Term
| The goal of population genetics |
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Definition
| to understand the genetic composition of a population and the forces that determine and change that composition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of breeding individuals |
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Term
| The frequency of an allele in a population can be changed as a result of... |
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Definition
(1) mutation
(2) selection
(3) migration
(4) random sampling effects which is sometimes referred to as random genetic drift |
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Term
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Definition
| The relative frequency of a particular genotype in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic frequency of the heterozygous genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotypic frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype |
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Term
| equation for genotypic frequencies |
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Definition
P + H + Q = 1
P = Genotypic frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype
H = Genotypic frequency of the heterozygous genotype
Q = Genotypic frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype
Genotype frequencies at a locus add up to ONE |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequency of the dominant allele |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequency of the recessive allele |
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Term
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Definition
| The relative frequency of alleles in a population |
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Term
| equation for allele frequencies |
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Definition
p + q = 1
p = Frequency of the dominant allele
q = Frequency of the recessive allele
Allele frequencies at a locus always add up to ONE |
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Term
| how to calculate genotype frequency |
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Definition
f(BB) = 30/100 = 0.30 =P
f(Bb) = 60/100 = 0.60 =H
f(bb) = 10/100 = 0.10 =Q |
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Term
| how to calculate allele frequency |
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Definition
p = f(B) = ((BB + ½Bb)/N) = P + ½H
q = f(b) = ((bb + ½Bb)/N) = Q + ½H |
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Term
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
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Definition
| In a large random mating population in the absence of selection, mutation, drift or migration, the allele frequency remains constant from generation to generation |
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Term
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Definition
| When each member of that population has an equal opportunity of mating with any individual of the opposite sex |
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Term
| The genotypic frequency of the progeny depends ONLY on the ______ of the parent and NOT on the ______ of the parent. |
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Definition
Allele frequency
genotypic frequency |
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Term
| some factors that can cause changes in allele and genotypic frequencies |
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Definition
-selection
-migration
-random drift
-mutation
-differences of fertility and viability |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that determines which individuals become parents, and how many offspring they produce affect allele frequency. Selection causes changes in allele frequency. |
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Term
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Definition
| The allele frequency of a population may change as a result of movement of individuals into or out of a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| The alleles transmitted from one generation to the next are a sample of alleles in the parent generation. Allele frequencies can change due purely to chance. The smaller the number of parents selected to breed offspring for the next generation, the greater the propensity of allele frequency change due to chance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process that alters DNA sequence creates new alleles or causes a population to lose alleles. Creation or loss of alleles causes changes in allele frequency. |
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Term
| Differences of fertility and viability |
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Definition
| Differences in fertility in the parental generation will lead to unequal contribution of progeny towards the next generation; which could affect the allele frequency in the progeny generation. At the same time, differences in viability in the progeny generation can also alter allele frequency. |
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Term
| some assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg law |
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Definition
-random mating
-equal fertility and viability |
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Term
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Definition
| When all individuals have an equal chance of mating |
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Term
| Equal Fertility and Viability |
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Definition
| Differences in fertility/viability mean unequal gametic frequencies, leading to changes in allele frequencies. |
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