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| maintained that all things are composed of infinitely divisible particles; the universe was caused by mind (nous) acting on matter. |
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| held that the original source of all things is a boundless, indeterminate element |
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| said that the underlying principle of all things is air |
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| held that apparent changes in things are in fact changes in the positions of basic particles, of which there are four types: earth, air, fire, and water. Two forces cause these basic changes: Love and strife |
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| held that the only reality is ceaseless change and that the underlying substance of the universe is fire |
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| said that the only reality is permanent, unchanging, indivisible, and undifferentiated being and that change and motion are illusions of the senses |
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| maintained that enumerability constitutes the true nature of things |
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| held that water is the basic stuff of which all else is composed |
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| devised clever paradoxes seeming to show that motion is impossible |
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