Term
| What is the name of the Mustard family of plants? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the Sunflower family of plants? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of the Acacia plant? |
|
Definition
The particular one in sanctuary called Golden Wattle.
It doesn't have leaves. Has Phyllodes which are modified petioles. Also has characteristics yellow flowers. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of the Bladderpod? |
|
Definition
leaves are compound and alternate. The compound leaves have three leaflets.
Has "bladders" that hold water. Also has a peppery smell - like a bell pepper
Light weight when dry. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the Brazilian Pepper Tree? |
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Definition
| Has alternate/compound leaves,leaflets are pinnate, can be an irritant to some people, looks like a large bush, white flowers that bloom and bright red berries when ripe. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Black Sage? |
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Definition
| little hairs to prevent water loss, it has antimicrobial properties, used by Native Americans to use on sores, opposite leaves with a bumpy texture. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Bulrush? |
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Definition
| Triangular stems, indicator of fresh water, kind of hollow, Native Americans used them to make baskets and rope. AKA "tassle plant", wind pollinated, triangular stem |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of a prickly pear cactus |
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Definition
| Modified leaves (glochids - small needles) and stems (cladophylls). The cactus has adapted to arid conditions by reducing their leaves to spines to reduce surface area. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of California Buckwheat? |
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Definition
| They are native to CA, have a naked stem below flower bundle, drought tolerant, flowers stay unusually long, energy source for butterflies. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the California Redbud plant? |
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Definition
| Characteristic flowers, in the fabaceae family, native americans would use the shoots to build baskets, "lily pad" leaves that have palmate venation |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of CA Sagebrush |
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Definition
| Used to remove smell of skunk and treats fever, alternate/pinnate leaves, unique small |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of California Sweet Bay? |
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Definition
| Strong Smell, used by Native Americans to treat pain |
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|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Caster Bean? |
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Definition
| Seed coat contains toxin called ricin, ricin causes nerve damage and is a nuerological chemical, leaves are alternate and palmate |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Catalina Cherry? |
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Definition
| Native to Catalina/Channel Islands, cyanide found in seeds, Must has an acid wash for seeds to germinate,leaves are shiny on the top, dull on the bottom, simple/pinnate |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the Catalina Ironwood? |
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Definition
| ribbed bark, compound leaves |
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Term
| Characteristics of Cattails? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Ceanothus |
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Definition
| Bright purple flowers, made laxative, AKA Mountain Lilac, 3 main veins in leaf and is shiny on the top and dull on the bottom |
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Term
| Characteristics of Coast Live Oak |
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Definition
| Leaves have tanens (chem that prevents other plants from growing) grows slow, simple/dentate/cup shaped leaves |
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Term
| Characteristics of Coffee Berry? |
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Definition
| makes herbal laxative, berry(s) make coffee type drink |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense/serrated/simple/oblong leaves, good to start fires, Asteraceae family, large root system, leaf covers petiole, drought resistant, fire retardent leaves that taste bad, wax covering |
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Term
|
Definition
| Large leaves with white hairs, Asteraceae family, 3 main veins like ceanothus, no smell which can help differentiate it from white sage since they look similar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Different types, menthol kind of oil, make up the blue mountains of Australia |
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Term
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Definition
| small hairs that cause irritation to some people, doesn't need too much water, Small hairs are called trichomes, bright waxy yellow flowers, palmate/simple leaf, may say "do not touch" on practicum |
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Term
| Characteristics of Jacaranda |
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Definition
| Unusual leaves, sometimes with purple flowers, doubly compound leaves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| simple/opposite leaves, small, plants pointed upwards to minimize how much sun hits it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treats poison oak, red midrib, taco shaped, margin is smooth, related to sugar bush and lemonade berry |
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Term
|
Definition
| jagged leaves and Natives used it to make a lemonade type drink, yellowish/reddish berries, dentate because of spines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dark red, smooth bark, chew leaves - quenches thirst, has rough leaves and was used as a toothbrush, chaparral plant |
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Term
|
Definition
| non-native, small yellow flowers, brassicaceae family |
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Term
|
Definition
| On campus, fruitless olive, found in mediterranean climate |
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Term
| What are the two types of Palms and their characteristics |
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Definition
| Palms are fast growing and related to grass. The two types are Mexican fan and California fan. The Mexican fan is the tall and thin and California fan is the shorter stalky palm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pine cone is Ovulate cone found high in trees. Staminate cones found at bottom, It is wind pollinating, has mod leaves (pine needles) with recessed stomata, branches are flexible so snow does not break the branches. |
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Term
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Definition
| not a palm tree, part of the cycad family, oldest living fossil, true secondary growth, |
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Term
| Char of Southern Magnolia |
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Definition
| White flowers, simple/hard leathery leaf, fuzzy and brown on the bottom ancient plant dating to 100 MYA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fire tolerant, similar to lemonade berry, alternate leaves, sometimes serrated, smooth margins, slightly red berries, kind of wavy leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat stomach pain, AKA Christmas Berry or California Holly, small red berries, serrated/long/pinnate leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| characteristic tube shaped yellow or cream colored flowers, native americans smoked it as tobacco |
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Term
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Definition
| simple/palmate leaves, really big leaves, fuzzy hairs, can affect asthma or cause hayfever |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound/Alternate/pinnate leaves, fruit used as dice, leaves are bunched at end of stems, characteristic flowers, |
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Term
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Definition
| acts like gymnosperm, has strobili (female parts) and catkins (male) so it is monoecious, flowering plant, no pine cones, people get hayfever from pollen, nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots |
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Term
|
Definition
| Camphor tea, pungent smell, pinnate venation |
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|
Term
| Char of California Buckeye |
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Definition
| Gathered Seed pods, Native Amer used them to stun fish by grinding seeds since they have poison in them, compund/palmate leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to make arrows, 3 long veins, lower leaves tend to die, asteraceae family and has alternate leaves, characteristic white "flowers" |
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|
Term
| What Kingdom do Gymnosperms and Angiosperms belong? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What divisions are in Gymnosperms? |
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Definition
| Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta |
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|
Term
| What divisions are in the angiosperms? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What classes are in the Division Anthophyta? |
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Definition
| Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae |
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|
Term
| What is the common name for Anthophyta |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the common name for gnetophyta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Vascular plants? |
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Definition
| True conductive tissue consisting of Xylem and Phloem, possess true leave, roots and stems, supporting tissue for upright growth, stomata, cutin |
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|
Term
| What characteristics allow vascular plants to get large in size? |
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Definition
| Stomata, Cutin, Supporting tissue, |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the stomata? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Gymnosperms have what kind of seeds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Angiosperms possess what type of seeds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, how does the sporophyte function? |
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Definition
| Heterosporous, producing two types of spores, microspores and megaspores |
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|
Term
| Where are microspores produced and what do they give rise to? |
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Definition
| produced in microsporangia, will develope into male gametophytes (pollen) |
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|
Term
| Where are megaspores produces and located? |
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Definition
| Produced in megasporangia and located within ovules |
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|
Term
| In Gymnosperms, where are sporangia located? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In Angiosperms, where are sporangia located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "Naked Seed" refer to? |
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Definition
| seeds are exposed on the surface of the upper surface of the female sporophyll (bract) |
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|
Term
| What Division does the organism Cycas revolutas belong? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Cycads? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is first seen in the trunk of this plant in evolutionary time? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is another name for the Ginkgo tree? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What division does the species Ginkgo biloba belong? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a characteristically different about Ginkgo leaves? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why are only male plants of the Ginkgo tree planted in this country? |
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Definition
| Female plants have messy and foul smelling fruits. |
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|
Term
| Where are Ginkgo trees native to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Division: Gnetophyta belong? |
|
Definition
| They are Gymnosperms in the Kingdom Virdiplantae |
|
|
Term
| What division does the organism Ephedra belong? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common name for Gnetophyta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug does the plant Ephedra produce and what are the symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Ephedrine - raises heart rate and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What vascular structure do Gnetophyta have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What division does Pinus belong and what is the common name for Pinus? |
|
Definition
| Coniferophyta and scotch pine |
|
|
Term
| What types of trees make up conifers |
|
Definition
| pines, firs, spruce, hemlock |
|
|
Term
| What division does Larix belong and what is it's common name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the male cone called? |
|
Definition
| Staminate or pollinate cone |
|
|
Term
| What is the female cone called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of spore does the male produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cell division produces pollen in the male cone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a male cone consist of? |
|
Definition
| scales called microsporophylls that contain microsporangia which goes through meiosis and produces 4 haploid microspores and developes into pollen |
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|
Term
| What function do the "wings" serve on a mature pollen grain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a mature pollen grain consist of? |
|
Definition
| 4 cells and a pair of wings, used for dispersal |
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|
Term
| Are the pine pollen tubes male or female gametophytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell produces 2 sperm cell in the pollen grain tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the female cone of Gymnosperms, what does the megaspore mother cells produce? |
|
Definition
| 4 megaspores through meisosis |
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|
Term
| In the female cone of Gymnosperms, what is the function of the nucellus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the female cone of Gymnosperms, what do the megaspores develop into> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a female ovulate cone consist of? |
|
Definition
| scales called megasporophylls that contain megasporangia (ovules) |
|
|
Term
| What surrounds the megaspore? |
|
Definition
| Nutritional nucellus and protective seed coat called integument |
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|
Term
| What structures are haploid in a pine ovule within a Mature Archegonium |
|
Definition
| the archegonium, female gametophyte, eggs |
|
|
Term
| What structures are diploid in the pine ovule with a mature archegonium? |
|
Definition
| the nucellus and the integument |
|
|
Term
| What is between the nucellus and the integument in a pine ovule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the nucellus in the female cone with an embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cotyledons in the female cone with an embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a hypoocotyl develop into in a female cone with an embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the radicle develop into from a female cone embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does one of the layers of the integument of a female cone develop into? |
|
Definition
| it becomes a seed coat for the seed. |
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|
Term
| What does "enclosed seed" refer to? |
|
Definition
| the seeds are enclosed within an ovary |
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|
Term
| What does the ovary and ovule become in angiosperms? |
|
Definition
| the ovary becomes the fruit and the ovule develops into the seeds. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of ovary positions? |
|
Definition
| Hypogynous, perigynous, Epigynous |
|
|
Term
| What does Hypogynous mean? |
|
Definition
| No hypanthium, the ovary is superior |
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|
Term
| What does Perigynous mean> |
|
Definition
| It is an ovary position where the ovary is superior and a hypanthium is present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ovary position where the ovary is inferior and there is a hypanthium present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the arrangements of the seeds (ovules) in relationship to the ovary wall. |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of placentation? |
|
Definition
| Axile, Parietal, Free Central |
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|
Term
| What is an example of axile placentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of parietal placentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of Free-central placentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structures in the male gametophyte of Angiosperms? |
|
Definition
| four pollen sacs with pollen tetrads |
|
|
Term
| What do the pollen tetrads form? |
|
Definition
| they break apart to form individual pollen grains |
|
|
Term
| What is cross-pollination? |
|
Definition
| The transfer of pollen from one individual plant to another |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common method to prevent flowers from pollinating themselves and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| Self-incompatibility. A biochemical block prevents the pollen from completing development. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the antipodals after fertilization in a female gametophyte with the 8-nucleate embryo sac? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the polar nuclei after fertilization within a female gametophyte with an 8-nucleate embryo sac? |
|
Definition
| join w/a sperm that produce endosperm (3n) 2 synergids, and egg |
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|
Term
| What happens to the synergids after fertilization in a female gametophyte with the 8-nucleate embryo sac? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is fertilization in flowering plants called double fertilization? |
|
Definition
| Because a sperm joins an eff and another fuses with polar nuclei in flowering plants |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures on a monocot (corn) seed? |
|
Definition
| Scutellum(cotyledon), Endosperm, Radicle, Plumule, Coleoptile |
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|
Term
| What are the structures in the Castor bean (dicot) seed? |
|
Definition
| Seed coat, Endosperm, Cotyledon, Shoot apex, Hypocotyl, Radicle |
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|
Term
| What are the structures in a Common Bean seed? |
|
Definition
| Seed coat, Cotyledons, Epicotyl, Plumule, Radicle, Hypocotyl |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of dispersal mechanisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most efficient transporters of fruits and seeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fruit wall developed from and what is it called? |
|
Definition
| It developes from the ovary wall and is called a pericarp |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of a pericarp? |
|
Definition
| The exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp |
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|
Term
| How are the layers of a pericarp arranged on an orange? |
|
Definition
| innerboundary around seeds form endocarp, mesocarp is between endocarp and exocarp and skin is exocarp |
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|
Term
| What are the two fruit types |
|
Definition
| Dry fruits and fleshy fruits |
|
|
Term
| What are the categories of Fleshy Fruits? |
|
Definition
| Simple, aggregate and multiple |
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|
Term
| What are the names of simple/fleshy fruits |
|
Definition
| Drupe, True berry, Pepos, Hespiridium, and Pome |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of a Drupe and why category and type of fruit is it? |
|
Definition
Examples: Olives, Almonds, coconuts
Category: Simple fruit and it is a Fleshy fruit |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of a true berry and what type of fruit and what category is it in? |
|
Definition
| Examples are Tomatos, bell peppers, grapes, and Bananas - they are Simple/Fleshy Fruits |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fruits are Pepos and what are some examples? |
|
Definition
| Fleshy/Simple fruits with relatively thick rind, includes Cucumbers and Zucchini |
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|
Term
| What kind of fruit is Hesperidium and what are some examples? |
|
Definition
| Fleshy/Simple fruit with a leathery skin containing oils with the ovary wall becoming saclike and swollen with juice. An example would be an orange |
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|
Term
| What kind of fruit is a pome and give an example |
|
Definition
| It is a fleshy/simple fruit with the bulk of the flesh coming from an enlarged receptacle that grows around the ovary. The endocarp around the seeds is papery or leathery. An example is an apple |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fruit is an aggregate fruit? |
|
Definition
| A fleshy fruit derived from a single flower with severy carpels, an example is the strawberry |
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|
Term
| What kind of fruit is a Multiple fruit |
|
Definition
| Fleshy fruit derived from several flowers in a single inflouresence. An examples is the pineapple |
|
|
Term
| How are Dry fruits split into categories? |
|
Definition
| If they are split or not split at maturity |
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|
Term
| What type of fruit is a follicle and name examples |
|
Definition
| dry fruit/splits along one side or seam only. An example is milkweed or magnolias |
|
|
Term
| What type of fruit is a legume? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit that splits along two sides or seams. Some examples are Peanuts, peas and beans |
|
|
Term
| What type of fruits are silique |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit that splits along two sides or seams but the seeds are borne on a central partition. An example is mustards |
|
|
Term
| What type of fruit is a capsule? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit that consists of at least two carpels and splits in a variety of ways. Includes, Irises and snapdragons |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of Dry fruits that split at maturity? |
|
Definition
| Follicle, Legume, Stilique, and capsule |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of Dry fruits not split at maturity? |
|
Definition
| Achene, Nuts, Grain, Samara, Schizocarp |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fruits are Achene? |
|
Definition
| dry fruit wih a single seed which is attached to its surrounding pericarp only at its base some examples are Sunflower Seeds and Dandelions |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fruits are nut? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit with a single seed which is large and the pericarp is hard and thick. Some examples include Walnuts, acorns, Brazil Nuts |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fruits are Grain? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruits with the seed tightly united with the pericarp and cannot be separated from it, some examples include corn and grasses |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fruits are Samara(s)? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit with the pericarp surrounding the seed extending out in the form of a wing or membrane which aids in maples. Some examples include Maple and Ashes |
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|
Term
| What kind of fruits are Schizocarps? |
|
Definition
| Dry fruit which is derived from a compound ovary but splits at maturity into two or more one-seeded portions. An example is the parsley family |
|
|
Term
| What are a plant's evolutionary adaptations to living on land? |
|
Definition
| The root and shoot system |
|
|
Term
| What structures are associated with higher vascular plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the regions of a root tip of the Allium (onion) |
|
Definition
| Root cap, Apical meristem, region of elongation and the region of maturation |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of a root? |
|
Definition
| Anchor the plant in the soil, to absorb minerals and water and to conduct minerals and water and store food |
|
|
Term
| What is the the structure and function of a root cap |
|
Definition
| It is made up of dead parenchyma cells that last for less than a week and protect the apical meristem and gives the perception of gravity |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of the apical meristem in the root tip? |
|
Definition
| the structure is embryonic plant tissue and it functions for cell division and production of new cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of the region of elongation in the root tip? |
|
Definition
| It is elongated and wider cells and pushes the meristem and root cap thru ground |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of the region of maturation in the root tip? |
|
Definition
| They are differentiated cells with root hairs that function in the dev of protoderm procambrium, ground tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of meristem origins? |
|
Definition
| Protoderm, Procambium and ground meristem |
|
|
Term
| What is the epidermis of the young monocot/dicot root? |
|
Definition
| It is a tissue that is located in a single layer of cells around the outside of root, it has a protoderm meristem origin and functions in production of root hairs, protection, and absorption |
|
|
Term
| What is the stele of the young monocot/dicot root? |
|
Definition
| It is a tissue that is located as a central cylinder of tissue made of primary xylem, phloem, pith, and pericycle. It has a Procambium origin. |
|
|
Term
| What functions does the stele of a young monocot/dicot root have? |
|
Definition
| The xylem functions in water movement, the Phloem functions for food movement and the pericycle are lateral roots |
|
|
Term
| What is the cortex of a young monocot/dicot root? |
|
Definition
| It is tissue made of parenchyma cells found between the stele and epidermis with passage cells. It's meristem origin is the Ground Meristem. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the cortex of a young monocot/dicot root? |
|
Definition
| The cortex is used for Storage, the endodermis regulation of movement and the passage cells aid in lateral movement of water |
|
|
Term
| What does the dicot root lack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the function of root hair? |
|
Definition
| Absorb water and dissolves minerals from the soil |
|
|
Term
| What cells produce root hairs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions should the soil have for optimum growth of root hairs? |
|
Definition
| It should be loosely packed |
|
|
Term
| How do root hairs accomplish their functions? |
|
Definition
| Their small size and larger number enormously increase the absorptive surface of roots. |
|
|
Term
| What two tissue make up vascular bundles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction does the xylem usually face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction does the phloem usually face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do stems of herbaceous plants vary? |
|
Definition
| which secondary tissues are present |
|
|
Term
| What is present in most herbaceous monocots and many dicots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are vascular bundles in a herbaceous dicot stem arranged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the fibers in a herbaceous dicot stem? |
|
Definition
| They add support and are found on outer tips of vascular bundles. |
|
|
Term
| How does the herbaceous monocot stem differ from a herbaceous dicot stem? |
|
Definition
| Tissue arrangement - vascular bundles are scattered and not found in any set pattern. |
|
|
Term
| Do monocot stems have a pith? |
|
Definition
| Does not have a true pith |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary growth? |
|
Definition
| Growth that increases girth (width) |
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Term
| What two tissues produce secondary growth? |
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Definition
| 2 lateral meristems - vascular cambium which produce the xylem and phloem and the cork cambium which produces the tough covering called bark |
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Term
| What are the tissues that make up the woody dicot stems? |
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Definition
| Pith, Primary and Secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem, cortex, phelloderm, cork cambium, and cork cells. |
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Term
| What is the function of the pith in the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the Primary and secondary xylem of the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| moves water and minerals upwards |
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Term
| What is the function of the vascular cambium in the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| It produces secondary growth |
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Term
| What is the function of the Primary and Secondary phloem of the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| it moves nutrients around plants |
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Term
| What is the function of the cortex of the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the Phelloderm in the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| Made of parenchyma cells but have an unknown function |
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Term
| What is the function of the cork cambium in the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| produces phelloderm and cork cells |
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Term
| What is the function of the cork cells in the woody dicot stem? |
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Definition
| physical barrier for protection |
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Term
| What are the structures found in the tissues of the tree trunk? |
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Definition
| bark, cambium, wood (sapwood and heartwood), pith (which may be missing) vascular rays and annual rings. |
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Term
| What is heartwood and what is its function? |
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Definition
| It is older, darker, no longer functions for water and is used for support |
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Term
| What is sapwood and what is its function? |
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Definition
| secondary xylem, younger, and function for water movement |
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Term
| What type of xylem cells do conifers have? |
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Definition
| consist primarily of tracheids (no fiber or vessel elements) |
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Term
| What is the common name of the wood that comes from conifers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of xylem cells do woody dicots have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of the wood that comes from woody dicots? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is function of spiral vessel elements? |
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Definition
| carrying water and minerals upward in the stem |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the leaf? |
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Definition
| Photosynthesis - solar panels that capture sunlight and convert solar energy into chemical energy in form of sugars using carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
| What are the three major regions of a leaf? |
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Definition
| the epidermis, mesophyll and veins (vascular bundles) |
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Term
| What are the structures of the epidermis? |
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Definition
| Cuticle, Upper and lower epidermal cells, guard cells, and stomates |
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Term
| What is the function of the cuticle of a leaf? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the upper and lower epidermal cells of a leaf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the gaurd cells and stomates of a leaf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the mesophyll? |
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Definition
| Pallisade layer and spongy layer |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the pallisade layer in the leaf? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the spongy layer in the leaf? |
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Definition
| photosynthesis and gas exchange |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the vascular bundles in the leaf? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What regulates the guard cells? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is occurring in the guard cells when the stomates are closed? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is occurring in the guard cells when the stomates are open? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are pine needles shaped in their way? |
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Definition
| they are adapted for arid conditions |
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|
Term
| What adaptions do they have to minimize water loss? |
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Definition
| They have recessed stomata |
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|
Term
| What caused a plant to have chlorosis? (yellowing of leaves) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What caused a plant to have a deep green or purple pigmentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes a plant to have stunted growth? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes a plant to have necrosis (death of plant tissue)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where us the pitcher plant found and what is their nutritional need? |
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Definition
| In damp, boggy soils in florida they require nitrates and phosphates |
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Term
| How do pitcher plants capture their prey and what types of prey do they usually capture? |
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Definition
| They have funnel shaped leaves covered with nectar glands and down curved teeth. The insect falls into fluid and absorbed |
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|
Term
| Where are sundews found and what are their nutritional needs? |
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Definition
| Acid, boggy soils along roadside ditches and require nitrates |
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Term
| How do sundews capture their prey and what type of prey do they capture? |
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Definition
| They have modified leaves that contain stalked glands or tentacles which contain highly viscid mucus. Catch only small or weak prey, flies and ants can escape. |
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|
Term
| Where are venus fly traps found? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do they capture their prey and what type of prey can they capture? |
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Definition
| Modified leaves contain two lobes. Each lobe has an outer area with teeth. Each lobe has trigger hairs that signal the leaves to close on their prey. Flies or larger - smaller insects can escape |
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|
Term
| What does gibberellic acid promote? |
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Definition
| seed germination and stem elongation- plants grow quicker |
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|
Term
| Describe and area where giberellic acid can be beneficial? |
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Definition
| can be used to speed up agricultural growth. |
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|
Term
| Does the use of giberellic acid always have an advantage? |
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Definition
| No, if stems grow too quickly they can cause problems |
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|
Term
| What part of the plant detects light? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the plant actually has the bending response in phototropism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is responsible for the bending response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is actually happening at the cellular level to cause this bending response? |
|
Definition
| The cells away from the light are affected more by auxin and elongate faster which bends the plant toward the light |
|
|
Term
| Does the shoot represent positive or negative gravitropism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do plants tell up from down? |
|
Definition
| settling of statoliths (plastids with heavy starch grains) |
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|
Term
| What is actually happening at the cellular level to cause this bending response? |
|
Definition
| The cells on the bottom of the plant are more affected than the upper cells and elongate faster which bends the plant upward. |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Elderberry |
|
Definition
| Big white clusters of berrries |
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|
Term
| What are some characteristics of the Freemont Cottonwood? |
|
Definition
| flattened petioles, heart-shaped/simple/pinnate leafs |
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