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| autosomal traits are passed from...? |
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important in the brain and at synapses between motor neurons and muscle cells.
It is a chemical released in the brain at a neurojunction that triggers an action potential |
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| a hormone secreted by adrenal medulla. Gets into the bloodstream in r esponse to fear, stress, or injury |
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| How bacteria and plasmids are usesd |
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| carriers for gene transfer |
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| How dominant and recessive traits are passed from P generation to F1 generation, etc. |
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| true-breeding parental plants are P generation and their hybrid offspring are F1 genration. WHen F1 plants self fertilize or fertilize each other, their offspring are F2 generation |
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| Who/what influenced Darwin |
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| Thomas Malthus's writings and many other people's writings |
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| fixed rate of decay of a fossil |
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| organs showing the same basic structure and the same general relationship to other organs. |
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| when two individuals are blood relatives. If 2 parents have common ancestry, their offspring will be inbred. |
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| emergence of a new species |
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| adaptive change resulting in analogous similarities among organisms. Species from different lineages come to resemble each other. |
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| animals in the same niche |
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| these animals have the same status and live in the same community |
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| how variations occur in organisms |
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| everyone has different DNA |
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| darwin's theory of natural selection |
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| differential success in reproduction by different phenotypes |
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| genetic change in a population or species over generation |
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| a process in which the descendants of a single ancestor diversify into species that fit different parts of the environment. EX. thorns and flower petals |
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| what chemicals aid in digestion of the following? starch, carbs, fat, and proteins. |
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| enzymes, bile, gastric juices, and amylase for starch |
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| modern theory of evolution |
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| reproduction is unequal with the individuals that best meet specific environmental demands having the greatest reproductive success |
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| punctuated equilibrium theory |
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| Niles Eldridge and stephen Jay Gould. Abrupt episodes of speciation punctuating long periods of little change. |
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| several individual organisms of the same species living closely together, for several benefits |
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| a group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and in the same geographic area |
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| an assemblage of all the organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area |
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| all the organisms living in an area along with the nonliving factors |
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| effects of DDT on insect population |
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Definition
| each time you spray, the more the insects adapt to the pesticide, and over time, less and less die every time you spray because they are all passed down the pesticide resistant trait |
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| history of the peppered moth |
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Definition
| started out white and black with speckles. By end of 1800's, they were gray. Birds began to prey on them so the color began to change. |
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| large intestines function |
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| water absorption and formation of feces |
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| small intestines function |
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| enzymatic hydrolysis of food macromolecules and absorption of nutrients |
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| grinds and churns food and may store it temporarily |
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| universal nature of the genetic code |
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| genetic code is set of rules giving correspondence between codons in RNA and amino acids in proteins |
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| functions in exchanging gases with the environment. supplies blood with oxygen and disposes CO2 |
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| uses veins, capillaries, and arteries to transfer oxygen throughout the body |
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| defends body against infections, disease, and virus |
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| p squared + 2pq +q squared=1 |
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| rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract |
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| the left ventricle has the thickest walls |
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| form synapses with the muscle at a neuromuscular junction |
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| characteristics of respiratory surfaces |
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| must be moist, and gases must be in water before they can diffuse across them |
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| breaks down starch into glucose molecules during digestion |
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| know the bones of the body |
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| second major phase of embryonic development. Adds more cells to the embryo and sorts all cells into distinct cell layers |
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| a nutrient rich broth made from mixing and enzyme action. Food begins in the stomach and then becomes a nutrient rich broth called acid chyme |
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| immunity produced by T cells |
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| in the wall of the right atrium |
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| 2 major divisions of the nervous system |
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central nervous system-consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system-consists of communication lines called nerves that carry signals into and out of the central nervous system |
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| what connects bones to muscles? |
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