Term
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Definition
scientific study of life.
1.life is stuctured on a size scale ranging from molecular to global.
2.bio. scope stretches across the enormous diversity of life on Earth. |
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Term
| Properties associated with life |
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Definition
a.order-all living things exhibit complex but ordered organization
b.regulation-environment frequently changes, but mechanisms regulate organisms internal environment-to sustain life
c.growth and development-info. carried by genes-which control pattern of growth and development
d.energy utilization- organisms take in energy, and transform it in performing life's activities
e.response to the environment-all organisms respond to environment's stimuli
f.reproduction-own kind reproduce.
g.evolution-reproduction helps organisms to evolve. has been central, unifying feature of life since life arose nearly 4 billion years ago. |
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Definition
| The chemical of inheritance and the substance of genes. a molecule. |
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Definition
| Production of sugar from carbon dioxide and water. the tree releases oxygen into the air. |
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Definition
1. cycling of nutrients-(ex. minerals taken by plant from soil will be recycled to soil.)
2.Flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then on to consumers and decomposers.
energy: sunlight-heat (not recycled) |
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Definition
1. occur singly as many unicellular organisms, mostly microscopic
2.subunits that make up the tissues and organs of plants,animals, and other multicellular organisms. |
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Definition
simpler and smaller than eukaryotic. cells of bacteria are prokaryotic.
also has DNA,but not in nucleus |
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Definition
Plants, animals, and fungi composed of
Subdivided by internal membranes into many different functional compartments (organelles)
nucleus-houses DNA |
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Definition
entire "book" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.
nucleus of human cell has genome that is about 3 billion chemical letters (GACT) long. |
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Definition
| Branch of biology that studies whole genomes |
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Definition
| Scientific name for Zebra. |
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Definition
| Branch of biology that names and classifies species. |
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Definition
1. Bacteria- have prokayotic cells.
2.Archaea-have prokaryotic cells.
3.Eukarya-have eukayr |
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Term
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Definition
1. Bacteria- have prokayotic cells.
2.Archaea-have prokaryotic cells.
3.Eukarya-have eukaryotic cells.
divided into 4 "kingdoms"
-Plantae
-Fungi
-Animalia
all are multicellular |
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Term
| How are the 3 kingdoms(plantae,fungi,and animalia) distinguished? |
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Definition
| Partly by how they obtain food |
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Term
| How does plants obtain food? |
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Definition
| produce own sugars and other foods by photosynthesis. |
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Term
| How does fungi obtain food? |
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Definition
| Mostly decomposers. Digest dead organisms. |
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| How does animals obtain food? |
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Definition
| By ingesting (eating) and digesting other organisms. |
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Term
| What eukaryotes don't fit into the other 3 kingdoms (plantae, animalia, and fungi) and why not? |
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Definition
Protists.
Because they are generally single-celled. |
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Term
| In the book, it mentions a protist that is in the multicellular form, what is its name? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A way of knowing, based on inquiry. |
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Term
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Definition
| verifiable observations and measurements are data |
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Definition
| an in-depth examination of an actual investigation |
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Term
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Definition
| formal process of inquiry, arranged in a series of steps |
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Definition
| tentative answer to some question-an explanation on trial |
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Definition
| reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion |
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Definition
| from general to specific. ex. "if all organisms are made of cells (premise 1), and humans are organisms (premise 2), then humans are composed of cells." |
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Term
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Definition
1.observations
2.question
3.hypothesis
4.prediction
5.test (if no, then goes back to hypothesis, and revise) (if yes, then prediction was correct) |
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Term
| What did David and Karin Pfennig study? |
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Definition
| Mimicry in poisonous Eastern Coal Snake, and nonpoisonous Scarlet King Snake, to see if SKS mimicked ring-coloring of poisonous snake for survival purposes. |
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Term
| How did David and Karin Pfennig conduct the snake study? |
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Definition
| They made hundreds of artificial snakes, some brown and others red,yellow, and black, like SKS and ECS. Seen how many of each would be bitten, or attacked after 4 weeks. Findings: "brown" snakes were eaten or attacked 84% while colored snakes only 16%, So... the SKS snake does mimic ECS for survival purposes. |
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Term
| Luis and Walter Alvarez and hypothesis on dinosaur extinction? |
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Definition
| Found iridium (comes from meteorites) in rock that is 65 million years ago. The Chicxulub crater, near Yucatan Peninsula-Mexico. |
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Definition
| The major changes in the history of life, usually evident in the fossil record. |
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Definition
the formation of new species.
occurs when one or more new species branch from a parent species. generates biological diversity. |
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Term
| biological species concept |
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Definition
| defines a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce fertile offspring. |
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Term
| reproductive barrier (prezygotic) |
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Definition
| prevent mating or fertilization between species. |
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Term
| Temporal isolation - prezygotic reproduction |
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Definition
| time based, species breed at different seasons or times of day |
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Term
| habitat isolation - prezygotic reproduction |
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Definition
| populations live in different habitats and do not meet |
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Term
| behavioral isolation - prezygotic reproduction |
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Definition
| little or no sexual attraction exists between populations |
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Term
| mechanical isolation - prezygotic reproduction |
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Definition
| genitalia do not fit together |
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Term
| gametic isolation - prezygotic reproduction |
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Definition
| female and male gametes fail to unite in fertilization |
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Term
| reproductive barrier (postzygotic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| population forms a new species after being geopgraphically isolated from parent pop. |
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Definition
| part of pop. become new species in midst of parent pop. |
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Definition
| each cell has more than two complete sets of chromosomes |
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Definition
| Dutch botanist, discovered sympatric speciation |
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Definition
| nongradual appearance of species. Species have most modified appearance right when they branch off from parent, then little to no change. |
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Term
| Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) |
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Definition
| Swedish physician and botanist. present-day taxonomy system dates back to. |
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Term
| What are the two main characteristics of taxonomy? |
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Definition
1. two-part name for each species
2.hieracrchical classification of species into broader and broader gropus of organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary history of a species. how an organism is named and classified should reflect its place within the evolutionary tree of life. |
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| what is the first part of the latinized name of a binomial for taxonomy? |
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Definition
genus (plural,genera), second part refers to one particular species.
ex. domesticated cat (Felis catus), but cougar is (Felis concolor) and ocelot (Felis pardalis). |
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| What are species that are closely related grouped by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a phylogenetic tree? |
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Definition
| classifies species into groups subordinate to other groups in the taxonomic hierarchy. The principal of common descent is reflected in the branches of the tree. |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity in structures (ex.insect and bird wing) not due to common ancestry but natural selection that has shaped analogous adaptations. Termed analogy not-- homology (similarity due to common ancestry) |
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Term
| What is the rule about homology? |
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Definition
The more complex two similar structures are, the less likely it is they evolved independently.
(ex. human and chimpanzee skull, fusion of many bones, match almost perfectly, bone for bone.) |
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Term
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Definition
| scientific search for clades ("branch")- consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants. |
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