Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| history of present illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peak occurrence of warts occurs during which age bracket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Warts usually clear spontaneously |
|
Definition
| TRUE: 30% clear in 6 months, 65% in 2 years, almost all in 5 years |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 criteria that must be met in order to develop a wart? |
|
Definition
1)HPV present
2)open avenue/abrasion must exist to let in virus
3) person's immune system must be susceptible |
|
|
Term
| Usual incubation period of warts is: |
|
Definition
| 1-24 months (average 3-4) |
|
|
Term
| Warts are transmitted through what 3 mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| person-to-person, fomites, and autoinnoculation |
|
|
Term
| Papillomavirus assembles in the ____ of upper-layer keratinocyets and is then released into the _______ within the stratum corneum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F HPV has a thermosensitive lipid envelope which allows the virus to remain infectious outside of the host for a long time. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: HPV has a very heat-stable protein coat |
|
|
Term
| Scientific name for common warts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scientific name of flat warts or juvenile warts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scientific name of plantar warts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Treatment goals for warts: |
|
Definition
| remove wart with no recurrence; leave no scars; prevent transmission to self or others |
|
|
Term
| T/F Warts on the face can be self-treated with salicylic acid. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: warts on face, toenails, fingernails, or genitalia are excluded from self tx |
|
|
Term
| T/F you can self-treat warts if you are diabetic |
|
Definition
| FALSE: presence of one or more chronic, debilitating condition (diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, etc) exludes from self treatment |
|
|
Term
| T/F it is safe to use salicylic acid treatments for warts while taking immunosupressive medication. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: immunosuppressive medications are an exclusion for self-treatment |
|
|
Term
| ________ is the only drug judged both safe and effective for self-treatment of common or plantar warts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 vehicles/forms of salicylic acid txs for warts |
|
Definition
| Plaster (12-40%), colloidon-like (5-17%), and karya gum-glycol plaster (15%) |
|
|
Term
| It takes ___ to ___ weeks for self-treatment of a wart to be completed using OTC salicylic acid formulations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duofilm is an example of what type of salicylic acid formulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The freezing of a wart to remove it using liquid nitrogen or dimethyl ether or propane is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F liquid nitrogen is available in OTC kits for freezing of warts. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: liquid nitrogen is used by doctors, but propane and dimethyl ether are used OTC |
|
|
Term
| Brand names of home cryogenic wart removal kits: |
|
Definition
| Wartner Wart Removal System; Dr. Scholl's Freeze-away; Compound W Freeze-Off |
|
|
Term
| T/F The occurrence of a blister after home cryotherapy is normal. |
|
Definition
| TRUE. a blister forms underneath the wart and helps the wart to fall off. |
|
|
Term
| T/F It is safe to use salicylic acid treatment on reddened skin. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: do not use salicylic acid on irritated, infected, or reddened skin |
|
|
Term
| This physiological structure connects bones to other bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This physiological structure attaches muscles to bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| injury to a muscle or tendon caused by overuse or improper use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| injury to a ligament caused by joint overextension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolonged muscle spasm that produces painful sensations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F 2nd degree sprain is a complete tearing of tissue |
|
Definition
| FALSE: 1st degree – from excessive stretching; 2nd degree – partial tear; 3rd degree – complete tear of tissue |
|
|
Term
| Treatment goals fo musculoskeletal compliants: |
|
Definition
| decrease intensity and severity of pain, minimize suffering and functional limitations, prevent chronic pain |
|
|
Term
| T/F If you have musculoskeletal pain for more than 2 weeks you should see your PCP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F If muscle pain is accompanied by N/V, fever, or any signs of infection your PCP should be contacted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F if you suspect a fracture is causing musculoskeletal pain and you are in your 2nd trimester of pregnancy, you should contact your PCP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F it is fine to self-treat sprains and strains in children under 7. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
|
|
Term
| In RICE, Ice should be applied in ___ minute increments ___ times per day for up to 72 hours. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If applying ice with compression, you can _____ the bandage to aid in cold transfer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When compressing an ankle, wrap tighlty from the most ____ point of injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An injury should be elevated _____ the level of the heart to decrease swelling and pain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most stress fractures are induced by _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a stress fracture, what part of the bone cracks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F runners can "work out" any leg pains. |
|
Definition
| FALSE! this is a warning sign of damage, not something to be stretched out. |
|
|
Term
| What is the defining symptom of a bone fracture? |
|
Definition
| tenderness with applied pressure (other symptoms are dull and worsening pain when exercising or applying weight, and swelling) |
|
|
Term
| ____% of ankle injuries are sprains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F sprains are common in runners and joggers |
|
Definition
| FALSE more common in contact sports where sharp turns are made |
|
|
Term
| When putting an ice bag on an ankle, keep the ankle in a ______ position. |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexed (foot toward the nose) |
|
|
Term
| T/F when icing an area, apply ice bag in an on for 10 minutes, off for 10 minutes fashion and cover area being treated with a thin cloth to prevent tissue damage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of cold wrap/cold application: |
|
Definition
| ice bag, single use, reusable |
|
|
Term
| treatment goals of exercise-induced injury |
|
Definition
| relieve pain, prevent secondary infection, prevent further injury |
|
|
Term
| Avoid exercise induced injuries by: |
|
Definition
| wearing proper fitting footwear, running on the right surface, using correct posture, stretching first |
|
|
Term
| Exercise-induced injuries that are excluded from self-treatment include: |
|
Definition
| achilles tendonitis, shin splints, stress fractures, intermetatarsal neuritis, and anyone with arthritis diabetes, or vascular disease |
|
|
Term
| T/F pressure ulcers are chronic wounds that do not heal in a timely manner usually due to underlying disease or external factors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Risk factors for pressure ulcers include the elderly, obese, malnourished, incontinent, and immobile. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Names for pressure ulcer include pressure sores, bed sores, or decubitus ulcers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wound stage characterized by no loss of skin layers and reddened, nonblanching unbroken skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wound stage where there is a blister or partial-thickness skin loss and all of the epidermis or part of it is involved. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wound stage including full-thickness skin loss, damage to the epidermis, dermis, and dermal appendages, and may also involve subcutaneous tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wound stage that has more extensive involvement of epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendon, and bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ dressing causes less scarring than gauze dressing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ideal dressing should: |
|
Definition
o Remove excess exudates
o Maintain a moist environment
o Be permeable to oxygen
o Thermally insulate the wound
o Protect the wound form infection
o Be free of particulate or toxic contaminations;
Be able to be removed w/o disrupting delicate new tissue |
|
|
Term
| liquid bandages can be used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Puncture wounds are self treatable. |
|
Definition
| FALSE PCP must be contacted! |
|
|
Term
| type of dressing that offers pt comfort, resistance to bacterial growth, and one-time rapid application with no need for removal |
|
Definition
| Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives |
|
|
Term
| tetanus prophylaxis is important: |
|
Definition
| for More serious wound abrasions and lacerations deserve special attention |
|
|
Term
| hydrocolloid dressings are used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydrogel dressings are used for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The objective in the care of pressure wounds is: |
|
Definition
| to remove dead tissue, debris, and excess exudates to enable optimal wound healing. Close attention should be given to alleviate the cause of these wounds |
|
|
Term
| The ideal wound dressing: |
|
Definition
| absorb excess moisture, maintain moisture, or provide moisture where it is lacking |
|
|
Term
| This dressing type is for use in early inflammatory phase of healing. Soak up exudates so that fewer dressing changes are needed and wound can be disturbed less frequently |
|
Definition
| Dressings that absorb moisture |
|
|
Term
| polyurethane or other polymer that has air bubbles that can fill with and hold fluid. Humid environment further aids healing. Use only when a wet wound exists. May have adhesive borders or waterproof coating on one side. Not for deep cavities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| made of soft tan fibers from rwon seaweed and are more comfortable than foam. Fibers are in flat sheets and highly absobent. They swell and gel and make amoist mass over the wound which requires a secondary dressing and usually an adhesive dressing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorb exudates and wound odor |
|
Definition
| Carbon-impregnated dressings |
|
|
Term
| have several layers including an absorptive one to catch heavy exudates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| waterproof, minimal absorption capacity, contain adhesive material that covers entire dressing to reduce frequency of changes, available in wafer and paste form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transparent thin sheets of polymer coated on one side with adhesive. Waterproof, but breathable to maintain moist wound environment. Used as secondary dressings to secure and provide waterproof cover for other dressings. |
|
Definition
| transparent film dressing |
|
|
Term
| add moisture to wound bed and transfers water to tissues. Amprphous hydrogels are clear and applied directly to wound surface. Gel sheets cover wound and gradually release water cross-linked in the polymer network. Sheets also provide cooling effect that is soothing to painful/inflamed wounds. |
|
Definition
| Amorphous hydrogels and hydrogel sheets |
|
|
Term
| Used to clean wound surface and remove dirt |
|
Definition
| normal saline or bottled water |
|
|
Term
| T/F first-aid antiseptics can be used on broken skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| releases oxygen to help clean areas. Probably not much better than soapy water, and comes with a risk of tissue toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| good bactericidal activity. High irritation at wound so use with caution around wound. Is flammable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| better bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol, still stings if contacts injured area. Also can dry skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Broad antibiotic spectrum wound cleaner. Non irritating to skin and mucous membranes. |
|
Definition
| Providone-Iodine: 9-12% available iodine and 0.001% providone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Any cut on face; Any cut that is gaping open with visible dark red muscle or yellowish fat should probably be closed, even if it is small.
Any cut that is gaping and is larger than ½ cm (or 3/16 of an inch) should probably be closed. Get a ruler and measure it if you are not sure. Cuts smaller than this may not require closure, but if they are gaping, than it is best to have a doctor check out the cut |
|
|
Term
| what is the length of time limit for getting stitches after being injured? |
|
Definition
| Most cuts can generally be closed as long as 24 hours after the accident. Some cuts should be closed sooner, but it is very safe to wait at least 8 hours to have a cut closed. |
|
|
Term
| T/F open wound healing is not ideal because a wound needs to be moist, but air is important once the wound begins to heal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excedrin Migraine contains |
|
Definition
| Acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, diphenhydramine citrate(P.M. formula) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N and V, epigastric distress, aggravation of gout and delayed blood coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 30% methyl salicylate, 10% menthol, carbomer, cetyl esters wax, emulsifying wax, trolamine |
|
|
Term
| difference between counterirritants and analgesics is that: |
|
Definition
| analgesics depress the pain response while counterirritants stimulate nerves on the surface. |
|
|
Term
| the only counterirritants ok for long-term use (and are used tid-qid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most counter-irritants are used for this duration: |
|
Definition
| All other counterirritants besides capsiacin and capsicum are used tid-qid and for up to 7 days |
|
|
Term
| Absorbine, BenGay, Icy Hot Patch, Therapeutic Mineral Ice Gel all contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capzasin, icy hot arthritis gel, zostrix |
|
Definition
| Capsaicin-containing products |
|
|
Term
| Aspercreme, Aspergel, Myoflex, Sportscreme |
|
Definition
| Trolamine salicylate-containing products |
|
|
Term
| How do counterirritants work? |
|
Definition
| when applied to skin at pain sites, a mild, local inflammatory reaction occurs on the surface which is adjacent to the area of pain and this distracts form the sensation of the deep-seated muscle joint or tendon pain. Pain is only strong as the perception of the pain, so the distraction lowers the overall sense of pain |
|
|
Term
| the 2 most commonly used analgesics are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation, tissue formation, and remodeling. |
|
|
Term
| these scars occur when the body "overheals" the injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these scars occur when the skin tightens, often in response to a burn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are red and raised, much like keloid scars, but they do not extend beyond the injury site. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these scars may appear as deep pits or red spots. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dermabrasion, laser surgery, steroid injections, prescription medications, and OTC creams, ointments, and gels. |
|
Definition
| treatment methods for scars |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum number of Excedrin Migraine tablets you can have in a day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you use heat with a sprain? |
|
Definition
| DO NOT use heat until swelling has gone away. |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum length of time you can use ice to control swelling if you've gotten a sprain? |
|
Definition
| If swelling persists after 3 days continue ice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pressure, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
|
|
Term
| What are the active ingredients of Aspercreme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can someone who is sensitive to ASA or on anticoagulant therapy use aspercreme? |
|
Definition
| NO! Aspercreme is contraindicated in people with ASA sensitivity or on anticoagulants. |
|
|
Term
| Dosage and use for Excedrin Migraine? |
|
Definition
| Take 2 tablets at first sign of symptoms. Do not exceed 2 tablets in a 24 hour period. |
|
|
Term
| when should synthroid be taken? |
|
Definition
| Take on an empty stomach (1 hour before eating or 2 hours after eating) and take it around the same time every day. |
|
|
Term
| Why do you need to take Synthroid with a full glass of water? |
|
Definition
| because the tablets expand rapidly causing a choking hazard |
|
|
Term
| if TSH level test shows a high level, what do you do with synthroid dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if TSH level test shows a low level, what do you do with synthroid dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat a wart with duct tape? |
|
Definition
| You should cut a piece of duct tape about the same size and shape of the wart (maybe a little outside the edges of the wart). Leave the tape on the area for at least 6 days for it to work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antiseptic used for minor cuts and abrasions. |
|
|
Term
| How do you apply Neosporin? |
|
Definition
| You can apply the ointment to the bandage.; You can also apply it directly to the wound either by spreading it on with a clean finger (make sure to wash your hands thoroughly afterwards) or by directly applying it from the tube. If the tube touches the wound you should wipe it clean with a tissue. |
|
|
Term
| can you put a bandage over capsiacin containing products? |
|
Definition
| NO! Anything that adds extra heat to the area is not good (i.e. heating pads, hot showers/baths, etc.). It works by depleting substance P. |
|
|
Term
| Should you treat the whole family if one member has pinworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw often do you vacuum and disinfect toilets if a family member has pin worms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the OTC med from Pinworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the RX tx for pinworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of clothing is recommended for someone who has pinworms? |
|
Definition
| tight shorts under one-piece pajamas |
|
|
Term
| HOw are pinworms transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you prevent further pinworm infestations? |
|
Definition
| Prevent further infestation y making sure hands are washed thoroughly and fingernails are scrubbed before eating and after going to the bathroom. Make sure nails are trimmed short. |
|
|
Term
| How do you prevent hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
| Use laxatives to avoid straining – stool softeners and bulk forming laxatives are preferred.; Avoid lifting heavy objects, don’t sit on the toilet for more than 5 minutes at a time, etc. |
|
|
Term
| How do you start benzoyl peroxide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient counseling for benzoyl peroxide? |
|
Definition
| Will stain clothes, carpet, etc; |
|
|
Term
| Is resorcinol used in acne products? |
|
Definition
| Yes, but only in combination products...never alone. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common types of acne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grades of acne require a referral? |
|
Definition
| II-IV (so everything but grade I). II-IV includes papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, and/or scarring |
|
|
Term
| When do you refer an acne patient? |
|
Definition
| Grades II-IV acne, cysts, mechanical irritation or comodogenic drugs, potential rosacea |
|
|
Term
| Types of products to suggest to patients for acne treatment are: |
|
Definition
| recommend benzoyl peroxide, salicyclic acid, sulfur, or sulfur-resorcinol products. If acne does not improve after 6 weeks of proper treatment the patient should be referred |
|
|
Term
| 3 exacerbating factors that might contribute to acne: |
|
Definition
| hygiene, cosmetics, environment |
|
|
Term
| Associated with severe acne vulgaris infections. Much larger acne spots than normally seen. They are very painful and they can last for months. They are large, hard bumps under the skin’s surface. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also associated with severe acne vulgaris infections. Appear similar to nodules but they are filled with pus. They have a diameter of 5mm or more. They can also be very painful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| : Associated with mild to moderate acne vulgaris infections. They occur when the pore is completely blocked, trapping sebum (oil), bacteria, and dead skin cells, causing a white lesion on the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with mild to moderate acne vulgaris infections. Like a whitehead except the pore is only partially blocked. The black color is not caused by dirt. These take longer to clear up |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with mild to moderate acne vulgaris infections. They are inflamed, red, tender bumps with no head. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| : Associated with mild to moderate acne vulgaris infections. It is similar to a whitehead, but it is inflamed. It appears as a red circle with a white or yellow inner dot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with mild to moderate acne vulgaris infections. It is similar to a whitehead, but it is inflamed. It appears as a red circle with a white or yellow inner dot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there caffeine in headache products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much codeine is in Tylenol #3? |
|
Definition
| 30 mg (max daily dose is 360mg) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most sedating of all antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| benadryl (diphenhydramine) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two brand names of buproprion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications for Wellbutrin |
|
Definition
| depression, ADHD, OCD, SAD, GAD |
|
|
Term
| T/F Getting Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever requires a tick bite. |
|
Definition
| FALSE: you can get enough bacteria through your skin to catch it |
|
|
Term
| T/F You catch Lyme disease only through tick bites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you remove a tick? |
|
Definition
| Fine tweezers, held parallel to the skin, do not twist it, pull from the head (if you squeeze from the rear it pushes the contents of the tick into the blood stream). |
|
|
Term
| T/F it is appropriate to remove a tick by applying a lit match or other heat source. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best OTC repellant ingredient for ticks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poisonous spiders we may run into are ____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| brown recluse and black widow |
|
|
Term
| an antivenin/antivenom exists for this North American spider. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should you apply ice to a brown recluse bite? |
|
Definition
| yes. why? it vasoconstricts the area and keeps venom from spreading as much. |
|
|
Term
| Is it common to see prescriptions for pain medication for spider bites? |
|
Definition
| yes, brown recluse bites may be accompanied by a prescription for pain relievers |
|
|
Term
| What treatment is necessary for necrotic tissue associated with a brown recluse bite? |
|
Definition
| If the bite gets necrotic they will debride it and provide an antibiotic to prevent infection. |
|
|
Term
| If a brown recluse bite causes severe, systemic reaction, what is often prescribed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some plants that cause allergic contact dermatitis? |
|
Definition
| poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumac |
|
|
Term
| Can neosporin cause contact dermatitis? |
|
Definition
| yes! Neomycin in the neosporin causes contact dermatitis. |
|
|
Term
| What metal commonly causes contact dermatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is poison ivy an immediate or delayed reaction? |
|
Definition
| delayed. May present weeks after exposure. |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms does poison ivy contact dermatitis present? |
|
Definition
| vesicular lesions and redness usually in a line (from where skin was brushed against the causative agent) |
|
|
Term
| How do you become exposed to poison ivy? |
|
Definition
| direct contact with plant; contact with something with plant oils on it like another person, a pet, an object; plant particles in smoke or mowed/mulched greenery |
|
|
Term
| T/F it is appropriate to use diphenhydramine cream on poison ivy rash with vesicular lesions? |
|
Definition
| FALSE you shouldn't use benadryl cream on broken skin, crusted skin, or blisters |
|
|
Term
| T/F it is OK to use mineral supplements or antacids with azithromycin |
|
Definition
| False..must take antacids or minerals more than 2 hours away from taking azithromycin dose |
|
|
Term
| What prescription medication is the standard treatment for adults with RMSF and Lyme Disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred treatment for Lyme disease in children? |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin or cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred tx for RMSF in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T&A (the medical abbreviation definition) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| well developed, well nourished |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
| mono-, bi-, and tri-cyclic |
|
|
Term
| What type of OC has the same amount of hormone in each pill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of OCs have different amoutns of hormones in each pill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of mono-, bi-, and tri-phasic, which are more similar to a woman's real cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient misses 3 doses of their OC, how should you counsel them? |
|
Definition
| Start a new pack (Melissa's thing says start all over again, and I think this is what she meant) and make sure you are using an alternate form of contraception. |
|
|
Term
| What types of lubricant is safe for use with a latex condom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This extended-cycle OC leaves room for only 1 period per year. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This extended cycle OC has placebo counter pills and leaves room for 4 periods per year. |
|
Definition
| seasonale (generic is quasense) |
|
|
Term
| This extended cycle OC has estrogen containing "counter pills" and leaves room for 4 periods per year. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Nonoxynol-9 is a surfactant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a common spermicide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered the most effective dosage form for spermicides? |
|
Definition
| foams because they cover the area more thoroughly |
|
|
Term
| Are rhythm and calendar methods effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is day 1 of the menstrual cycle? |
|
Definition
| The first day of the monthly period |
|
|
Term
| When is a woman most fertile? |
|
Definition
| 14 days after the first day of the cycle (14 days after the beginning of her period) |
|
|
Term
| When in her cycle is a woman most likely to get pregnant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Implants available in the US include Implanon, Norplant, Norplant II/Jadelle |
|
Definition
| FALSE. Norplant is no longer available inthe US and NorplantII/Jadelle is approved but not yet in use |
|
|
Term
| Where is an implant located? |
|
Definition
| on the insude part of the upper arm in your non-dominant hand arm |
|
|
Term
| What if a woman decides she wants to get pregnant before the implant is no longer effective? |
|
Definition
| The implant can be safely removed and normal fertility will resume in as little as 1 month from removal. |
|
|
Term
| How long does implanon last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does norplant or jadelle last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Ortho-Evra patch can be cut in half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F ORtho-Evra patch should be covered to keep it on if swimming. |
|
Definition
| FALSE never cover the patch! |
|
|
Term
| T/F the patch is less effective than OCs. |
|
Definition
| FALSE the patch and OCs are similarly effective. |
|
|
Term
| T/F The Ortho-Evra patch should always be applied in teh same area |
|
Definition
| FALSE rotate application site with weekly application. good areas for application are buttocks, arm, and lower back |
|
|
Term
| what is the basal body temperature method? |
|
Definition
| a birth control method involving tracking basal temperature every morning to see trends. Generally a woman's temp is lower the day before she starts ovulating. THis works best for trying to conceive, not preventing it. |
|
|
Term
| What are some disadvantages of diaphragms? |
|
Definition
| Woman must go get fitted for it, it can become dislodged during intercourse, toxic shock syndrome, and bladder infections.; It must be placed 2 hours prior to intercourse and it must be taken out 6-8 hours after intercourse |
|
|
Term
| what can change the fit of a diaphragm and how often should fit be checked? |
|
Definition
| Fit should be check by physician at least yearly and can change with birthing or weight fluctuation |
|
|
Term
| How should a diaphragm be stored? |
|
Definition
| wash it after each use and store it dry |
|
|
Term
| T/F Progestin only pills can be taken by nursing women and must be taken at the same time every day to be effective. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normocephalic, atraumatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jugular venous distention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| murmurs, rubs, or gallops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clubbing, cyanosis, or edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alert and oriented to person, place and time (x3 is the rating pt scored on the A&O scale) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep tendon reflex (normal on both sides) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RPR (rapid plasma reagin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANA (antinuclear antibody) |
|
Definition
| test fo autoimmune disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests for rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Term
| T/F Migraines are 3x more common in men than women but occur at the same rate regardless of sex before puberty. |
|
Definition
| FALSE more common in women than men |
|
|
Term
| T/F 70% of migraine patients have a family history of migraines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Sinus headaches can feel like a migraine to a patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of myofascial pain that manifest in response to stress, anxiety, depression, emotional conflicts, fatigue and repressed hostility. Can be caused by tight muscles in upper back, shoulders, and neck. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| migraine triggers include: |
|
Definition
| Stress, fatigue, oversleeping, fasting or missing a meal, vasoactive substance in food, changes in barometric pressure or altitude, medications, hormone fluctiation |
|
|
Term
| Occur with infection or blockade of paranasal sinuses causes inflammation or distention of sensitive sinus wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occur with overuse or rebound and withdrawal of agents used for treatment and can befing within hours of dicontinueance of causative agent and last for up to 3 months; agents include APAP, aspirin, caffeine, triptans, opioids, butalbital and ergotamine |
|
Definition
| medication overuse headache |
|
|
Term
| T/F Chronic tension-type Headache occur at least 15 days per month for at least 6 months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F during a migraine with aura, the aura can last up to 30 minutes and be accompanied by hallucinations or one-sided muscle weakness and headache pain that follows can last for several hours up to 2 days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms usually associated with migraines (with and w/o aura) other than headache or aura include: |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, tinnitus, light-headedness, vertigo, and irritability |
|
|
Term
| T/F migraines can have a prodrome of a burst of energy or fatigue, extreme hunger, and nervousness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F migraines are usually bi-lateral while tension headaches are usually unilateral. |
|
Definition
| FALSE migraines are unilateral. Tension HAs are bi-lateral. |
|
|
Term
| T/F a patient can self-diagnose a migraine. |
|
Definition
| FALSE migraine diagnosis requires consideration by a PCP or neurologist to eliminate other causes like tension or sinus infection |
|
|
Term
| T/F history of liver disease or drinking more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day is an exclusion for self-tx of headaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Patients with a headache lasting for 10 days who have not yet tried OTC treatments are good candidates for self-treatment. |
|
Definition
| FALSE all individuals with headaches lasting 10 days or more (whether or not they have tried medications OTC or not) should be referred. |
|
|
Term
| When should NSAIDs and salicylates be avoided to tx of headache? |
|
Definition
| if you have asthma, nasal polyps, chronic/recurrent GI ulcers, gout, coagulation disorders, or anticoagulant therapy, HBP, CHF, kidney disease or aspirin allergy |
|
|
Term
| T/F patients 10 years and older can take naproxen. |
|
Definition
| FALSE 12 years and up can take naproxen |
|
|
Term
| T/F 12-year-olds can take salicylates for HA |
|
Definition
| FALSE those under 15 and anyone with a viral illness should avoid salicylates. |
|
|
Term
| formulations of acetylated salicylate |
|
Definition
| aspirin (Bayer Aspirin, Ecotrin tablets, Bufferin Tablets), effervescent aspirin solutions (Alka Seltzer) |
|
|
Term
| formulations of nonacetylated salicylates: |
|
Definition
| (magnesium salicylate (Doan's Extra Strength Caplets), choline salicylate (Arthropan Liquid), and sodium salicylate |
|
|
Term
| formulations of acetaminophen |
|
Definition
| Tylenol, FeverAll, Bromoseltzer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ibuprofen – Advil, Motrin, ketoprofen - Orudis, and naproxen – Aleve, Pamprin |
|
|
Term
| complementary therapies for headache: |
|
Definition
| accupuncture (needles on pressure points) and feverfew (herbal, causes rebound headaches after a while) |
|
|
Term
| T/F To optimize outcomes of OTC analgesic use, practioner should instruct pts to take an appropriate dose of analgesic at early onset of HA or before trigger exposure if predictable in migraine sufferers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors indicated in the development of inflamed hemorrhoids include: |
|
Definition
| erect posture, pregnancy, prolonged standing or sitting, lack of dietary fiber, constipations, diarrhea, heavy lifting and straining, heredity |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of minor rectal disorder (hemorrhoids) |
|
Definition
| Itching, Discomfort, Irritation, Burning, Inflammation, Swelling |
|
|
Term
| Signs/symptoms of major anal/rectal disorder: |
|
Definition
| Pain, Bleeding, Seepage, Change in bowel patterns, Prolapse, Thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| when present in hemorrhoids it is often accompanied by mucoid discharge from prolapsing internal hemorrhoids; may be secondary to swelling, diet (caffeine, chocolate, citrus), or broad-spectrum antibiotic use; rarely from psychogenic origins. (often comes from a need to cleanse the area) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| discomfort from hemorrhoids is caused by |
|
Definition
| itching, burning, pain, irritation, inflammation, swelling |
|
|
Term
| greater degree of irritation than that causing itching; often associated with hemorrhoids; sensation may be constant or only at defecation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heat, redness, discoloration, pain, and/or swelling associated with trauma, allergy, or infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temporary enlargement of cells or tissue due to excess fluid associated with hemorrhoids; may be accompanied by pain, burning, and itching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medical assistance in the treatment of hemorrhoids or anal/rectal disorders is needed when: |
|
Definition
| pain, bleeding, seepage, unexplained change in bowel pattern, prolapse, or strangulation occur |
|
|
Term
| self-tx exclusions for hemorrhoids include: |
|
Definition
| no response to OTC tx within 7 days for minor symptoms;under 12; Diagnosed GI disease associated with colorectal bleeding; family history of colon cancer; severe pain; bleeding; seepage; prolapsed; thrombosis; black tarry stools; and moderate to severe itching, burning, inflammation, swelling, and discomfort |
|
|
Term
| Guidelines for applying anorectal products: |
|
Definition
| Cleanse the AA after bowel movement with a mild, nonmedicated, unscented soap and warm water; rinse thoroughly; Gently dry by patting or blotting; apply external or intrarectal product as directed |
|
|
Term
| guidelines for bowel movements and hemorrhoids: |
|
Definition
| Pts should avoid sitting on the toilet for > 5 min to reduce straining and decrease pressures on hemorrhoidal vessels. Avoiding the urge to defecate may lead to constipation and formation of headache |
|
|
Term
| How often should a sitz bath be used for tx of hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
| sit in warm water 2-3x/day for 15min. |
|
|
Term
| Temporarily relieve itching, irritation, burning, discomfort, and pain by reversibly blocking nerve impulse transmission.; Minimal absorption in intact skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local anesthetic agents for tx of hemorrhoids contain what active ingredients? |
|
Definition
| pramoxine 1% (fleet pain-relief pads, tronolane cream, tronothane cream, anusol ointment), benzocaine 20%(americaine) , or dibucaine 1% (nupercainal ointment) |
|
|
Term
| T/F when treating hemorrhoids, it is important to note that products containing benzocaine may cause contact dermatitis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F products containing dibucaine (used to tx hemorrhoids) should be kept away from children because they can cause seizures or cardiorespiratory arrest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor used to treat runny nose and also used in hemorrhoid tx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These patients shouldn't use vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine to treat hemorrhoids: |
|
Definition
| diabetics, HTN pts, enlarged prostate, on antihypertensives, anti depressants, or cardiac meds, thyroid disease, angina |
|
|
Term
| These patients shouldn't use vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine to treat hemorrhoids: |
|
Definition
| diabetics, HTN pts, enlarged prostate, on antihypertensives, anti depressants, or cardiac meds, thyroid disease, angina |
|
|
Term
| Prevent irritation and water loss by forming a physical barrier on the skin ; They can also soften the dry area by decreasing water loss; They can minimize itching, burning, and discomfort in the affected anal area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mineral oil, lanolin oil, petrolatum, cocoa butter, shark liver oil |
|
|
Term
| T/F Glycerin is a protectant used for hemorrhoids that should only be used externally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| astringents to treat hemorrhoids include: |
|
Definition
| Calamine, zinc oxide, or witch hazel |
|
|
Term
| How often can astringents be used to tx hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
| up to 6 times daily or after each BM |
|
|
Term
| They make epidermal surface cells slough off, cause desquamation, and debridement. This helps for applying other medications to tissue underneath.used to temporarily relieve external anorectal discomfort and itching in perianal area associated with hemorrhoidal disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Menthol, juniper tar, and camphor are safe and effective when used externally in the perianal area to treat itching, burning, and minor pain associate with hemorrhoids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Menthol containing products must contain the following warning: “Certain persons can develop allergic reactions to ingredients in this product. If the symptoms being treated do not subside or if redness, irritation, swelling, pain, or other symptoms develop or increase, discontinue use and consult doctor. Extensive application to the trunk of body has caused laryngospasm, dyspnea, and cyanosis; thus, it is important to use anorectal preparations with this ingredient sparingly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in topical form, these act as vasoconstrictors and antipruritics. Has potential to reduce itching and pain by producing lysosomal membrane stabilization and antimitotic activity. Onset may take 12 hrs. but effects are longer |
|
Definition
| corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone is only one approved for OTC use...max 1%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all forms (except prep H hydrocortisone and Prep H medicated wipes) contain the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F In combo products for hemorrhoids, each active ingredient must contribute to the claimed effect, and the combo of active ingredients does not decrease the safety/effectiveness or any active ingredient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pharmacist can recommend the following for tx of hemorrhoids: |
|
Definition
| diet change, bulking agents, increased fluid intake, stool softener sitz baths or shallow tub baths, regular cleansing, local anesthetics and hydrocortisone. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Pyrantel pamoate should be given to pts with pinworms and each of their household members. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exclusions for self-tx of pinworms includes: |
|
Definition
| liver disease; anemia; pregnancy, breast feeding; < 2 y.o. unless PCP has approved OTC tx; Weight < 25 lb. unless PCP has approved; vague symptoms and negative visual inspection; need for repeat dosing; allergy to pyrantel pamoate |
|
|
Term
| HOw often should clothes and bed linens of pinworm sufferers and their families be washed? |
|
Definition
| Wash bed linens, bedclothes, towels, and underwear of the entire family in hot (131 degrees) daily during Tx period. Do NOT shake these -> spreads eggs. |
|
|
Term
| T/F sunlight can destroy pinworm eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only OTC approved for pinworm tx is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THis is a Depolarizing neuromuscular agent that paralyzes worms and loosens them from intestinal wall so they pass out in stool before they can lay eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dosing of pyrantel pamoate |
|
Definition
| Dose based on body weightà5mg/lb or 11mg /kg for adult or child; Max single dose is 1G ; Dose same for child under 2 or under 25 lbs but only use if directed by Dr. |
|
|
Term
| rx alternatives to pyrantel pamoate: |
|
Definition
| Vermox (mebendazole) and Albenza (albendazole) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Benzoyl peroxide is the most effective, and widely used nonprescription medication for noninflammatory acne. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Salicylic acid (0.5%-2%) sulfur (3%-8%) or a combo of sulfur and resorcinol (2%), or sulfur and resorcinol monoacetate (3%), are safe and effective treatments for acne. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Benzoyl Peroxide is bactericidal and can be used 1-2 times daily to treat acne. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bnzoyl peroxide products for acne tx |
|
Definition
| most have oxy in their name (oxy 10, benoxyl 5, dryox, and also clearasil vanishing acne treatment cream...which is the only clearasil that isn't a salicylic acid product) |
|
|
Term
| Salicylic Acid Products to tx acne |
|
Definition
| Most of the clearasils, PROPApH, and stridex pads |
|
|
Term
| sulfur products to tx acne |
|
Definition
| most have sul or sulf in them (acne lotion 10, liquimat, sulmasque, sulpho-lac) |
|
|
Term
| Triclosan containing products for daily skin care in acne pts: |
|
Definition
| clearasil daily wash and cleansing soap, stri-dex foaming wash and herbal wash |
|
|
Term
| how do you test for sensitivity to benzoyl peroxide? |
|
Definition
| To determine sensitivity to the product, limit initial applications to one or two small areas at the 2.5% concentration; Leave on the skin for only 15 minutes; then wash off.; If no discomfort, increase the time of benzoyl peroxide that is left on the skin in 15 minute increments as tolerance allows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buproprion hcl, for depression, no dose should exceed 150 mg, but adult dose is usually 100 mg tid |
|
|
Term
| T/F It is ok to crush or chew wellbutrin tablets. |
|
Definition
| FALSE cannot crush or chew either SR or XL tablets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Wet compresses of aluminum acetate soothes and dries weeping lesions from allergic contact dermatitis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Itching from contact dermatitis can be relieved with hydrocortisone, calamine lotion, and colloidal oatmeal baths. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Hydropel and Hollister Moisture Barrier Cream claim to prevent ICD when applied before contact with an irritant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exclusions for self tx of reaction to poison ivy/sumac/oak |
|
Definition
| under 2yrs; >25% of body covered; dermatitis present for over 2 weeks; lots of bullae and vesicles present, eyes or genitals affected; swelling of the body or extremeties; mucous membranes involved |
|
|
Term
| T/F You can use ointments on open or weeping bullae/vesicles. |
|
Definition
| FALSE do not use ointment on these. only cream! |
|
|
Term
| T/F shake lotions should be used on weeping rashes or rashes with open vesicles |
|
Definition
| FALSE use shake lotions on closed vesicles/non weeping rash only |
|
|
Term
| T/F fluid from vesicles on poison ivy rash will spread the rash to other areas |
|
Definition
| FALSE rash is due to the oils from the plant and it is usually long gone before vesicles form and burst. Fluid from vesicles can irritate skin, though |
|
|
Term
| T/F Hydrocortisone is the most effective form of topical therapy for relief of poison ivy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein precipitants, used to stop or reduce oozing, fluid release. They promote drying of poison ivy rashes |
|
Definition
| astringents (witch hazel, calamine, sodium bicarbonate, zinc oxide, zinc acetate, aluminum acetate) |
|
|
Term
| T/F topical antihistamines should be used with caution on poison ivy rashes because they can cause irritation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aluminum sulfate formulations for use in poison ivy tx |
|
Definition
| bluboro and domeboro powders |
|
|
Term
| benzyl alcohol formulations for tx of poison ivy |
|
Definition
| all the Ivy dry/Ivy block and Ivy super dry formulations |
|
|
Term
| T/F Dermatitis from poison ivy exposure will clear up with or without treatment in 14-21 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F hydrocortisone preps can be used tid-qid for up to 7 days to tx insect bites, but shouldn't be used on fungus, bacterial infections, or scabies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F calamine and zinc oxide are skin protectants used to reduce irritation to insect bites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Zmax and zithromax are interchangeable |
|
Definition
| FALSE Zmax is extended release and is NOT interchangeable with immediate release forms. |
|
|
Term
| T/F reconstituted forms of zithromax require refrigeration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Zithromax induces action of CYP3A4 |
|
Definition
| false is a substrate of 3A4 and INHIBITS 3A4 action because of this |
|
|
Term
| Normal dose for DepoProvera |
|
Definition
| 150mg IM every 3 months given during the 1st 5 days of period or 1st 5 days postpartum if not breast-feeding or during 6th week postpartum if breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone mineral density loss (BBwarning) |
|
|
Term
| What causes weight gain with oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
| Weight gain is associated with oral contraceptives because the sex steroids in the pills causes fluid retention. It's not real weight, because eventually the kidneys will catch up over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OCs are used for contraception, infertility (to reduce endometriosis), regulation of periods, and sometimes PMDD/PMS/or acne. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Women who smoke, especially those who are over 35 should be advised against taking oral contraceptives… smoking increases your chance of having heart problems. Blood clots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patchy darkening of skin on the face sometimes associated with OCs |
|
|
Term
| T/F POLYURETHANE CONDOMS MORE LIKELY TO BREAK OR SLIP THAN LATEX CONDOMS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Most common cause of failure with condoms is lack of consistent, proper use. |
|
Definition
| true. failure rate 2% if perfect, 15% typically, but practice makes perfect! many errors are due to inexperience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IUD contains copper and is effective for 12 years. increases period length and flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IUD releases a small amount of progestin (a hormone) and is effective for five years. decreases period length and flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most inexpensive long – term and reversible form of birth control you can get. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rhythm method is based on these three ideas |
|
Definition
| Firstly, that women ovulate 14 days before menstruation begins, give or take two days. Secondly, that sperm can survive inside a woman for three days. And lastly, that an egg can only be fertilized within 24 hours of being released from the ovaries. |
|
|
Term
| The only vaginal delivery system for hormonal contraception. Contains Ethinyl Estradiol and etonogestrel. Same risks and effectiveness as OCs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patch (ORthoEvra) works in these 3 ways: |
|
Definition
| Prevents eggs from being released from the ovaries; Thickens the cervical mucus preventing the sperm from reaching the egg.; Changes the lining of the uterus preventing implantation |
|
|
Term
| T/F The patch exposes a woman to more than 60% more estrogen than the birth control pill, therefore can lead to increased risks such as blood clots, strokes and heart attacks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emergency contraceptive pills (2 of them) containing 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel. available to people 17 and over OTC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develops within 6 – 12 months of menarche, generally affecting women during their teens and early 20s. This type occurs during ovulatory cycles; therefore, its prevalence increases between early and older adolescence as the regularity of ovulation increases. Prevalence decreases after the age of 25. |
|
|
Term
| T/F During the last trimester of pregnancy, uterine adrenergic nerves disappear and only a portion regenerate after childbirth, thus dysmenorrhea disappears for many women after childbirth. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| occurs after age 25; not associated with menses; irregular menstrual cycles, mneorrhagia, history of PID |
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Term
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Definition
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