1. Topical Application

2. Instillation of solutions onto the mucus membrane

3. Inhalation 

Dont Leave Cats Outside

• Dressings
• Lotions
• Creams
• Ointments

• Nongreasy
• Removed with water
• Semisolid emulsions that contain medical agents for external application

• Soothing agents
• Aqueous (water based) preparations that contain suspended materials 
• Commonly used as soothing agents to protect the skin.
• Relive rashes and itching.
• Some have cleaning actions 
• some have an astringent or drawing effect.

• Gently but firmly pat on to skin rather than rub into skin to prevent increased circulation and itching.
• Before applying SHAKE all lotions thoroughly!
• Please use them sparingly to avoid waste :)

• Semisolid preparation of medical substances in an oily base such as Lanolin or petrolatum. (they are greasy!) (e.g., Vaseline, vapor rubs) 
• Can be applied directly onto skin or mucus membranes 
• Generally can not be removed easily with water 
• The base helps to keep the medicinal substances in prolonged contact with the skin.

What do we know about dressings? 

And I don't mean Ranch 

• Several types of dressings are used to treat wounds.
• dry gauze sponges, non-adherent gauze dressings, self-adhesive transplant films that act as a second skin, hydrocollied dressings.
• Hydrogel dressings are used on partial and full thickness wounds and on skin that has been damaged by burns
• Also exudate absorbers such as calcium alginate dressings manufactured from seaweed that can be used o n infection wounds.

• Always completely remove the previous dressing.
• Wring out wet dressings to prevent dripping and apply gauze in single layer directly to the wound surface.
• For deeper wounds, pack the wound loosely with moist gauze sponges so that all surfaces are in contact with the moisture.
• Apply a layer of dry gauze sponges and an absorbent pad to the area.
• To secure a dressing that requires changes apply a binder or use Montgomery tapes.

• suspected allergens (antigens) are placed in direct contact with the skin surface and covered with non-sensitizing, nonabsorbent tape.
• Unless pronounced irritation appears, the patch is usually left in place for 48hrs and the removed. The site is left open to air for 15min and the "read".
• A positive reaction is noted by the presence of redness and swelling called a wheal, which indicates an allergy to the specific allergen.
• It may be necessary to read again after 3 days and again after 7 days to detect delayed reactions. 

• DO NOT PLACE ON JOINTS!!
• Specific instructions for nitroglycerin is currently the only ointment that is currently available for which dosage is critical to the success of use.
• provides pain relief of anginal painful several hours longer than sublingual preparations.

Administration of Nitroglycerin Ointment

• Produce procedure protocols, don gloves
• Select new application site (never same place)
• Measure dose amount on application paper
• Spread in thin layer, without rubbing
• Cover area with plastic wrap and tape
• Dispose of gloves and wash hands
• Patient education 
• Document 

Iffy Patient Do Drugs Round The Day

1. Right Indication
2. Right Patient
3. Right Drug
4. Right Documentation
5. Right Route
6. Right Dose

• Provides for the controlled release of a prescribed medication through a semipermeable membrane for several hours to 3 weeks when applied to intact skin.
• Label disc with time, date, and nurse initials 

True or False??

Ophthalmic solutions are sterile?

• Ear Drops should be warmed to room tempter before use.
• A separate bottle of ear drops should be used for each patient. 

• With Adults gently pull up on the upper lobe
• With children who are less than 3 years old gently pull down on the lower ear lobe