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| essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word (meanings that dictionaries include) |
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| associative words or terms that people attach to other words/terms (ex: the associative meaning for needle might be "pain" or "illness" |
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| agent is the entity that performs the action and theme is the entity that is involved in or affected by the action |
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| what are examples of semantic roles? |
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Definition
| agent, theme, instrument, experiencer, location, source, and goal |
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| instrument vs. experiencer |
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Definition
instrument: when the agent uses another entity to perform an action (ex: The boy cut the rope with an old razor--> razor is the instrument)
experiencer: relating to the person or subject having feelings, or being in a certain state of mind, or perception (ex: Did you hear that noise?--> the experiencer is "you" |
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| location vs. source vs. goal |
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location: "on the table," or "in the room"
source: where the entity is moving, usually with the word 'from,' think of this like an origin
goal: where the entity is moving to (ex: He moved to New York) |
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| relationships between words through synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, prototypes, homophones/homonyms, polysemy, word play, metonymy |
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| pairs of words that are very similar to each other (ex: big/large, cab/taxi, couch/sofa) |
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| two forms (words) with opposite meanings (ex: married/single, enter/exit) |
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| gradable antonyms vs. nongradable antonyms |
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Definition
gradable antonyms can be described as opposites that are on the same "scale," like hot/cold because they are both on the "scale" of temperature (other examples: big/small, long/short)
nongradable antonyms are opposites that belong to different "scales," they are opposed states like dead/alive, before/after, full/empty |
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| prototype is the example that most people are familiar with |
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| example: top of a mountain, top of his company |
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| using one word to refer to another (car/wheels, house/roof) |
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| words that frequently occur together (bread/butter, needle/thread, salt/pepper) |
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| the study of language as expressed in corpora (samples) of "real world" text |
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| different kinds of signifiers relating to temporal, spatial, and people (ex: tomorrow, yesterday, him, her, this, that, those) |
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