Term
| Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area |
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Definition
geographic area from which the
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates. |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west layout of the US Survey system |
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Term
| Survey - Standard Parallels |
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Definition
| parallels between the baselines in the US Survey |
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Term
| Survey - Principal Meridian |
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Definition
| meridian (north-south line that follows longitude of earth) that serves as the basis for the north‐south grid layout of the US Survey |
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Term
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Definition
| meridians between the principal meridians |
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Term
| Survey - Metes‐and‐bounds |
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Definition
| verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property until the point of the beginning is reached |
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Term
| Topography - Contour interval |
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Definition
| change in elevation between two contours. Smaller scaled maps typically have a larger interval for clarity. |
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Term
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Definition
| contours point “down” toward the lower elevation |
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Term
| Topography - Swale/Valley |
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Definition
| contours point “up” towards the higher elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| concentric circles with elevations getting higher towards the center |
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Term
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Definition
| concentric circles with the elevations getting lower towards the center |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry‐land protrusions |
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Term
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Definition
| an elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually vegetated and is normally without flowing water. |
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Term
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Definition
| low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location. They are more or less around for flood control when large amounts of rain could cause flash flooding if not dealt with properly |
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Term
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Definition
| designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely. Usually the pond is designed to have drainage leading to another location when the water level gets above the pond capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| system of rights and duties that determine the reasonable use, duties, and allocations of water to owners of waterfront property (includes bottomland, beach, and upland, but not the water itself). Owners can use water adjacent to their property, but can’t infringe upon the rights of others to use the water. |
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Term
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Definition
| water that flows across paved surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| how much radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where 0 is a flat black surface which absorbs all heat and 1 is a mirror (rate is listed as a fraction). |
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Term
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Definition
| the speed with which heat passes through a material. Metals are high, and soils/sand are low. |
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Term
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Definition
| based on latitude, elevation, and proximity to water. Water reduces temperature extremes. |
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Term
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Definition
| based on solar radiation, the angle between the ground and altitude |
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Term
| Macroclimate - Islands/Costal Region |
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Definition
| constant & moderate temperature |
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Term
| Macroclimate - Arid/Desert Region |
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Definition
| low humidity & greater temperature variation |
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Term
| Macroclimate - Mountainous Region |
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Definition
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Term
| Microclimate - Greatest sun rays |
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Definition
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Term
| Microclimate - Winter Solstice! |
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Definition
| least hours of sun and low sun angle |
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Term
| Microclimate - Summer Solstice |
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Definition
| most hours of sun and high sun angle |
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Term
| Microclimate - Vernal/Autumnal Equinox |
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Definition
| equal hours of sun and dark |
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Term
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Definition
| area 24 mi. on a side defined by parallels/meridians & divided into 16 townships |
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Term
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Definition
| area 6 miles on a side; divided into 36, 1-mile sections |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres |
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Term
| US Survey - Quarter Section |
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Definition
| area 1/2 miles on each side |
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Term
| Site Slope - flat area - good for all activities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Site Slope - steep - unusable |
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Definition
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Term
| Site Slope - very steep, subject to erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - storm drains ! |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - sanitary sewers! |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - street surface drainage |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - planted or large pavers |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - lawns |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - planted banks |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - parking area/lot! |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - automobile ramps |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - sidewalks |
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Definition
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Term
| Construction Slope - streets/paved driveways |
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Definition
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Term
| Determining Land Value - Comparison Method |
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Definition
| compared to other similar parcels (can be applied to all categories of use) and is the most accurate if current data is available. |
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Term
| Determining Land Value - Development Method |
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Definition
| when comparisons aren’t available, use estimates to determine the selling price of lot, cost to develop, time to develop, and net sale price |
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Term
| Determining Land Value - Residual/Income Approach Method |
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Definition
| used in highly developed areas by estimating potential income from improvements that yield the highest return (highest & best use) |
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Term
| Determining Land Value - Allocation Method |
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Definition
| used to determine value of improved properties by deducting the value of site improvements to get the value of the land. |
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Term
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Definition
| well drained and able to bear loads (+2 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
| well drained and can serve as foundation when graded (0.5 - 2 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
| stable when dry, swells when frozen, do not use when wet (.002 - .05 mm) |
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Term
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Definition
| must be removed, too stiff whe dry and too plastic when wet ( < .002 mm) |
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Term
| Land Problems - Water within 6’-0” of land surface: |
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Definition
| pump out excavation, waterproof basement, resist hydrostatic pressure (continuous drain pipe installed at foundation) |
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Term
| Land Problems - Rock at/near surface of site: |
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Definition
| use explosives to reduce manual labor |
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Term
| Land Problems - Soil is soft clay, waterbearing sand or silt: |
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Definition
| deeper foundations or drive piles, remove poor soil |
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Term
| Land Problems - Underground streams |
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Definition
| avoid and be cautious of siting of structure |
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Term
| Land Problems - Cut and Fill |
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Definition
| balance it. There shouldn’t be more taken away than added or vice versa |
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Term
| Bearing Capacity - Bedrock |
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Definition
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Term
| Bearing Capacity - Well graded gravel/sand |
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Definition
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Term
| Bearing Capacity - Compacted sand/fill |
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Definition
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Term
| Bearing Capacity - Silt/Clay |
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Definition
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Term
| Foundations - Spread Footing |
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Definition
| Most economical…$ method. Delivers load directly to soil. Area of the footing = load/safe bearing capacity. |
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Term
| Foundations - Mat Foundations |
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Definition
| Very expensive…$$$ method. Typically it’s only used when the strata is weak, and it acts as one continuous foundation. |
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Term
| Foundations - Belled Caissons |
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Definition
| holes are drilled to firm strata and concrete poured. They’re basically really, really deep spread footings |
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Term
| Foundations - Socketed Caissons |
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Definition
| like Belled Caissons, but the hole is drilled deep into the strata. Bearing capacity comes from end baring and frictional forces |
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Term
| Foundations - End Bearing Piles |
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Definition
| 2-3x cost of spread footings. Driven until tip meets firm resistance from strata |
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Term
| Foundations - Friction Pile |
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Definition
| Driven into softer soil. Friction transmits the load between pile and soil. bearing capacity is limited by whichever is weaker: the strength of the pile or the soil |
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