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PR FINAL
final for PUR3000
167
Other
Undergraduate 3
10/27/2008

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

This

Captured audience – Average American commutes 50 minutes a day.

Definition
Radio
Term

 

70% of adults list ______ as their primary source of information.

Definition
local television
Term


 _____  differs from print release-time at top of page, words even shorter, sentences even shorter. Copy now not all in all-caps.

 

Definition
Radio
Term

ANR means

 

Definition
Audio news release
Term


-short broadcast release may be accompanied by sound bites

Definition
ANR
Term

a recorded quote from one in the news story or from someone speaking for the company about the product.


Definition
-sound bite-
Term
-Preferred length of a ANR-
Definition
no more than one minute
Term
- 75 percent of news outlets prefer “actualities” by phone (pre-recorded voice of company personnel reading pre-recorded scripts)
Definition
Format for a ANR
Term

5 Elements of broadcast news

Definition

-topical-hot topic

-timeliness

-localization

-humanization

-visual appeal soundbites

Term

Radio PSAs

what kind of organizations may produce ads (PSAs) that may be run free.

 

Unpaid announcement that promotes the programs of government or voluntary agencies or something that serves the public interest.

 

Profit making enterprises may qualify for a cooperative PSA (e.g. charitable activity)

 

Definition
Non-profit
Term


Lengths 60,30,20, 15, 10 seconds

 may be just scripts, completely packaged or combination.

-prefer them to have local telephone and have helpful information not ask for donations
Definition
Format of PSAs
Term
RMTs
Definition
Radio Media Tours
Term

 publicists pre-books telephone interviews with DJs. Spokesperson may be hundreds of miles away.

-Selling point of a PSA- low cost, convenience of short interviews from one location.

Definition
-PR practitioner-
Term

4 approaches on how to get on Television

 

Definition

1) Send same news releases that print receives

2) Media alert of advisory- memo informing editor about event (e-mail, fax, snail mail)

3) Online or e-mail assignment editor and pitch.

4) Produce a VNR

 

Includes B-Roll (background shots) and transmitted by satellite
Term

3 VNR ethical issues

Definition

-Lack of source attribution

-FCC tells viewers about the source.

-All pre-package material must contain complete disclosure
Term


-pre-booked tours, one-on-one interviews from a fixed location via satellite with TV journalists and talk show hosts
Definition
Satellite media tours (SMTS)
Term

variation on SMT; video and sound bites to TV stations across the country via satellite.

Definition
News feeds
Term

-visually appealing

-localized

-who, what, why, when, where and how

 

Definition
SMTs Satellite Media Tours
Term


-negative connotation: is actually a trip on which editors and reporters inspect a company’s manufacturing facilities.

-host picks up tab for feeding, transporting, and housing.

-some publications insist on paying

Definition
Media tours: the junket
Term


-offered to travel writers and editors by the tourism industry. Called “fam” trips

Definition
Media tours: the familiarization trip
Term


-offered by high-tech industries. Executives travel to key cities to talk with selected editors.

Definition
Media tour: high-tech trips
Term


-luncheon, dinner, or cocktail party.

-host makes “pitch” at the end and takes questions.

-media receive press packets and tour

Definition
Press parties
Term

this is always associated with selling something or getting someone to do something.

Definition
Pitch
Term


-conversation over dinner

-become acquainted with media people

-opens channels of communication.

-assumes editors/reporters more friendly and steak and drink

-reporters assume they have paid by giving their time
Definition
Press party benefits:
Term

The web: major vehicle for distributing information


Definition

-Web-based news sites: more than 6,000

-may be extensions of newspapers, magazines, or television stations.

 

 

Term

-a digital recording of a radio or other broadcast program.

-listed in online directories

-available on web sites of some corporations

-can reach diverse audiences with highly targeted messages

-not about long commercials

 

Definition
Podcast
Term


-PR people starting to pitch to bloggers.

-should monitor first

-corporations are setting up their own blogs to answer critics, media.

 

Definition
Blogs
Term


-to distribute media kits

-for online press rooms or newsrooms

-for live events like news conferences
Definition
Webcasts by organizations
Term

PR practitioners are expected to:

Definition

   -answer questions of journalist

   -give a major speech

   -write and prepare their bosses to give a major speech

Term
how do you prepare for a media interview?
Definition
be entertaining

specific information that can create a theme

know their style

know their purpose and assemble the facts
Term
how is print and broadcast delivered
Definition
print is filtered by the mind and the interpreter reads it as broadcast
Term
what is important about television
Definition
speaker is seen and heard. Speaker’s personality can "sell" itself.
Term
do you always accept interview opportunities?
Definition
no, not if you need to delay information from coming out.

you may choose to interview on only certain topics.
Term
three aspects of a print interview
Definition
they may be longer than an hour

the interviewee has no control on the content

you should answer questions and not get off topic
Term
3 requirements for radio and television interviews.
Definition
1) Preparations (guests should know what key message is to be emphasized)

2) Concise (should respond precisely and briefly)

3) Relaxed (concentrate on interview and interviewer)
Term
things that create a positive news conference
Definition
two way communication

always create cooperative atmosphere

can lead to unanticipated controversy

most are positive in intent
Term
when should you hold a news conference?
Definition
you must asses if it would be better to release it in a media kit or news release.
Term
what do you do to plan a news conference?
Definition
invite every news outlet

best hours are 9:30 or 10am

2pm best for broadcast

speaker should never talk off record

speaker should never lie or guess
Term
what are 2 other types of news broadcasts
Definition
spontaneous

and briefing
Term
speech related qualities that a PR person must have.
Definition
interpersonal communication skills

speaking ability

be able to write speeches
Term
things a PR person must research
Definition
audience

his executive

the place he is speaking

and the topic he's discussing
Term
what things must the speech do?
Definition
appeal to the ear

differ from other kinds of writing

relate to audience's needs and problems

demographics
Term
good non verbal communication skills for a PR person
Definition
smile

speech

posture

eye contact

animation

kinetics
Term
how to use speech as a news release
Definition
distribute a release about a speech and multiply your audience

summaries in one or two sentences

answer questions

don't say speaker spoke about it,instead say what the speaker said about the topic.
Term
what is the objective of a speech?
Definition
what the speech is supposed to be accomplished.
Term
what are some useful approaches for giving speeches?
Definition
-get proper tone
-use personal pronouns
-make comparisons
-use direct quotes
-use active voice
Term
how do you write a speech?
Definition
it's put together like building blocks

1)opening

2)body

3)conclusion
Term
what are three important things to remember when giving a speech?
Definition
clarity

appeal to the ear

keep the audience in mind
Term
what is important about powerpoint?
Definition
90 percent of offices use them

may want to supplement with hard copies

charts and graphs

flip charts
Term
how do you make the best of publicity opportunites?
Definition
-media advisory- 1 or 2 sentences telling speaker and why it is important
-PR work begins after the speech
-prepare audio
-video
-print releases
-op-ed conversion
-speech reprint
Term
why should you study corporations?
Definition
-negative publicity requires that they gain trust and credibility
-they realize the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR)
-the public relations practitioner has a major role in doing both
Term
How are today's corporations unique?
Definition
-they deal with a number of governments
-their operations affect the environment
Term
how much public distrust is there?
Definition
73% versus the 27% that actually trust.
Term
what does CSR stand for
Definition
Corporate Social Responsibility
Term
what does CSR do?
Definition
-adopting ethical principles
-pursuing transparency and disclosure
-making a trust foundation precept of corporate governance
Term
what is the importance of PR in corporations?
Definition
-being the eyes and ears of the corporation, training them on all stakeholders
-severing as link between CEO and realties of marketplace and organization (not a yes-person)
Term
how do you implement the CSR
Definition
-counseling the CEO
-helping create and maintaining company morale
-urging company’s becoming good public citizen
Term
hos does the PR person influence decision making?
Definition
-governmental regulation and other political influences
-engineering knowledge
-responsibility to society
-whether making a profit is possible
Term
what are the key factors in decision making?
Definition
-political-effect of government regulation
-technological- need for engineering knowledge
-social-responsibility to society
-economic-need to make a profit
Term
how does the media pressure corporations
Definition
-CEOs defensive
-Yet media is most effective way to help get corporation’s message across
-influenced by lack of qualified reporters.
Term
what is the media's viewpoint?
Definition
-uncooperative executives-erect barriers against them
-don’t have access to key personnel
-CEOs don’t understand objectivity and think anything unfavorable is intentionally bad
Term
what does Cavaet Emptor mean
Definition
let the buyer beware


No longer can we the sellers expect the goods to be safe.
Term
Customer service is __________ from the PR function.
Definition
separate
Term
Corporations must reach diverse markets by
Definition
focusing on more than one market
Term
what does customer relations do for PR?
Definition
-Front line of PR-single incident can damage a company reputation
-internet and blogs can affect thousands
-keep old customers (it costs less to retain customers than to get new ones)
-expedite complaint handling
Term
what is involved with product recalls?
Definition
test the patience of consumers and credibility of company
-PR has to monitor after effects
Term
what is Office of Ombudsperson
Definition
originally was a government official in Sweden and New Zealand appointed to investigate complaints about government officials.
Term
what do consumer agencies do?
Definition
Federal Trade Commission-protects consumers in foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
-Consumer product safety commission-oversees product safety and standards
-Office of Consumer Affairs- publishes literature to inform public of development in consumer affairs.
Term
what is consumer activism?
Definition
-PETA is an example of a group that targets companies
-Boycotts-a refusal to buy products or services
-Small percentage drop in sales will cause companies to rethink policies, especially for single product.
Term
what is employee relations?
Definition
-PR concentrates on communicating with employees and working with human resources, but is separate.
-difficult to retain good employees when its messages are not believed.
Term
what are major PR employee challenges
Definition
layoffs- job reduction procedures can affect futures of organizations
-allows rumor mill/grapevine to work overtime
-outsourcing or off shoring-sending white collar jobs to other nations
Term
Greatest employee challenge for corporations
Definition
dealing with composition of employees that includes more minorities
Term
what 2 things must be done in the workplace?
Definition
1) Embrace diversity
2) Actively recruit ethnic minorities
Term
Communication with shareholders and prospective investors is called?
Definition
investor relations

-its goal: to combine communications and finance to accurately portray prospects from an investment standpoint
Term
what is the biggest pro of IR?
Definition
among the highest paid in business
Term
what is Integrated Marketing Communications?
Definition
-Public relations combined with advertising, marketing, direct mail and promotion
-News stories combine with advertising, marketing, direct mail.
Term
what is product publicity
Definition
-Publicity-low cost effective way to reach potential customers
-publicity builds credibility
Term
what is product placement?
Definition
-product in movie or television
-fees paid to studios
-Film needing particular product
Term
what is Cause-related marketing?
Definition
-when a for-profit company combines with a non-profit company (often a charity) to advance a cause and increase sales.
Term
why use corporate sponsorships?
Definition
-enhance reputation
-give brands high visibility
-promote focal points for marketing and sales
-generate publicity
Term
what is CSR environmental relations?
Definition
-Good CSR today means increased corporate concern for environment and sustaining resources.
-NGOs (nongovernmental organizations that champion environmental and human rights issues)
Term
what is CSR: corporate philanthropy
Definition
-when companies donate funds, products, and services to good causes
-used to show goodwill and reputation as good citizens
Term
what is strategic philanthropy?
Definition
-Strengthen brand reputation
-increase profitability
-improve relationships
-help recruit
-increase media opportunities
-Downside
1)can’t offset scandal;
2) problem when groups oppose a cause
Term
Dennys remember stuff about it…
Definition
no one is allowed to be even remotely politically incorrect.
Term
Government relations specialists are called
Definition
public affairs specialists
Term
what are the functions of Public affairs specialist
Definition
-Gather information
-Disseminate management’s views
-Cooperate with government on projects of mutual benefit
-Motivate employees to participate in political process
Term
what are the written tactics
Definition
-Letters
-Op-ed pieces
-Position papers
-Newsletters
-Planning/developing advocacy advertising
Term
Public affairs specialist defined:
Definition
Monitor activities of legislative bodies and regulatory agencies to keep track of issues up for debate/vote.
Term
Most active presence:
Definition
trade associations
Term
Why these public affair specialists?
Definition
-Washington has many interests
-Business/Washington need professional advice on getting their messages heard.
-PR specialists in this area help journalists, politicians and clients.
Term
what is a Lobbyist
Definition
person who tries to influence the voting on legislation or decisions of government administrators; tries to defeat passage or amend proposed legislation
Term
what are some of the most influential lobby groups
Definition
1) American Association of Retired Persons
2) American Israel Public Affairs Committee
3) National Federation of Independent Business
4) National Rifle Association
5) AFL-CIO (blue collar labor organization)
Term
what does cancelling out mean?
Definition
-Competing groups often cancel each other out
-Leaves legislators to decide pros and cons.
Term
what is influence peddling?
Definition
-Former legislators and government officials who capitalize on their former connections and charge large fees to influence legislation.
Term
Controlling lobbying requires registering with Congress and disclosing paid clients and issues lobbied
Definition
registering with Congress and disclosing paid clients and issues lobbied
Term
Grassroots lobbying is
Definition
-Tools include advocacy advertising, toll-free phone lines, bulk faxing, Web sites, computerized direct mail aimed at generating calls and letters.
Term
what is Stealth lobbying
Definition
-doing grass roots lobbying under a false front (e.g. tobacco)
Term
what happens in Elections campaigns
Definition
-candidates retain professionals to organize fund-raising activities.
Term
what is
Government communications
Definition
-Governmental offices have always engaged “public relations” officials.
Term
what are 527s
Definition
-Independent partisan organizations
-Retain nonprofit status while running issue campaigns
-Not be directly connected to national parties or candidates
Term
what did the 1913 Gillett Amendment do
Definition
it prevented paying “publicity” experts.
Term
what are the
Duties of a lobbyist
Definition
-Communicate works of government agency
-explain helping citizen understand and benefit
-provide feedback
-advise how to communicate an issue
-serve as ombudsman
-educate about how media works
Term
who is on the President's PR staff?
Definition
Director of communications: highest ranking PR official under the President

Press Secretary (primary spokesperson for the administration; one-step below President’s cabinet)
Term
what are the duties of the Press Secretary?
Definition
Collect information on what is happening inside the administration and around the world.
-Information includes summary of President’s daily schedule.
-Fields questions from white house press corps in briefings, press conference and
-press gaggles- on the record briefing w/o video recording through transcripts.
Term
what is the average tenure of the Presidential press secretary?
Definition
2.66 years
Term
what is International PR?
Definition
A planned and organized effort of a company, institution or government to establish mutually beneficial relations with the public of other nations.
Term
what is the Global Village?
Definition
-The world connected through means of electronic communication
-today almost one-third of all US corporate profits are generated through international business.
Term
Global village is evolving because of the 1990’s growth in
Definition
1) New Communications technology
2) Development of 24-hour financial markets worldwide
3) Lowering of trade barriers
4) Growth of foreign competition in American markets
5) Shrinking cultural differences
Term
what are high context communications?
Definition
-largely non-western countries
-meanings of words based upon environmental context and the relationship and not explicit statements
-(e.g. Asians and Arabs)
Term
what are low context communications?
Definition
-Great emphasis on exact words and meaning comes from verbalized statements, non-verbal; behavior cues.
-(e.g. Europe and America)
Term
what are some cultural differences
Definition
-Color white- in US means pure; in Asia means death
-German and Swiss thinking using first names makes person uncouth
-Chinese do nut number tables because it appears to “rank” guests or give some unlucky numbers
Term
Why do foreign countries hire US PR practitioners?
Definition
-to hold off protectionist moves threatening them
-to defeat legislation
-to support US expansion of products
-to provide ongoing information of politics, sociology or commerce to assist in marketing
Term
-Big companies need to understand that ___________ has a bad name is some places perceived as oppressive and exploitative in international arena.
Definition
capitalism
Term
What are some things corporations need to do in the international arena?
Definition
1)Companies need to pursue initiatives in the environment and human rights to get business.

2)NGOs can play a role in non-government organizations although NGOs hostile they need to understand they can play a role by lending seal of approval

Logos on products may show a company is endorsed is socially responsible.


3)International institutions like world trade organization are seen as un-transparent and undemocratic. They must build trust by opening up.
Term
what are some reasons PR practitioners represent other countries.
Definition
-advance political objectives
-advance commercial interests
-try to win support on specific issues
-help modify laws
-counsel countries on what reactions will be
-help cross language barriers
Term
what is the process for PR firms?
Definition
-bid for accounts
-gather info
-register to lobby
-establish information bureau to distribute facts
-use tools –ads, meet w/key officials to lobby
Term
Problems for Pr practitioners
Definition
-seen as advocates for human rights violations
-try to persuade country to change
-never expect favorable treatment
-whether to represent abusive nations
Term
in 1953 eisenhower created image machine called the
Definition
united states information agency
Term
PR is needed in various sized
Definition
nonprofits
Term
what makes nonprofits unique?
Definition
Their tax exempt status, it is critical.
-Why is the government willing to make them tax exempt? Because they enhance the well being of their members and society
Term
what are some basic needs of nonprofits?
Definition
-communication campaigns.
-volunteers/trained staff
-plans and menas to reach realistic fund-raising goals/Fundraising

Most contributions to nonprofits come not from corporations but from people.
Term
3 types of nonprofits
Definition
Trade associations

Labor Unions

Membership organizations
Term
Attorneys advertise most in
Definition
the yellow pages
Term
what do advocacy groups do?
Definition
-Environment is often major agenda item
-Promote recycling, elimination of toxic wastes, pure water/air, preserving natural resources
-Try to influence collective conscience: Greenpeace in 30 countries.
Term
what are social organizations?
Definition
social service, health, hospitals, religions, welfare, cultural, foundations
Term
what are the activities done by advocacy groups?
Definition
-Lobbying-national, state and local
-Litigation- file suits and seek court rulings
-Mass demonstrations- demonstrate public support
-Boycotts- “hit them in the pocket book”
-Reconciliations- cooperate with corporations
Term
what are 2 main tools of advocacy?
Definition
-Fund-raising
-Publicity
Term
what is an example of a social services agencies?
Definition
goodwill
Term
what do health agencies do?
Definition
target specific illnesses and use education and research to combat
Term
what do hospitals do?
Definition
conduct health programs
-may be tax-supported, non-profits or profit making, but heavy into fund-raising
Term
what do religious organizations do?
Definition
distribute charity
-Provide moral and ethical leadership
Term
welfare is
Definition
tax supported
Term
PR goals for every volunteer agency
Definition
1) Develop public awareness
2) Include use of services
3) Create educational materials
4) Recruit amend and train volunteers
5) Obtain funds to operate
Term
Ways to fundraise
Definition
-Corporate and foundations donations
-capital campaigns
-direct mail
-special events
-telephone solicitations
-800 and 900 numbers for contributors
-commercial enterprises
Term
-Why people volunteer?
Definition
to fill lonely life, make social contracts, for pride, for personal satisfaction.
-Retirees- excellent source of volunteers
Term
Fund-raising
Definition
-Answer to questions where will you get the money? Individuals 10/90 10% of the people in a population give the 90% of the money.
Term
what are the motivations people have to give money?
Definition
-Generosity-a desire to share
-Ego satisfaction- to get their names on things
-Peer pressure- can’t say no to peers
-love of what they are giving to
Term
what is a capital campaign?
Definition
-raising major amounts of money for buildings, endowments (one time expenditures)
Term
what are the content requirements of direct mail?
Definition
-attention getting headline
-humanize
-testimonials
-ask for specific action
-close with postscript

Always remember to do your feasibility research and don’t ignore or assume you know already.
Term
who is the head PR officer at a University?
Definition
the President
Term
what is involved with media relations?
Definition
-News bureau- is the most visible of University offices and (1) sends out news releases.
1) Promotes faculty and staff
2) Distributes news about students
3) Supports other parts of university advancement
4) Deals with media inquiries
Term
what does a PR officer do?
Definition
-Counselor—needs immediate access and direct reporting line to President.

-Serves internal publics – students, faculty, staff, alumni, donors, board (may serve athletics)

-Deals with external publics, such as governmental relations.
Term
what are other external publics?
Definition
-Community – head may serve on boards
-Prospective students/parents – helps develop/design recruiting plans, devices.
Term
each message you send to different publics needs to be
Definition
unique
Term
aspects of sports publicity
Definition
1) sports fans
2) sports critics
3) professional teams
4) high schools
5) prospective athletes
Term
what is included in title 9?
Definition
-affects sports publicity’s role related to equity for women.
-creates unique “watchdog” public.
Term
what are some of the resources for educational professionals?
Definition
-Council for the advancement and support of education- key PR arm for higher education.
Term
what are the crisis communication tools?
Definition
-need communication plan
-need key contact lists
-need key mailing lists
Term
how does PR work in elementary and secondary schools?
Definition
-PR person reports to superintendent
-works with board
-contact between media and board
-key difference between college and school PR programs, schooling is required so media is “friendlier” to schools.
Term
what are the key publics for school?
Definition
-voters
-media audiences
-community
-parents
Term
what is the ongoing communications systems for schools.
Definition
-weather
-health
-safety
-transportation
-athletics
Term
what is included in public education politics?
Definition
-A unique role and publics
-legislature
-city/county commissions
-bond issues
-tax issues
Term
-required: in colleges =, unique case occurs where academic freedom is concerned
Definition
Ethics
Term
the mass media glorifies entertainers
Definition
-Often nurtured by publicists that use questionable tactics and exaggerations.
-outside mainstream of PR

Fame-positions bring it
Fame- notoriety brings it

No longer a difference between fame and notoriety.
Term
what is a psuedo event?
Definition
-planned happening for the purpose of being reported
Term
why the fascination with celebrities?
Definition
-Celebrities are products of:
Natural public curiosity about an individual’s achievements of position in life.
-And publicity build-ups using PR techniques, (often pseudo-events ala PT Barnum)
Term
what drives the public to want to know about celebrities and their lives?
Definition
Natural instinct to know about each other
-appearances on talk shows
-TV interviews
-magazine articles
-on-line chat sessions
-ghost written books “no talents” become celebrities
Term
what are the motivating factors in the cult of personality?
Definition
-Fame
-Notoriety
-Self glorification- Donald Trump and Martha Stewart
-Repair of a bad image- Kobe Bryant
-Desire for money
-Psychological explanations
Term
what do you do to repair a bad image?
Definition
-Proclaim dismay and lack of knowledge
-make reparations
-reverse role-from offender to Crusader
-Arrange an event to make new commitment
-proclaim new role through media relations
-constructive actions and publicity have a compelling effect on audiences
Term
what are PR practitioners special responsibility with celebrities?
Definition
-Damage control- must protect the star once we make them a star
Term
Formula: when celebrities blunder
Definition
1): make an immediate response to minimize negative momentum. (20 second soundbites)
2) issue regret or denial
3) reveal your mistakes and apologize
4) make amends
5) have celebrity disappear from sight.
Term
how to create public awareness
Definition
1) Interview the client – use related experiences to make them seem girl next door.
2) Prepare a bio- stress the girl next door qualities
3) Plan a market strategy- determine what is to be sold (book, movie, TV series)
Term
What is drip-drip-drip
Definition
When we keep releaseing a little more and a little more info on an upcoming movie.
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