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| the study of the basis of heredity and variation |
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| simply means that offspring develop some of the same characteristics like their parents |
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| Any consistently observed or measured characteristics off an individual |
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| the observable or measurable form of a trait |
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| A cross between genotypes (pure-lines) that is homozygous for alternative alleles of the same gene |
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| phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross between 2 heterozygotes |
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| different or alternative form of a gene |
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| the genetic makeup of an individual |
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| MENDEL’S LAW OF SEGREGATION |
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| Members of each pair of alleles separate from each other when an individual forms germ cells or gametes |
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| The basic unit of inheritance consisting of DNA segment at a specific location on a chromosome |
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| which are very long strands of DNA in the nucleus of every cell of an organism |
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| The specific location of a gene on a chromosome |
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| number of chromosomes in a chicken |
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| 78 (38 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome) |
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| the way the sex chromosomes are in birds |
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| The sex or gender that makes two different chromosomal types of gamete; e.g. female birds (Z and W) |
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| The sex or gender that makes only one chromosomal type of gamete; e.g. male birds (Z). |
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| An offspring resulting from a cross between genotypes that are homozygous for the alternative alleles of a gene. |
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| cross of pure line plants that differ at two loci |
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| MENDEL’S LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT |
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| Segregation of genes at one locus does not influence the segregation of genes at another locus |
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law of segregation
law of independent assortment |
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| why could have Mendel been lucky? |
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| because all the traits he observed each occur on different chromosomes |
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| If two different genes are located relatively close to each other on the same chromosome they cannot segregate independently |
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| Traits are determined by more than one gene, e.g. egg size, body weight. |
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| A gene can affect more than one trait. |
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| Mitochondria have their own DNA, and mitochondria DNA is maternally inherited. Therefore some traits may be under the control of genes in the cytoplasm (mitochondria). |
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| Interaction of alleles of two or more genes to define a phenotype. |
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| how comb type is determined in chickens |
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| interactions of the rose and pea loci |
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| example of epistasis in chickens |
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| interaction of the rose and pea loci to determine comb type |
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| When an offspring inherit both alleles of gene from one parent and none from the other parent. |
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