Term
White
Variant of normal
Stretch tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Shaggy buccal mucosa
No tx necessary
Mouthguard |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Hard palate
Numerous papules with central red dot
Not premalignant
No treatment
Biopsy suspicious areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Vestibule
Wrinkled, rippled
Not premalignant
Should resolve within 6 wks of cessation
Stretch mucosa to look for suspicious areas |
|
Definition
| Smokeless tobacco keratosis |
|
|
Term
White and Red
Tongue
White scalloped borders
Red patches
Treat if symptomatic (corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Soft plaques that can be wiped off
Red and eroded tissue beneath
Causes: antibiotics, steroids, diabetes, immunodeficiency, xerostomia
Treatment: Mild - Peridex
Otherwise: Mycelex troches, Diflucan tablets, Nystatin ointments if underneath denture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Near source of irritation
Not a true leukoplakia
Tx: remove source of irritation
Biopsy if it doesn't resolve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White
Lateral tongue
Parallel, bilateral vertical lines of hyperkeratosis
EBV related
HIV positive or immunocompromised patients
If immune status known - diagnose on appearance
If unsure: cytologic smear or biopsy |
|
Definition
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Differential: morsicatio linguarum, cinnamon stomatitis |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple leukoplakias
Older females
Persist and recur after treatment
Increased risk for carcinoma
Treatment: debated, laser/surgical,COX-2 inhibitors |
|
Definition
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL)
Differential: Uremic stomatitis, white sponge nevus, HBID, pachyonychia congenita, dyskeratosis congenita, Darier's disease |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple
Painful
Renal failure pts
Breath smells of ammonia
Tx: diluted hydrogen peroxide rinses, palliative |
|
Definition
Uremic stomatitis
Differential: PVL, white sponge nevus, HBID, pachyonychia congenita, dyskeratosis congenita, darier's disease |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple
Buccal mucosa and other sites
Diffuse, thickened, corrugated
No treatment
Present at birth or young age |
|
Definition
White sponge nevus (Canon's disease)
Differential: PVL, uremic stomatitis, HBID, pyonychia congenita, dyskeratosis congenita, Darier's disease |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple lesions
Buccal mucosa and other sites
Thickened, corrugated
Ocular lesions worse in spring
Appear in early childhood
Tri-racial group (inherited)
Refer to ophthamologist |
|
Definition
HBID (Hereditary benign intraepithelial dysplasia)
Differential: WHITE SPONGE NEVUS, uremic stomatitis, PVL, pachyonychia congenita, dyskeratosis congenita, Darier's disease |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple thickened plaques
Dorsolateral tongue, other sites
Tubular nails in infancy, lost later in life
Palmar-plantar keratosis, blisters in warm weather
Neonatal teeth (w/o oral lesions)
No treatment |
|
Definition
Pachyonychia Congenita
Differential: DARIER'S DISEASE, PVL, Uremic stomatitis, HBID, White sponge nevus, dyskeratosis congenita |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple
Premalignant lesions
Reticular skin hyperpigmentation
Dystrophic nail changes, aplastic anemia
Mental retardation
Tx: close monitoring of oral lesions |
|
Definition
Dyskeratosis congenita
Differential: PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, PVL, Uremic stomatitis, HBID, white sponge nevus, Darier's disease |
|
|
Term
White
Multiple
Normal to white colored
Cobblestone appearance
Red, rough, pruritic papules of skin in young adulthood
Lesions may smell bad (summer)
Palmar-plantar keratosis, nail changes
No treatment for oral lesions
Inherited condition |
|
Definition
Darier's Disease
Differential: nicotine stomatitis, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, pachyonychia congenita |
|
|
Term
White
Lichenoid
Diagnosis on clinical appearance
Purple, pruritic, polygonal cutaneous papules
Autoimmune mediated |
|
Definition
Reticular Lichen Planus
Differential: Erosive lichen planus, lichenoid mucositis, GVHD, SLE |
|
|
Term
Red/White
Gingiva, mucosa
Ulcerated lesions surrounded by lacy white lines
Desqaumative gingivitis (most common cause)
Evaluate tissue for presence of true leukoplakia
Tx: corticosteroids, biopsy for evaluation |
|
Definition
Erosive Lichen Planus
Differential: BMMP, Pemphigus vulgaris, SLE, plasma cell gingivitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Leukemia |
|
|
Term
White
Wickham's striae
Allergic reactions: Lichenoid drug reaction, cinnamon contact stomatitis, contact reaction to amalgam
Tx: removal of allergen, maybe topical steroids
Biopsy to distinguish from lichen planus |
|
Definition
Lichenoid Mucositis
Differential: Lichen planus, GVHD, SLE |
|
|
Term
White
Lacy, reticular pattern
Lips, buccal mucosa, tongue
Erosions, ulcerations and xerostomia
Tx: corticosteroids for oral lesions, refer to physician |
|
Definition
GVHD (Graft-versus-Host Disease)
Differential: Lichen planus, lichenoid mucositis, SLE |
|
|
Term
White/Red
Lacy, reticular pattern
Desquamative gingivitis, tender, painful
Butterfly rash
Biopsy |
|
Definition
(SLE) Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
Differential: Erosive lichen planus, BMMP, pemphigus vulgaris |
|
|
Term
White
Pale, white, hardened, rigid mucosa
Trismus
Marble-like, blotchy mucosa
Pain with spicy foods
Risk of SCC
Tooth discoloration
Usually can be diagnosed on sight, may need biopsy
Tx: refer to OMFS, intralesional steroid or interferon injections, surgical splitting of fibrous bands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White/Gray or Red
Palate
Buccal mucosa adjacent to painful tooth
Alveolar/vestibular mucosa
Sloughs away
Leaves erythematous, eroded area
Irregular borders
No treatment |
|
Definition
| Mucosal burns (chemical and thermal) |
|
|
Term
Red
Posterior midline of tongue
Bald patch
Form of candidiasis
"Kissing" lesion on opposing palate
Asymptomatic
Tx: antifungals
Dx based on clinical appearance |
|
Definition
| Median Rhomboid Glossitis |
|
|
Term
Red
Corners of mouth
Candida or Staph aureus infection
Reduced VDO, Vit B deficient, immunosuppression, licking, iatrogenic
Tx: Vytone cream, Nystatin ointment, treat underlying cause |
|
Definition
Angular Cheilitis
(Perleche) |
|
|
Term
Red
Palate
Underneath denture, follows outline of prosthesis
Constant wear of prosthesis, allergy to denture material, excessive pressure
Candida infection uncommon
Tx: leave denture out at night, soak complete denture in diluted bleach |
|
Definition
Denture Stomatitis or
Atrophic Candidiasis
Differential: true erythroplakia |
|
|
Term
Red
Palate
Numerous papules, pebbly appearance
Tx: early lesions - leave dentures out at night
Late lesions: excision, fabrication o new denture |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
Red
Small, non-blanching
Trauma: most common cause
Other causes: coughing, mono, thrombocytopenia
No tx, investigate cause |
|
Definition
Petechiae
(Purpura/Ecchymosis for larger lesions) |
|
|
Term
Red
Elevated
(slide in class shown on tongue)
Causes: trauma, thrombocytopenia
Refer to PCP if bleeding disorder suspected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red, purple or blue
Non-blanching
Dome-shaped
Over crown of erupting tooth
Soft tissue counterpart of dentigerous cyst
No tx or excision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Blanching
Small dots or papules
Concerning if multiple |
|
Definition
Telangiectasia
R/O HHT, CREST syndrome |
|
|
Term
Red
Multiple
lips, tongue, other intraoral sites
Hands, fingers, feet, nose bleeds, GI bleeds, A-V malformations
Increased risk of brain abscess
Tx: antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment, refer to PCP if undiagnosed |
|
Definition
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia |
|
|
Term
Red
Multiple
Small dots
Calcium deposits in skin (calcinosis cutis)
Raynaud's phenomenon (discoloration of fingers, toes)
Esophageal stricture, Sclerodactyly (thick/tight skin)
Refer to PCP for evaluation if undiagnosed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva, other mucosal surfaces
Diffuse
Young kids
Crops of vesicles and ulcers
Fever, malaise, flu-like symptoms
Tx: acyclovir, analgesics, fluids, oral hygiene, gentle debridement, NO STEROIDS |
|
Definition
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Differential: EM |
|
|
Term
Red
Desquamating/eroded gingiva
Temporary diagnosis
Erosive lichen planus, SLE, BMMP,
Pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva
Eroded areas
Patchy or diffuse
Older patients
Autoantibodes against basement membrane/hemidesmosomes
Subepithelial split
Can cause scarring
Biopsy to establish diagnosis
Tx: topical/systemic steroids, tetracyclinc and niacinamide
Refer to opthamologist to r/o ocular disease |
|
Definition
(BMMP) Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid/Cicatricial pemphigoid
Differential: (SLE, pemphigus vulgaris, Erosiv lichen planus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linear IgA, paraneoplastic pemphigus |
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva
Desquamating, erosive, patchy or diffuse
Erosive skin lesions, areas of friction
Oral lesions first to come, last to go
Adults
Nikolsky sign (blister when rubbed)
Autoantibodies against desmosomes
Intraepithelial split
Biopsy to establish dx
Refer to MD for systemic steroids |
|
Definition
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Differential: SLE, BMMP, Erosive lichen planus, Linear IgA, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, paraneoplastic pemphigus |
|
|
Term
Red
Bright, fiery gingiva (entire gingiva)
Loss of stippling
Non-eroded, non-ulcerated
Rapid onset
Hypersensitivity (candy, gum, toothpaste, etc)
Tx: Obtain history, eliminate antigens. Topical steroids
Biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva
Localized or diffuse
"Strawberry"
Nasal and palatal lesions possible
Pulmonary and renal involvement
Biopsy
Refer to MD (steroids, chemo)
FATAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva
Boggy, spongy, swelling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Oral mucosa
Desquamation, erosion
Begins shortly after chemo/radiation therapy
Tx:Analgesics, ice chips, steroid rinse, biotene, "magic mouthwash" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Lips
Hemorrhagic crusting
Target lesions on skin
Varies from erythematous macules to vesicles/bullae to erosions and ulcers
Linked to drug ingestion
HSV link
Tx: Refer to MD, systemic corticosteroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Solitary, exophytic lesion
Interdental papilla, anywhere
Pregnancy tumor
Tx: excision (after birth) with removal of irritants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Lips
Crusting of the lips
Ocular/genital involvement |
|
Definition
EM major
(Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) |
|
|
Term
Red
Lips
Hemorrhagic lip crusting
Diffuse sloughing of the skin |
|
Definition
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
(Lyell's Disease)
Type of EM |
|
|
Term
Red to ulcerated to hyperkeratotic (white)
Solitary lesion
Localized or diffuse
History will help diagnose
May need biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Solitary lesion
Velvety
Can't be diagnosed as anything else
May be associated with areas of leukoplakia
Biopsy is necessary
Tx: depends on diagnosis
Velvety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red or purple
Solitary lesion
Flat to nodular
AIDS patients
HHV type 8
Biopsy
Tx: surgery, chemo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White/Red
Tongue
White strawberry tongue/Red strawberry tongue
Fever, sore throat, skin rash
Group A Strep infection
Progress to Rheumatic fever
Tx: refer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Non-specific erythematous patches
Parallel skin lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Keratinized mucosa, extraoral lesions
Ulcerative
Prodrome/tingling
Crops of vesicles
Flu-like symptoms sometimes
No tx necessary. Can use acyclovir, valacyclovir. NO STEROIDS |
|
Definition
Recurrent Herpes
Differential: impetigo, herpes zoster, acute herpetic gingivostomatitis |
|
|
Term
Crops/clusters of vesicles
Coalesce and crust
Intraoral lesions involve any mucosal surface
Very painful
Do not cross midline
May mimic toothache
Bone necrosis can occur
Tx: antivirals, analgesics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interdental papilla
Ulceration/necrosis
Punched-out appearance
Bad odor
Fusobacterium necleatum, Borrelia vincentii
Stress, smoking, poor OH, poor diet, immunocompromised
Tx: debridement, scaling, curettage, clorhexidine, antibiotics, analgesics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red to ulcerative
Palate
Spontaneous
May be bilateral
Well-demarcated, deep ulcer w/grayish base
Often non-painful
If unilateral, biopsy
No tx necessary |
|
Definition
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Differential: SCC, deep fungal infection |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Non-keratinized mucosa
Erythematous halo
Prodrome: burning, tingling
No vesicles
No tx or topical steroids
Stress, trauma, diet, hormones
<0.5cm
Heal in 7-10 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Yellowish
Mainly non-keratinized tissue, other sites possible
Erythematous halo
>0.5 cm
Cause scarring
6 weeks to heal
Tx: topical, systemic and injected steroids |
|
Definition
| Major Aphthous Ulcers (Sutton's Disease) |
|
|
Term
Yellowish
Crops of ulcers
Often non-keratinized tissue, but found anywhere
Heal in 7-10 days
Almost immediately recur
May be present for a couple years
Not preceded by vesicles
Tx: steroids |
|
Definition
Herpetiform Apthae
Differential: Herpes |
|
|
Term
Multiple, recurrent, aphthous-like
Linear ulcers in the vestibule
Next to epulis-fissuratum like folds
Cobble-stone appearance of labial/buccal mucosa
GI problems
Biopsy will show granulomas
Tx: Oral lesions PRN with steroids
May develop orofacial granulomatosis |
|
Definition
Crohn's disease
Differential:
Behcet's, Reiter's, HIV, Neutropenia |
|
|
Term
Multiple, aphthous-like, recurrent
Oral and genital
Ocular inflammation
Arthritis, skin lesions
Dx: Positive pathergy test
Middle-eastern, Asian descent
Tx: refer, topical steroids for oral lesions |
|
Definition
Behcet's Syndrome
Differential: Reiter's, Crohn's, HIV, Neutropenia |
|
|
Term
Multiple, aphthous-like, recurrent
Painless aphthous-like ulcers in oral cavity
Most common in young males (HLA-B27 subtype)
Non-gonococcal urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis
Cervicitis
Usually following GI bug or STD
Lesions on penis resemble geographic tongue
Tx: Refer to MD |
|
Definition
Reiter's Syndrome
Differential: Crohn's, Behcet's, Neutropenia, HIV |
|
|
Term
Multiple, aphthous-like, recurrent
All three types of aphthous ulcerations |
|
Definition
HIV infection
Differential: Crohn's, Behcet's, Reiter's, Neutropenia |
|
|
Term
Multiple, aphthous-like, recurrent
Lack fiery red halo
Dx: CBC with "diff" |
|
Definition
Neutropenia
Differential: Crohn's, Reiter's, Behcet's, HIV, Aphthous ulcers |
|
|
Term
Crops of vesicles/ulcers
Prominent skin lesions
Flu-like symptoms
Encephalitis
Tx: antivirals, analgesics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Multiple small vesicles/ulcers
Soft palate, tonsillar pillars
Flu-like symptoms
coxsackievirus
Tx: none necessary, analgesics, baking soda rinses or throat lozenges.
Refer severe cases |
|
Definition
Herpangina
Differential: HSV, varicella, hand-foot-and-mouth |
|
|
Term
Few/many small/moderate vesicles/ulcers
Anywhere in the mouth
Vesicles/erosions of hands and feet
Coxsackievirus
Will resolve in one week
Tx: none necessary, analgesics, baking soda rinses, lozenges
Refer sever cases |
|
Definition
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth
Differential: HSV, varicella, herpangina |
|
|
Term
Blisters at sites of minor trauma
Inherited
Scarring, mitten-like deformities
Microstomia
Ankyloglossia
Increased caries risk due to soft diet
Pitted enamel, neonatal teeth, anodontia
Increased risk of SCC
Managed by MD
Lubricate lips, gentle manipulation, general anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mucosal bullous lesions and erosions
Non-inherited, autoimmune
Antibodies against collagen VII in BM
Tx: tetracycline + niacinamide, topical/systemic steroids |
|
Definition
| EBA (epidermolysis bullosa acquisita) |
|
|
Term
Ulcerated
Hemorrhagic crusting of lips
Bullae
Associated with neoplasm (leukemia, lymphoma) |
|
Definition
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
Differential: EM, pemphigus, EB, EBA |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Tongue
Chronic, solitary, non-healing ulcer
Rolled borders
Biopsy will often induce healing |
|
Definition
TUGSE or Traumatic ulcer
Differential: SCC, deep fungal infection, Tb, syphilis |
|
|
Term
Painless, non-healing ulcer
Raised borders
Lateral tongue, floor of mouth
Lower lip also common
May have adjacent leukoplakia/erythroplakia
or Exophytic, fungating mass |
|
Definition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Differential: TUGSE, Tb, SCC, Syphilis |
|
|
Term
Lip
Mucosa is thin, blotchy, blends with skin
Induration necessitates biopsy
Potential SCC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chronic, non-healing ulcer
Patient may have a cough
Biopsy |
|
Definition
Deep Fungal Infection (histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis)
Differential: SCC, TUGSE, Tb, Syphilis
Tx: antifungal |
|
|
Term
Chronic, indurated, non-healing ulcer
Patient may have a productive cough
Night sweats, fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy
Biopsy
Refer for tx
Caused by mycobacterium |
|
Definition
Tuberculosis
Differential: SCC, TUGSE, deep fungal infection, syphilis |
|
|
Term
Chronic, indurated ulcer
Rolled margins
Lymphadenophathy |
|
Definition
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum |
|
|
Term
Sensitive, whitish, round soft plaques
May ulcerate
Skin rash
Condyloma-like lesions of skin and mucous membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hutchinson's incisors
Corneal keratitis
Deafness
Mulberry molars
Perioral fissuring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Palate
Swelling, progresses to ulcer
Nasal stuffiness
Will perforate into nasal cavity
T lymphocyte malignancy
Biopsy
Refer to ENT |
|
Definition
| Angiocentric T-Cell Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
Black
Palate
Necrotic ulcer
Nasal obstruction with discharge
Facial swelling, visual disturbances
Palatal perforation
Diabetes/Immunocompromised patients
Biopsy |
|
Definition
Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
Differential: Angiocentric T-Cell Lymphoma, Wegener's Granulomatosis, Tertiary Syphillis
Tx: refer to ENT for debridement and amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
Palate
Deep, necrotic ulcer
Strawberry gingivitis
Refer to MD for tx (steroids and chemo) |
|
Definition
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Differential: Tertiary syphilis, angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, mucormycosis |
|
|
Term
Palate
Destructive lesions
Gummas
Biopsy |
|
Definition
Tertiary Syphilis
Differential: Angiocentric T-cell Lymphoma, Wegener's granulomatosis, mucormycosis |
|
|
Term
Snail Track Ulcers
Yellowish Pustules
IBD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blue, gray, black line
Gingiva
Headache, fatigue, nausea
Grayish-blue pigmentation of skin |
|
Definition
| Argyria (silver intoxication) |
|
|
Term
Blue, gray, black line
Gingiva
Headache, fatigue, nausea
Premalignant skin keratoses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blue, gray, black line
Gingiva
Headache, fatigue, nausea
Refer to MD |
|
Definition
| Plumbism (Lead poisoning), Acrodynia (mercury poisoning) |
|
|
Term
Blue, gray, black
Diffuse pigmentation of palate
No tx necessary |
|
Definition
| Antimalarial/tranquilizers (Chlorpromazine) |
|
|
Term
Blue-gray
Alveolar ridge, near mucogingival junction
May have palatal discoloration |
|
Definition
Minocycline pigmentation
(Underlying bone is dark green) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Estrogen, chemotherapy drugs, AIDS meds
(resembles smoker's melanosis and racial pigmentation) |
|
|
Term
Dark brown
Lips, perioral skin, oral cavity - freckles
Hands can be freckled as well
Develops in early childhood
GI polyps - adenocarcinoma risk
Tx: refer to PCP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brown (diffuse or patchy)
Oral mucous membranes, skin
Irritability, GI upset, salt craving
Refer to PCP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brown/black
Anywhere in oral cavity
Well-demarcated macule
Increased melanin production
If on lip, may be related to sun exposure (no tx)
Intraoral lesion - excisional biospy to rule out melanoma |
|
Definition
Melanotic Macule
Differential: amalgam tattoo, melanoma, melanocytic nevus, melanoacanthoma |
|
|
Term
Brown/Black
Well-demarcated macule or nodule
Occasionally depigmented
Tumor of nevus cells
Biopsy to rule out melanoma |
|
Definition
Melanocytic nevus
Differential: amalgam tattoo, melanoma, melanoacanthoma, melanocytic nevus |
|
|
Term
Dark brown/black
Buccal mucosa
Well-demarcated, flat or slightly raised
Develops rapidly
AA patients
Reactive lesion
Biopsy to rule out melanoma |
|
Definition
Melanoacanthoma
Differential: Amalgam tattoo, melanoma, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus |
|
|
Term
Brown/Black
Isolated lesion
Well demarcated or irregular and exophytic
May not be pigmented
Asymmetry, Irregular borders, Color variation, Diameter > pencil eraser
Tx: Refer to dermatologist for resection |
|
Definition
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (most common subtype in oral cavity)
Differential: amalgam tattoo, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus, melanoacanthoma |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Posterior soft palate, uvula, tongue, FOM
May wax and wane
may be reddish |
|
Definition
Lymphoid aggregates
Differential: Lipoma, granular cell tumor (tongue), lymphoepithelial cyst, dermoid cyst (FOM)
No Tx |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Gingiva, vestibular mucosa, palate
Next to non-vital tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blue
Does not blanch
Focal or generalized
If generalized, refer to PCP for work-up
Biopsy may be necessary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Yellow
Buccal mucosa, vestibule
Feels well circumscribed to palpation
May appear pink if deep within CT
Tx: Excision |
|
Definition
Lipoma
Differential: parulis, neurofibroma, verruciform xanthoma |
|
|
Term
Yellow
FOM, ventral tongue
< 1 cm in diameter
Firm or soft
Tx: Simple excision |
|
Definition
Lymphoepithelial cyst
Differential: Lipoma, lymphoid aggregates, dermoid cyst |
|
|
Term
Yellow/pink
Dorsal tongue
Dome-shaped swelling
May be multiple
Can mimic carcinoma (2nd opinion)
Tx: simple excision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red
Gingiva, alveolar mucosa
Caused by irritants or trauma
Tx: removal of irritants
Exophytic
Often ulcerated |
|
Definition
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Differential: Pyogenic granuloma |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Gingiva, alveolar mucosa, anywhere
Irregular surface or white
Not caused by HPV
Tx: simple excision |
|
Definition
Verruciform Xanthoma
Differential: Lipoma, parulis, lymphoepithelial cyst |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Midline FOM
Soft, doughy
Elevates tongue
Children, young adults
Complex cyst wall with dermal appedages |
|
Definition
Dermoid cyst
Differential: lipoma, epidermoid cyst, lymphoepithelial cyst |
|
|
Term
Yellow
Papules, larger than fordyce granule
Cauliflower-like appearance
Biopsy for diagnosis |
|
Definition
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Differential: Fordyce granule, lymphoid aggregates, verruciform xanthoma |
|
|
Term
Yellow/pink
Yellow when on ventral surface of tongue |
|
Definition
Neurofibroma
Differential: Lipoma, granular cell tumor, dermoid cyst, lymphoepithelial cyst, sebaceous hyperplasia, verruciform xanthoma |
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Term
Blue/red
Blanches
Infancy
Tx: Infants - watchful neglect, surgical resection for large lesions
Adults - remove if cannot distinguish from salivary gland tumor |
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Definition
Hemangioma
Differential: Salivary gland tumor, varix, venous malformation, ecchymosis |
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Term
Blue
Similar to varix, more extensive |
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Definition
Venous malformation
Differential: varix, hemangioma, ecchymosis |
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Term
Blue
Palate
Macule or dome-shaped nodule
Tyndall effect
Tx: excisional biopsy |
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Definition
Blue nevus
Differential: melanoma, vascular lesion, salivary gland tumor, amalgam tattoo |
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Term
Blue
Similar to mucocele
True cyst |
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Definition
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Term
Blue
Mimics mucocele
Does not wax and wane |
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Definition
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Term
Bluish/translucent
Buccal gingiva
mandibular canine-premolar area
Similar to mucocele
Does not wax and wane
Feels like a marble
Soft tissue counterpart of lateral periodontal cyst
Tx: excision |
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Definition
| Gingival cyst of the adult |
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Term
Blue
Palate, anywhere
If painful - adenoid cystic carcinoma
Tx: surgical excision with or without radiation |
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Definition
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Term
Green
Draining fistula with green granules
diabetics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chlorodontia/hyperbilirubinemia |
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Term
| Drug therapy for Candidiasis |
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Definition
Mycelex troches
Fluconazole tablets |
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Term
| Drug therapy for denture stomatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug therapy for Angular Cheilitis |
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Definition
| Vytone cream or antifunfal cream |
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Term
| Drug therapy for Recurrent Herpes Labialis |
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Definition
Acyclovir ointment
Acyclovir tablets
Valacyclovir tablets |
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Term
| Drug therapy for Ulcers/Vesiculoerosive conditions |
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Definition
Lidex gel
Temovate ointment with Kenalog in Orabase
Dexamethasone elixir |
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Term
Differential for:
Leukopklakia |
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Definition
Frictional Keratosis
OHL
Smokeless Tobacco Keratosis
Morsicatio Buccarum
Leukoedema |
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Term
Differential for:
Multiple White Patches |
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Definition
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
Uremic Stomatitis
White Sponge Nevus
Pachyonychia Congenita
Dyskeratosis Congenita
Darier's Disease |
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Term
Differential for:
Lichenoid Lesions |
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Definition
SLE
GVHD
Lichen Planus (Reticular, Erosive)
Lichenoid Mucositis (Drug, Cinnamon, Amalgam) |
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Term
Differential for:
Desquamative Gingivitis |
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Definition
NUG
Erosive Lichen Planus
BMMP
Pemphigus Vulgaris
SLE
EBA
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Linear IgA |
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Term
Differential for:
Diffuse Redness of the Gingiva |
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Definition
Gingivitis/Perio Disease
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Desquamative Gingivitis
Plasma Cell Gingivitis
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Leukemia |
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Term
Differential for:
Hemorrhagic Crusting of the Lips |
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Definition
Erythema Multiforme
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus |
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Term
Differential for:
Solitary Red Lesion |
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Definition
Pyogenic Granuloma
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Hemangioma
Burn
Contact Allergy
Erythroplakia
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Wegener's Granulomatosis |
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Term
Differential for:
Multiple, recurrent, aphthous-like ulcers |
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Definition
Behcet's
Reiter's
Crohn's
HIV infection
Neutropenia |
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Term
Differential for:
Multiple small ulcers w/flu-like symptoms |
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Definition
HSV
Varicella (chicken-pox)
Herpangina
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth |
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Term
Differential for:
Vesiculobullous Conditions |
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Definition
HSV, VSV
Herpangina, Hand-Foot-and-Mouth
BMMP
Pemphigus Vulgaris
EB, EBA
Erythema Multiforme
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus |
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Term
Differential for:
Lichenoid Erosions |
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Definition
Erosive Lichen Planus
GVHD
SLE
Lichenoid Mucositis |
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Term
Differential for:
Chronic, solitary, non-healing ulcer |
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Definition
TUGSE
Syphilis
SCCa
Deep fungal infection
Tb |
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Term
Differential for:
Destructive, ulcerative lesions of the palate |
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Definition
Angiocentric T-cell Lymphoma
Mucormycosis
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Tertiary Syphilis |
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Term
Differential for:
Diffuse oral dark pigmentation |
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Definition
Racial pigmentation
Smoker's melanosis
Drug pigmentation (estrogen, chemo, AIDS)
Peutz-Jeghers
Addison's |
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Term
Differential for:
Isolated Pigmented (dark) lesions of the Oral Cavity |
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Definition
Amalgam tattoo
Melanotic Macule
Melanocytic nevus
Melanoacanthoma
Melanoma |
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Term
Differential for:
Yellow Lesions |
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Definition
Fordyce granules, lymphoid aggregates, parulis
Lipoma
Lymphoepithial cyst
Granular Cell tumor
Verruciform Xanthoma
Dermoid cyst
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Neurofibroma |
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Term
Differential for:
Blue Lesions |
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Definition
Eruption cyst/hematoma
Vascular lesions (hemangioma, varix, venous malformation, ecchymosis)
Amalgam tattoo
Blue nevus
Melanoma
Mucocele
Ranula
Salivary duct cyst
Gingival cyst of the adult
Salivary gland tumors (adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma) |
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Term
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Definition
Actinomycosis
Chloroma
Chlorodontia |
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