Term
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Definition
Support Constitution
Better organized than anti-Federalists
Prepared to fight dirty
Found in places that benefit from strong national government (port cities, more central)
In some states, say they will create a Bill of Rights – what government cannot do |
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Term
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Definition
Want to change Articles of Confederation. Under Articles of Confederation, states had too much power and every state set its own trade policy. U.S. couldn’t enforce its own treaties (states were making it hard for English to sue Americans – violation of Treaty of Paris 1783). U.S. government couldn’t overrule state governments. Articles of Confederation provided for small military. People began to want stronger, sensible government. Need stronger government without turning tyrannical. |
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Term
Articles of Confederation era Economy 11 points |
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Definition
Great Britain and France trying to crush American economy. American goods and shipping are being harassed everywhere. States compete with each other over foreign/domestic trade. Plantation owners don’t like this situation. People in sea port towns don’t like this situation. No banks, no investment opportunities. Gentlemen lend their money out to large numbers of people. After American Revolution there is an economic slow down. State legislatures made it easier to avoid paying debts. States print paper money in the 1780s, which causes inflation. Gentlemen losing power to people (or: people are robbing them). |
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Term
Constitutional Convention 8 points |
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Definition
Nationalists get states to meet in Philadelphia in 1777 James Madison – nationalist, political thinker, wants to protect liberty and property. James Madison’s stance: can’t have power in the states. How to keep government from turning tyrannical? Checks and balances. Madison goes to Convention, presents Virginia Plan – houses filled based on population. Two areas of state conflict: large vs. small, north vs. south States having to work together while their social systems are becoming drastically different “People will always be breaking up into factions; factions must compromise; squeeze factional problems out by making states compromise.” |
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Term
Before Market Revolution 9 points |
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Definition
Standards of living in the wealthiest parts of the world comparable US has land for expansion Slow world, people on edge of survival Hard to travel (easiest on water) Most people live in isolated "island" communities Small businesses are common Manufacturers produce goods when people need them Small workforces - workers usually live in same house as boss Things shut down in winter |
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Term
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Definition
Ordinary people begin wanting items made by others People focus on faster production Farm families deciding what crops to grow in order to make money Businesses 1) making more goods to attact customers and 2) produce for the market Businesses breaking tasks into component parts By 1830s you could walk into a store and buy clothes without wait This is the beginnings of factories - but it is difficult to go from the bottom to the top since you only learn one set of skills |
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Term
Transportation Revolution 10 points |
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Definition
must improve transportation in order to move goods easier -canal building boom -1825-Eerie Canal- connects Great lakes to eastern seaboard - makes water route -from the Midwest to Atlantic through Hudson River **makes the Midwest powerful for Civil War -fix roads to have decent foundations **people learn to use steam engines- apply this to many forms of trans. -1807 steam boats formed-now rivers are a 2 way street, not 1 **makes Mississippi way more useful 1830’s- Railroads-quicken life/ break down island communities **can go anywhere not dependent on seasons |
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Term
Agricultural Revolution 4 points |
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Definition
Regions grow what they produce best and ship elsewhere 1793 - Eli Whitney invents cotton gin 1830s/40s - new farm machinery Explosion of cotton industry |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenges of social order and disease |
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Term
Did the Constitution create a confederation or a nation? 5 points |
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Definition
“We the people” implies that it created a nation Constitution created a stronger national government States can’t protect citizens from being taxed. United States can (4): raise armies, regulate interstate commerce, create and enforce laws, decide if laws are enforceable. Senate – federation of states; House – represents nation |
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Term
Constitution According to the Southern Plantation Owner 2 points |
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Definition
Constitution can’t regulate slave trade but can regulate interstate commerce and thus regulate slave trade. South worried about tariffs and North messing with southern economy. |
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Term
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Definition
Against Constitution
Afraid government will turn tyrannical |
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Term
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Definition
One thing that makes United States possible: everybody knew George Washington would be first President
First government meets in 1789 (Constitution in effect, Washington elected President)
Faces problem: buried in debt
Easy solution to debt problem: sell land, but they do not follow this plan
Washington passes law to charter First Bank of United States in 1791 |
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Term
Alexander Hamilton
8 points |
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Definition
One thing that makes United States possible: everybody knew George Washington would be first President
First government meets in 1789 (Constitution in effect, Washington elected President)
Faces problem: buried in debt
Easy solution to debt problem: sell land, but they do not follow this plan
Washington passes law to charter First Bank of United States in 1791 |
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Term
First Bank of United States
8 points |
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Definition
Alexander Hamilton’s idea, 1790
Private organization chartered by U.S. government
U.S. government deposits all of it’s money
Run by wealthy and powerful for wealthy and powerful
Constitution does not give government power to create Bank
Southerners told: Go along with Bank and capital will be in Washington, D.C.
Hamilton argues for Bank citing Necessary and Proper clause
Bank will regulate commerce and trade
Washington passes law in 1791 – First Bank of United States chartered |
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Term
The Great Awakening
6 points |
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Definition
Religious revival
Starts in 1740, ends 1744-1745
Eastern U.S. is almost entirely Protestant
Churches organized & ministers educated
Brought about by powerful preachers preaching in dramatic fashion about teachings of Jesus Christ, state of souls
Some preachers decide their churches are not religious enough and break off |
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Term
After Great Awakening
5 points |
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Definition
“Residue” of Great Awakening: preachers serious about converting people
Up to 1760s: White Americans not making much effort to evangelize Africans
In the 1750s, preachers will preach to anyone, including slaves
In the 1750s-60s there is a religious counterculture in the south – people forming their own churches where they can have their own religious experiences
This is the start of the Baptist church |
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Term
18th Century Baptism
8 points |
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Definition
No dancing or drinking
Preacher is not paid
Good preachers preach with spirit
Ministers can be black or white
Important that your brothers and sisters stay on a righteous path
Integrated congregations
Whites report on blacks, blacks report on whites
Baptist churches – semi-public spaces where blacks get public voice (aided by Christianity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Paranoia that they would be turned into slaves |
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Term
White Anti-Slavery Movement
11 points |
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Definition
Beginnings: 1771, Philadelphia, PA
American Anti-Slavery Society
Most whites in AASS believe slavery is wrong, but they want to send slaves back to Africa, not create a mixed society
Revolutionary War argument– we can’t be slaves, we can’t have slaves
Opportunity for slaves to enter discussion: use same Revolutionary War argument as whites
There is public talk arguing that slavery is unnatural
1781 – Massachusetts declares slavery illegal by court order citing “All men are created equal”
Throughout north, consensus develops to end slavery
In most states, slavery is ended through gradual emancipation: on a slave’s 21st birthday, slave will be free (If born at a certain time)
In some states blacks had equal rights and could vote; in other states they had less rights
Lots of people mad over loss of property |
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Term
What is slavery in the south like after anti-slavery movement?
6 points |
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Definition
In upper south: VA, MD, slavery is not as profitable as it used to be; there aren’t as many slaves; whites are more willing to talk about the wickedness of slavery
Slavery doesn’t change, but people are more willing to free their slaves than they have been before
Democratic Baptism and Methodism gain popularity – both are anti-slavery
1786 – Methodists declare that anyone who wants to be a Methodist give up their slaves
Methodists and Baptists start to back down after pressure – ex. Only Baptist Bishops cannot own slaves
Significant number of free blacks in south (~10%) |
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