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PRAXIS II
PRAXIS II study cards
75
Education
Undergraduate 4
09/22/2009

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Cards

Term
What Bloom's Taxonomy was made for
Definition
There is more than one type of learning
Term
Bloom's Learning Domains
Definition

Cognitive

Affective

Pyschomotor

Term
Cognitive Domain
Definition
Knowledge or mental skills
Term
Affective Domain
Definition
Attitude or feeling about learning
Term
Psychomotor Domain
Definition
Actual skills or the physical part
Term
Cognitive Domain Categories (6)
Definition

Knowledge

Comprehension

Application

Analysis

Synthesis

Evaluation

Term
Knowledge as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Simple recall of information
Term
Comprehension as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Understanding the meaning of what you learned and interpreting it into your own words.
Term
Application as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Using the concept in a new way
Term
Analysis as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Separates the concept into its parts, understanding why each part is there.
Term
Synthesis as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Combining the concept with something else, or building up on the concept to create a whole new meaning
Term
Evaulation as a cognitive domain category
Definition
Judging the idea or material
Term
Madeline Hunter
Definition
A direct instruction theorist who dealt with lesson planning
Term
Hunter's Lesson plan components (8)
Definition

Anticipation

Objectives

Teaching (input)

Modeling

Guiding Practice

Monitoring

Independent practice

Closure

Term
Piaget Theory
Definition
Theory of Cognitive Development
Term
Piaget's Stages
Definition

Sensorimotor

Pre Operational

Concrete Operational

Formal Operational

Term

Sensorimotor Stage

(age)

(characteristics-5)

Definition

birth-2 years

Experience the world through senses, egocentric, oral fixation, things happen accidentally, start to exhibit object permanance

Term

Pre-Operational Stage

(age)

(characteristics-5)

Definition

2-7 years

magical thinking, get motor skills, still exhibits egocentrism, can't conserve, no logical thinking

Term

Concrete Operational Stage

(age)

(characteristics-4)

Definition

7-12 years

Begin to think logically, think concretely, can conserve, egocentrism ends

Term

Formal Operational

(age)

(characteristics-2)

 

Definition

12+ years

develops abstract reasoning, can think logically

Term
Johnson and Johnson Theory
Definition
Cooperative Learning: students work together to help one another understand concepts.  Sink and swim together, but each has to contribute to do well.
Term
Holdaway and Clay Theory
Definition
Positive effects on keeping records of students oral language and provide opportunities for shared, individualized, and guided reading
Term
Syntax
Definition
sentence structure
Term
Semantics
Definition
Meanings of words
Term
Properties of Math
Definition

Associative

Communitive

Distributive

Term
Associative Properties of Math
Definition

In addition and multiplication, you can group numbers any way you want and still get the same answer.

Ex: 2+(3+5)= (2+3)+5

Term
Communitive Properties of Math
Definition

In addition and multiplication, you can arrange numbers any way you want, you get the same number.

Ex: 2 x 3 = 3 x 2

Term
Distributive Properties of Math
Definition

Multiplication distributes over addition

Ex: 2(3+4) = 2x3+ 2x4

 

Term
Algorithim
Definition
A standard procedure in solving math problems: universally followed.
Term
Stanine Scores
Definition
Divides the score scale into 9 parts
Term
Jigsaw Method
Definition
Breaking material into smaller units, allowing discussion and analysis students assemble the parts as they are taught the section by fellow students
Term
Think-Pair-Share
Definition

A cooperative discussion strategy where:

-The teacher provokes student THINKING

-You get PAIRED with another student

-Students SHARE what they think about the subject

Term
Norm Referenced tests
Definition
Being compared to classmates or peers on tests
Term
Criterion Referenced Tests
Definition
Being compared to a set of criteria that has already been made- lesson objectives, checklists
Term
Token Economy
Definition
A behavior modification system where when a good behavior has been done, students are rewarded with a token they can exchange for something they want
Term
Diagonstic Perscriptive Method
Definition
Constant evaluation where the role of the learner is to provide feedback and input on instruction methods and/or learning strategies that may or may not be working. 
Term
Empirical Approach
Definition
Knowledge someone gains by experiences-knowing something but not exactly knowing why you know it
Term
Area of a triangle
Definition
1/2bh
Term
Area of a rectangle and square
Definition
bh
Term
Whole language approach
Definition
Literacy instruction that had students learned by "look-say" or sight reading.  The teacher reads aloud the to the stuents multiple times until the student begins to reocgnie words.
Term
Spaulding Method
Definition
Teaching students to write in order to teach them how to read
Term
What you learn first in the Spalding Method
Definition
Phonograms
Term
Rebus Method
Definition
Helps children read a story before they can decphier print.  A picture substitutes for a word
Term
Collegial
Definition
power and authority separated among collegues
Term
Alternate form reliability
Definition
Changing the wording of survey questions or changing the order of the questions
Term
test-retest reliability
Definition
administer the same test to the same people but on separate occasions
Term
Sequencing
Definition
A way of instructing in which the order and organization of material goes from simple to complex
Term
Multisensory
Definition
a type of instruction and classroom interaction which actively utilizes all of the senses in learning
Term
Who usually benefits from multisensory activities?
Definition
Disabled students
Term
Rogers and Maslow believed in what approach?
Definition
Humanistic approach 
Term
The humanistic approach believes? (Rogers and Maslow)
Definition
You grow out of what you are and what you want to be.  The way you behave is subjective: you choose how you want to be and are that.
Term
Split-half reliability
Definition
a test is split in two and the scores for each half of the test is compared with one another. If the test is consistent it leads the experimenter to believe that it is most likely measuring the same thing.
Term
Projective test
Definition
A test-taker is asked to give answers to ambigous pictures, words, or scenes: 
Term
What is an example of a projective test?
Definition
inkblot
Term
Hertzberg Theory
Definition
Hygiene-Motivation theory: people need to feel safe and not in pain and they need to be able to grow.
Term
Jung Theory
Definition
mphasized understanding thepsyche through exploring the worlds of dreams, art, mythology, religion and philosophy. He also believed in peace and harmony and thought people focused too much on science.
Term
What did Lovaas do?
Definition
He was one founder of the Applied Behavior Analysis therapy for autism.
Term
Kohlberg Theory is in what?
Definition
Moral development
Term
Kohlberg's belief of Moral development
Definition
hat the process of moral development was principally concerned with justice, and that it continued throughout the individual's lifetime.  children learned through stages, proceeding to each step
Term
Bandura Theory
Definition
Social Learning theory that says people learn from each other through observation, imitation, and modeling
Term
Finding the volume of a cube
Definition
lwh
Term
How many oz are in 1 c?
Definition
8
Term
C in a gal?
Definition
16 cups
Term
oz into lbs
Definition
16 ounces 
Term
What is discovery learning?
Definition
question based learning where the student interacts with the world by exploring and manipulating objects, wrestling with questions and controversies, or performing experiments.
Term
Running records
Definition
A running record allows you to assess a student's reading performance as she/he reads from a benchmark book.
Term
How long is a term for a senator
Definition
6 years
Term
Representative term?
Definition
2 years
Term
Interest Inventory
Definition
Informal reading test that shows the amount of interest a student has in reading
Term
Dewey is known for?
Definition
Believing in progressive education: students come to school to do real world tasks in order to learn
Term
Ravitch is known for?
Definition
Educational policies in standards and multicultural education
Term
Bruner is known for?
Definition
His belief in constructivism and believing that you learn through discovery
Term
Rousseau is known for?
Definition
His belief that children are born ready to learn, it just depends on their surroundings
Term
Pestalozzi is known for?
Definition
his studies in sensory education
Term
Flavell is best known for?
Definition
His beliefs in metacognition
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