
Term
Bilateral
Definition
Pertaining to both or two sides
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Slow heart beat, usually less than 60 beats per minute.
Term
Congenital anomaly
Definition
Abnormality present at birth; birth defect.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bones, cartilage, muscle, or fibrous tissues.
Term
Contraindication
Definition
A factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient.
Term
Contralateral
Definition
Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body.
Term
Dehydration
Definition
Excessive loss of water.
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function.
Term
Diameter
Definition
Distance between opposite parts on the circumference of a structure.
Term
Diarrhea
Definition
Diarrhea is the frequent passage of watery, loose stools.
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
Condition of abnormal formation
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Difficult breathing
Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition
A pregnancy that is outside the uterus.
Term
Endocardium
Definition
The inner lining of the heart.
Term
Endoscope
Definition
Instrument to visually examine within the body; bronchoscope.
Term
Endotracheal
Definition
Pertaining to within the trachea.
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body
Term
Euphoria
Definition
Condition of exaggerated well-being (“good feeling”).
Term
Euthyroid
Definition
Normal thyroid function
Term
Exophthalmos
Definition
Eyeballs that protrude from their sockets; associated with hyperthyroidism.
Term
Hemiglossectomy
Definition
Removal (resection) of half the tongue.
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
Condition of excessive or high blood pressure; diabetes mellitus.
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
Condition of increased formation of cells.
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Condition of increased development when individual cells increase in size.
Term
Hypodermic injection
Definition
Placement of a needle below the skin
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
Condition of decreased sugar in the blood; low blood sugar.
Term
Infracostal
Definition
Pertaining to below the ribs.
Term
Insomniac
Definition
Pertaining to without sleep; an insomniac is a person who cannot sleep.
Term
Intercostal
Definition
Pertaining to between the ribs.
Term
Intravenous
Definition
Pertaining to within a vein.
Term
Macrocephaly
Definition
Condition of a larger than normal head.
Term
Malaise
Definition
General feeling of bodily discomfort
Term
Malignant
Definition
Cancerous; harmful
Term
Metacarpal bones
Definition
Hand bones
Term
Metamorphosis
Definition
Condition of change of shape or form
Term
Metastasis
Definition
Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site.
Term
Microscope
Definition
Instrument to view small projects
Term
Neonatal
Definition
Pertaining to a newborn infant
Term
Neoplasm
Definition
New growth
Term
Pancytopenia
Definition
Deficiency of all cells (blood cells).
Term
Paralysis
Definition
Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body
Term
Parathyroid glands
Definition
Four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) region of the thyroid gland.
Term
Percutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to through the skin
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Membrane surrounding a bone
Term
Polymorphonuclear
Definition
Pertaining to a nucleus with several or many shapes. Polymorphonucler leukocytes are white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus
Term
Polyneuritis
Definition
Inflammation of many nerves.
Term
Postmortem
Definition
After death.
Term
Postpartum
Definition
After birth.
Term
Precancerous
Definition
Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition
Term
Prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth
Term
Prodrome
Definition
Symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious an illness. An example of a prodrome is the fever that signals the onset of a viral illness.
Term
Prolapse
Definition
Sliding forward or downward
Term
Pseudocyesis
Definition
False pregnancy.
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
Insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from an organism into the DNA of another organism
Term
Relapse
Definition
Sliding of falling back; as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery.
Term
Remission
Definition
Literally, to send back to good health; disappearance of disease symptoms.
Term
Retroflexion
Definition
Bending backward.
Term
Retroperitoneal
Definition
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity).
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to under the skin.
Term
Suprapubic
Definition
Pertaining to above the pelvic bone.
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
Close association between organisms of different species of a state in which two people are emotionally dependent on each other.
Term
Symmetry
Definition
Equality of parts, literally measured together
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Literally, to grow together
Term
Syndactyly
Definition
Fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly.
Term
Syndrome
Definition
Group of symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder.
Term
Synthesis
Definition
Literally, to put (-thesis) together (syn-).
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Rapid breathing
Term
Transfusion
Definition
Literally, to pour (-fusion) across (trans-); transference of blood from person to another.
Term
Transurethral
Definition
Pertaining to across or through the urethra
Term
Ultrasonography
Definition
The prefix ultra- means beyond or excessive; sonography is the process of recording sound waves. Ultrasonography is the use of high frequency sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue.
Term
Unilateral
Definition
Pertaining to one side
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