Term
| Stromatolites/cyanobacteria |
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Definition
| apparently "gravity-defying" sediment layers formed by cyan bacteria (photosynthetic prokaryotes) |
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Definition
| small cells, simple internal structure, DNA loose in cells, asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| larger cells, all living things except bacteria & cyanobacteria |
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| Possible sources of energy for creation of organic material |
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Definition
| solar radiation (UV), lightning, hydrothermal vents |
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Definition
| early/earliest life at hydrothermal vents, live in extreme conditions (heat, pressure, etc.) |
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| Source of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere |
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Definition
| carbonate mineral precipitation (ex. limestone) decreases CO2 in atmosphere, increasing oxygen as algae byproduct |
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Definition
| show low/sporadic free oxygen in atmosphere |
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Definition
| indicate constant free oxygen in atmosphere |
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Definition
| first fossil evidence of eukaryotes |
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Definition
| larger, amoeba-like prokaryotes engulfed smaller ones in a mutually beneficial relationship (know because mitochondria & chloroplasts have their own DNA) |
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Definition
| multicellular plants & animals with specialized cells organized into tissues & organs |
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Definition
| first complex metazoan fossils |
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Term
| Occurrence marking beginning of Paleozoic Era |
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Definition
| appearance of abundant shelled fossils |
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Term
| Occurrence marking end of Paleozoic Era |
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Definition
| mass extinction of "old life" forms |
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Definition
| first, appearance of shelled fossils, first modern ecosystem |
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Definition
| in Rocky Mountains, evidence of first ecosystem (herbivores, carnivores, scavengers) |
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Definition
| abundant during Cambrian, prone to speciation & extinction, first complex image forming eyes |
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Definition
| first fish (Agnatha), first land plant spores |
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Term
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Definition
| filter-feeding animals, lived in cup like structures, formed floating colonies |
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Definition
| immobile filter feeders, not related to bivalve mollusks |
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Definition
| "sea lilies", type of echinoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| have dorsal central nerve chord |
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Definition
| chordates with cartilage or bony vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny calcium phosphate tooth-like fossils, belong to primitive eel-like chordate |
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Term
| Cephalopods (Nautiloid cephalopods) |
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Definition
| shelled marine animals, use chambers for buoyancy control, major predators during Ordovician |
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Definition
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Definition
| first Agnatha, armored & jawless |
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Term
| Plant colonization of land |
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Definition
| first primitive land plant spores during Ordovician |
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Definition
| first fish with jaws (placoderms), first vascular plants |
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Definition
| large scorpion-like predator during Silurian |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of front gill arches |
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Definition
| have special vessels that carry water & nutrients up and food & energy down |
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Definition
| placoderms abundant, first cartilaginous fish (sharks), first amphibians, first seed-bearing plants (gymnosperms) |
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Definition
| have complex suture patterns (borders between chambers) |
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Definition
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Definition
| armored fish with jaws, become dominant & large during Devonian |
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Definition
| first fossils of cartilaginous fish |
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Definition
| bony fish, fins are supported by thin bones that radiate from the body, ancestors of most present fish today |
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Definition
| bony fish, lobe-shaped fins attached to body by single bone, modification of fins in descendants lead to feet, have nostrils & lungs for breathing air ('dipnoi') |
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Definition
| Ichthyostega, evolved from one line of lobe-finned fish |
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Definition
| first primitive seed-bearing plants |
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Definition
| named for coal-producing swamps, amphibians dominant, first reptiles, amniotic egg |
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Definition
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Definition
| vascular plants in coal-producing swamps, Carboniferous |
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Definition
| dominant during Carboniferous, most important were labyrinthodonts |
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Definition
| major structural bones from fish ancestor repurposed to support feet (instead of fins), inherited tooth style from ancestor but made it stronger |
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Definition
| broke dependence on water by coming up with amniotic egg (internal fertilization) |
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Definition
| embryo nourished in own "pool" with hard protective eggshell, requires internal fertilization |
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Definition
| shift in dominance from amphibians to reptiles, mammal-like reptiles (Therapsids) |
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Definition
| built by algae, sponges & bryozoans |
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Definition
| use dorsal fin as a solar energy collector |
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Definition
| mammal-like reptiles: endothermic to some degree, more upright stance, crudely diversified teeth, hair to some degree |
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Definition
| extinction at Permian-Triassic boundary, somewhere between 80-95% of species went extinct |
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Term
| Lines of evidence used to interpret mass extinction |
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Definition
| (1) who went extinct, (2) who did not go extinct, (3) duration of extinction event, (4) what else was going on at the time; temporal correlation; (5) geochemical evidence |
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Term
| Lines of evidence applied to P-T mass extinction |
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Definition
| (1) who died: almost everyone, (2) who survived: benthic [bottom-dwelling] species, 'weedy' plants [colonize new bare areas], smaller animals with generalist lifestyle, (3) duration of event: 2 stage with last most severe, (4) temporal correlation: formation of Pangea supercontinent |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more separate negative occurrences happening close together in time are much more devastating than either one alone |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 negative occurrence leads to others; lose of one species/group causes extinction of others |
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Term
| 2 big events at P-T boundary |
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Definition
| formation of Pangea supercontinent & eruption of Siberian Traps |
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Term
| Paleogeography of Triassic Period |
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Definition
| Pangea supercontinent, continent interiors warm/arid deserts |
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Term
| Paleogeography of Jurassic Period |
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Definition
| Pangea starts to break up, sea level rise creates warm shallow seas covering many continental areas, land is warm & wet (tropical) |
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Term
| Paleogeography of Cretaceous Period |
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Definition
| conditions still tropical, Pangea gone (several individual continents), creation of global encircling seaway/ocean (Tethyan Seaway), productive warm, shallow seas of Jurassic & Cretaceous produce future oil deposits |
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Definition
| type of gymnosperm, Mesozoic |
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| flowering plants, more efficient animal-pollination, quicker to colonize cleared areas than gymnosperms, have dominated terrestrial plants since Mesozoic |
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