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Definition
| study of different governments and how they compare to each other, political theory, how that theory is put into action, and how governments interact with each othe |
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| 4 disciplines of political science |
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Definition
1. history
2. sociology
3. anthropology
4. economics |
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| 4 purposes of any government |
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Definition
1. Ensuring national security
2. Providing public services
3. Ensuring social order
4. Making decisions on the economy |
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| 4 main theories on the origin of the state |
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Definition
1. Evolutionary
2. Force
3. Divine Right
4. Social contract |
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| theory that the state evolved form the family with the head of state equivalent to the family's matriarch or patriarch |
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| theory that one person or group of people brought everyone in an area under their control, forming the first government |
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| theory that certain people were chosen by the prevailing deity to be the rules of the nation, which is created by the deity or deities |
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theory that there is no natural order
-people allow themselves to be governed to maintain order, while the state in turn promises to protect the people they govern |
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| What were Aristotle and Plato's beliefs regarding political science? |
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Definition
they believed political science would lead to more order
-organized order creates just and stable societies |
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believed individuals have certain rights and duties
-these rights and duties determine the type and extent of government rule
-laws should limit the role of government |
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writer of The Prince
proposed politics was based solely on power |
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writer of Leviathan (1650)
individuals lives were focused solely on a quest for power
-state must control this urge
-people were completely unable to live harmoniously without the intervention of the government |
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writer of the Two Treatises of Government
-tabula rasa: people are born with minds that are a blank slate and experience mold these minds
-men are essentially good |
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influenced the French Revolution
-government policies and ideas should change to alleviate existing problems |
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| Works/writings of Rousseau (2) |
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Definition
The Social Contract
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Citizen |
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| 4 ideas of Montesquieu and Rousseau |
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Definition
1. Individual freedom and community welfare
2. man's innate goodness leads to natural harmony
3. reason develops with the rise of civilized society
4. individual citizens carry obligations to the existing government |
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believed politics main goal was maintaining the greatest happiness of the greatest number
empiricism-ideas should not be believed until proof has been observed |
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| believed in progressive policies, such as women's suffrage, emancipation, and the development of labor organizations and farming cooperatives |
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Definition
| supported a form of liberalism grounded largely in socialism and sense of nationalism |
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| 4 main political orientations |
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Definition
1. Liberal
2. Conservative
3. Moderate
4. Libertarian |
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Term
6 principles of government
(outlined in the U.S. constitution) |
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Definition
1. federalism
2. popular sovereignty
3. separation of powers
4. judicial review
5. checks and balances
6. limited government |
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Term
| 3 powers delegated to the US government |
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Definition
1. expressed powers
2. implied powers
3. inherent powers |
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Definition
power of the government does not belong entirely to the national government
-power is divided between national and state governments |
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| government determined by the people and gets its power and authority from the people |
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| government divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial |
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| courts at all levels of government can declare laws invalid if they contradict the constitutions of individual states or the US constitution |
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| no single branch can act without input from another |
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| governmental powers are limited and certain individual rights are defined inviolable by the government |
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powers directly defined by the constitution
e.g. make money, declare war, collect taxes, regulate commerce |
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| powers the national government must have in order to carry out the expressed powers |
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| powers not expressly defined in the constitution |
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| 2 main factions regarding issue of federalism |
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Definition
1. states rights
2. nationalist |
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Term
| 3 major effects federalism has on U.S. public policy |
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Definition
1. determining whether the local, state, or national government originates policy
2. affecting how policies are made
3. ensuring policy-making functions under a set of limitations |
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| 3 ways federalism influences political balance of power in the U.S. |
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Definition
1. making it difficult and impossible for one party to seize total power
2. ensuring that individuals can participate in the political system at various levels
3. making it possible for individuals working within the system to be able to affect policy at some level |
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Term
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Definition
1. legislative: house and senate- all elected
2. executive: president, vice president, advisors and cabinet
-advisors and cabinet appointed by president, confirmed by the senate
3. judicial branch: federal court system, headed by the Supreme Court |
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| major responsibilities of legislative branch |
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Definition
law making: laws must be approved by Congress
-regulating money and trade
-approving presidential appointments
-establishing organizations like the postal service and federal courts
-can propose amendments to constitution
-can impeach or bring charges to the President
-ONLY congress can declare war |
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| Responsibilities of executive branch |
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Definition
-carries out laws, treaties, and war declarations enacted by congress
-president can veto bills by congress
-president is commander-in-chief of the U.S. military |
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| Responsibilities of the judicial branch |
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Definition
-makes decisions on challenges as to whether laws passed by congress meet requirements of the constitution
-review decisions made by lower courts to determine their constitutionality |
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| 5 duties of an American citizen |
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Definition
1. paying taxes
2. loyalty to U.S. government
3. support and defend the constitution
4. serve in armed forces as required by law
5. obeying laws set forth in various levels of government |
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| 4 responsibilities of an American citizen |
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Definition
1. voting in elections
2. respecting one another's rights and not infringing upon them
3. staying informed on current political and national issues
4. respecting one another's beliefs |
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| first ten amendments of the U.S. constitution, prevent the government from infringing upon certain freedoms: speech, religion, bear arms, assembly |
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Term
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Definition
1. freedom of speech, press, and the right to assemble
2. right to bear arms
3. cannot house troops
4. protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
5. no testifying against self, cannot be tried twice for the same crime
6. right to criminal trial by jury and an attorney
7. right to civil trial by jury
8. no excessive bail, no cruel and unusual punishment
9. prevents absence of rights not explicitly stated in the Constitution from being interpreted as a reason to have them taken away
10. rights not delegated to the national government or not directly prohibited, belong to the states and to the people |
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Term
| Which amendments protect the rights of criminals and those accused of crimes |
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Definition
fourth amendment
fifth amendment
sixth amendment
eight amendment |
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| Brown vs. Board of Education |
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Definition
| declared separate but equal as unconstitutional |
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| 6 issues in today's political climate |
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Definition
1. women's rights
2. affirmative action
3. homosexual rights
4. compensation for minorities pas discrimination
5. public's right to know vs national security
6. public right to privacy vs national security |
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| Who could vote during early years of America's history (circa 1790s)? |
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Definition
| white male property owners |
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Definition
| 1870: suffrage to former slaves |
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| 1971: 18 years now voting age |
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| What 1892 innovation privatized the voting process? |
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| government where two parties compete for power and influence |
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| government defined by that one party and all policy based on that party's beliefs |
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| government where 3 or more parties come to agreements to form a majority and shift the balance of power |
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| 3 sets of major parties in U.S. History |
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Definition
1. Federalists and Democratic Republicans
2. Democrats and Whigs
3. Democrats and Republicans |
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| 4 activities of individual parties |
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Definition
1. recruiting and backing for officers
2. discussing various issues with public
3. working toward compromise difficult decisions
4. staffing government office and providing administrative support |
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Term
| 4 processes for candidates |
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Definition
1. Nominating conventions
2. Caucuses
3. Primary elections
4. Petitions |
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| 4 political activities for American citizens |
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Definition
1. participating in local government
2. participating in caucuses
3. volunteering to help political parties
4. Running for election to local, state, or national offices |
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Term
| 3 sources of campaign funding |
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Definition
1. candidate's personal funds
2. donations by individuals
3. special interest groups |
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| What is the most significant source of campaign funding? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
all government should be eliminated and that individuals should govern themselves
-have used violence and assassination in history |
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Term
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Definition
based on class conflict, revolution, and a one-party system
-ideally: single government and controlling the production and flow of goods |
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Term
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| rule by a single individual and tend to rule with violence and repressive police force to control the populace |
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Definition
one single leader and ideologically opposite to communism
-single party
-cult of personality
-expansion and conquering of nations |
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Term
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Definition
government led by king or queen
-position hereditary
-rulers are not elected |
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Term
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Definition
king and queen still exist as figure heads
-most decisions made by institutions like parliament |
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Term
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Definition
legislature and political parties
president is head of state and government
-direct or indirect elections
-president does not have to be from major party |
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Definition
state controls the production and goods, but does not own all means of production
-social services to citizens
-helps guide the economy |
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Definition
system of govt where the government control everything from production, press, religion, and other institutions
-all aspect conform to ideals of government |
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Definition
| government with widespread state authority, but do NOT dismantle all institutions |
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| All totalitarian governments are ______________, but NOT all authoritarian governments are ___________. |
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Definition
| authoritarian, totalitarian |
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Definition
government system has legislature and many parties
-Prime Minister is head of dominant party
-head of state can be elected or taken by a monarch |
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| government system where people elect their representatives |
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| each issue or election is decided by a vote where each individual is counted separately |
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legislature that votes on issues that affect large number of people whom the legislative members represent
-can exist as a parliamentary system or presidential system |
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| theory that states that nations are by naturally aggressive, and work in their own self interests |
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| states can cooperate and that they act based on capabilities rather than power |
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institutions provide structure and incentive for cooperation among nations
-institutions help distribute power and determine how nations with interact |
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| based on international cooperation, but recognizes that perceptions countries have of each other can affect their relations |
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| goals, policies, and strategies that determine how an individual nation with interact with other countries |
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| Example of U.S. foreign policy |
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Definition
| isolationism vs internationalism |
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| Who defines US foreign policy? |
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Definition
| Congress and current president |
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| US government department that carries out policy, negotiates treaties, maintains diplomatic relations, assists citizens in foreign countries, and ensures that the president is involved on international issues |
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| largest executive department in the US, supervises the armed forces and provides assistance to the president in his role as commander in chief |
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| Two types of international organizations |
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Definition
1. intergovernmental organization (IGO)
2. nongovernmental organization (NGO) |
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| intergovernmental organization |
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Definition
made up of members from various national governments
-treaties among member nations determined by the functions and powers of these groups
-example: UN |
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| nongovernmental organization |
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Definition
lies outside the scope of the government and usually supported by private donations
-example: International Red Cross: not affiliated with any country or government |
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Definition
individuals who reside in foreign countries in order to maintain communications between that country and their home country
-negotiate trade agreements, environmental policies, and information to foreign governments |
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| help from international policies by hosting representatives of various countries who then provide input into policy decisions |
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