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Praxis 2 - 5015 Elementary Education
Elementary Education: Instructional Practice and Applications (Ongoing)
65
Education
Undergraduate 4
03/09/2013

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Cards

Term
Phonological Awareness
Definition
(BROAD)Identifying and manipulating larger parts of spoken language, such as words, syllabus, onsets & rimes, and phonemes.
Term
Phonemic awareness
Definition
(Specific) Ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. Sub-category of phonological awareness.
Term
Rhyming awareness
Definition
Ability to find words that have the same sounds at the end.
Term
Phonemes
Definition
Smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words.

Example - If has two phonemes (/i/ /f/).
Term
Phoneme Segmentation
Definition
- Breaking words into their individual phonemes (sounds) -> Segmenting words
- Also segmenting when children break words into syllables and syllables into onsets & rimes.
Term
Phoneme Blending
Definition
Combining individual phonemes to form words.
Term
Phoneme Deletion
Definition
Recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is REMOVED from another word.
Term
Phoneme Substitution
Definition
SUBSTITUTING (replacing) one phoneme for another to make a new word.
Term
Phoneme Addition
Definition
Make a new word by ADDING a phoneme to an existing word.
Term
Phoneme Manipulation
Definition
Blending, segmenting, deleting, adding, or substituting phonemes in words.
Term
Phonics
Definition
Understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes
Term
Graphemes
Definition
Letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language.
Term
Alphabetic principle
Definition
Understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds.
Term
Orthography
Definition
Spelling patterns
Term
Morphology
Definition
Structural analysis
Term
Syllabication
Definition
Forming and dividing words into syllables
Term
Onset
Definition
Phonemes or letters before the first vowel.
Ex. - Cat Onset - C
Term
Rime
Definition
The phonemes of the remaining part of the word after the first vowel.
Ex. - Cat Rime - at
Term
Decoding
Definition
Using letter patterns in a known word to figure out an unfamiliar word.
Term
Word families
Definition
Groups of words that have a common feature or pattern - they have some of the same combinations of letters in them and a similar sound.

Ex. Cat, Hat, Bat -> Same "at" letters and (/a/ /t/) sound.
Term
Explicit, systematic phonics instruction
Definition
Provides practice with letter-sound relationships in a predetermined sequence. Children learn to use these relationships to decode words that contain them.
Term
Automaticity
Definition
Fast, effortless word recognition that comes with a great deal of reading practice. Refers ONLY to accurate, speedy word recognition.
Term
Spelling Rules
Definition
(Too broad.)
Term
Nonsense word fluency
Definition
A standardized, individually administered test of the alphabetic principle - including letter-sound correspondence in which letters represent their most common sounds and of the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds
Term
Running Records
Definition
A tool using a standard set of symbols to analyze a student's reading process by recording the reader's oral reading and then marking the oral reading performance.
Term
Informal Reading Inventories (IRIs)
Definition
An informal assessment that measures print and meaning processing on a series of graded passages establishing independent, instructional, or frustration level.
Term
Fluency
Definition
The ability to read a text accurately and quickly. Students read WITH expression.
Term
Automaticity (REVIEW TIME!)
Definition
Fast, effortless word recognition that comes with a great deal of reading practice. Refers ONLY to accurate, speedy word recognition. Does not care about reading with expression.
Term
Read-alouds
Definition
When a teacher or student reads orally either to a group or to a specific person.
Term
Prosody
Definition
The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech.
Term
Rate
Definition
(Too broad!)
Term
Accuracy
Definition
Reading the material with few errors.
Term
Sight Words
Definition
Words that students can recognize rapidly. The first words they learn to recognize.
Term
Repeated Readings
Definition
The student reads through a passage repeatedly, silently or aloud, and receives help with reading errors.
Term
Choral Readings
Definition
Reading aloud as a group.
Term
Echo Readings
Definition
Teacher reads first and the students read immediately after the teacher.
Term
Readability Levels
Definition
It is the book's level. It measures
the textual difficulty of a book and is determined by a readability formula.
Term
Readers' Theater
Definition
Dramatic interpretation of a play script through oral interpretive reading. The story theme and character development are conveyed through intonation, inflection, and fluency of oral reading.
Term
Instant Word Recognition
Definition
Identifying words with speed and accuracy.
Term
Running Records (REVIEW TIME!)
Definition
A tool using a standard set of symbols to analyze a student's reading process by recording the reader's oral reading and then marking the oral reading performance.
Term
Miscue Analysis
Definition
Usually goes with running records! An assessment tool for examining miscues (mistakes) in order to analyze cueing patterns.
Term
Vocabulary
Definition
Term
Sight words
Definition
Term
High-frequency words
Definition
Term
Word walls
Definition
Term
Word sorts
Definition
Term
Structural analysis
Definition
Term
Semantics
Definition
Term
Categorizing
Definition
Term
Expressive Vocabulary
Definition
Term
Receptive Vocabulary
Definition
Term
Content Area Vocabulary
Definition
Term
Academic Vocabulary
Definition
Term
Word-learning strategies
Definition
Term
Graphic organizers
Definition
Term
Concept maps
Definition
Term
Linear arrays
Definition
Term
Context clues
Definition
Term
Cloze activities
Definition
Term
Similies
Definition
Term
Metaphors
Definition
Term
Analogies
Definition
Term
Idioms
Definition
Term
Informal speech
Definition
Term
Informal writing
Definition
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