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Definition
Statement of proposed theory or hypothesis as a measurable variable.
Example... if hypothesis is children of parents w/grad degrees are "more likely to be successful", "being successful" may be operationalized as having a grad degree making at least $50K. |
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| theory that asserts that a rel'ship exists between 2 variables. |
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pattern of variability between 2 variables in which a change in 1 variable is associated with a change in another variable.
Expressed as a number.
Closer the number is to "1", stronger the rel'shop between the variables. |
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| Degree in which the change in 1 variable was responsible for the change in the other variable. |
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| Assumes no rel'ship between variables. |
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the extent to which results are consistent.
If study is repeated over and over, same results are achieved...
does not mean they are valid or correct. |
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Definition
Study performed once and then again under identical conditions.
the higher the correlation is between results of the 2 studies, the higher the reliability. |
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Study subjects are randomly assigned to one of 2 groups ~ then tested within these groups.
If same results are achieved, test is reliable. |
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| Research subjects' scores are compared to other study subjects' scores on the same test. |
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refers to the extent to which results of a study reflect the true or correct characteristics of what the researcher is trying to measure.
If you achieve valid results, they must be reliable. |
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| compares the results of a study with results of a study that was measured using a different instrument. |
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| Refers to the extensive and complex assessment of a particular instrument |
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Definition
| you essentially check the operationalization against the relevant content domain for the construct. This approach assumes that you have a good detailed description of the content domain, something that's not always true. For instance, we might lay out all of the criteria that should be met in a program that claims to be a "teenage pregnancy prevention program." We would probably include in this domain specification the definition of the target group, criteria for deciding whether the program is preventive in nature (as opposed to treatment-oriented), and lots of criteria that spell out the content that should be included like basic information on pregnancy, the use of abstinence, birth control methods, and so on |
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| When a measurement is compared with some predicted future outcome. |
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| Allows researcher to take the results of a study of a smaller population and apply it to the general population. |
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selecting a group of "N" units in such a way that each sample has the same chance of being selected.
Ex. picking names out of a hat. |
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| Simple Stratified Sampling |
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Definition
dividing the population into 2 or more groups according to a common thing..
i.e., income, gender
THEN selecting randomly from each group. |
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| taking a Simple Random Sampling of groups and then sampling all items within that group or cluster. |
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Definition
design based on systematically selecting a sample at random
i.e, picking every 10th name on a list. |
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| score that appears most frequently |
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| central value where 50% of the scores fall above and 50% fall below |
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