Term
| two initial goals that a primary breeder needs to accomplish before improving trait(s) |
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Definition
(1) Establish a population with no inbreeding.
(2) Establish a population with maximum heterozygosity. |
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Term
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Definition
| mating of individuals that are related to each other by ancestry or through a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| an ancestor common to the parents of an inbred individual |
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Term
| when an individual is not inbred |
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Definition
| when its parents do not have a common ancestor |
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Term
| inbreeding coefficient (F) |
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Definition
| The probability that two alleles at any locus in an individual are identical by descent. |
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Term
| The inbreeding coefficient, F, compares... |
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Definition
| the population in question with some specified or implied BASE Population. |
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Term
| inbreeding coefficient (F) of the base population |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inbreeding coefficient at generation 0 (t=0), and is equal to ZERO |
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Term
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Definition
| the inbreeding in a population at generation t |
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Term
| Ft estimates the inbreeding in a population at generation t, by... |
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Definition
| comparing the degree of relationship between individuals at generation t, and the base population |
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Term
| the chance of a gamete uniting with another of the same type |
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Definition
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Term
| Probability that 2 alleles drawn at random are the same |
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Definition
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Term
| Probability that 2 alleles drawn at random are different |
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Definition
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Term
| Inbreeding at any generation is made up two parts, which are... |
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Definition
1. An increment of 1/2N attributed to new inbreeding
2. Remainder, attributed to previous inbreeding |
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Term
| general equation for inbreeding |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. An increment of 1/2N attributed to new inbreeding
2. Remainder, attributed to previous inbreeding |
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Term
| increment attributed to new inbreeding |
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Definition
1/2N
the remainder is attributed to previous inbreeding |
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Term
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Definition
| I think this is increment or rate of inbreeding |
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Term
| how to calculate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) |
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Definition
| ΔF = (1/2N)
Ft = ΔF + (1 - ΔF)Ft-1
ΔF = (Ft - Ft-1) / (1 - Ft-1) |
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Term
| main effect of inbreeding |
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Definition
| decreases heterozygousity |
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Term
| Steps to determine inbreeding of an individual when doing a pedigree |
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Definition
1. Identify the parents of individual I.
2. Identify the common ancestor of the parents of I.
3. Determine the number of generation between the common ancestor and the first parent (n)
4. Determine the number of generation between the common ancestor and the second parent (n’) |
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Term
| how to determine the inbreeding coefficient of individual, I |
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Definition
1. The parents of I are B and C
2. The common ancestor of B and C is A
3. The number of generation between A and B, i.e. n=1
4. The number of generation between A and C, i.e. n’=1 |
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Term
| how to calculate The additive genetic relationship (a) between two collateral relatives |
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Definition
| a = (1/2)n+n’ (1 + F)
F = inbreeding coefficient of the common ancestor of the two collateral relatives |
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Term
| value of F when the inbreeding coefficient of the common ancestor is unknown |
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Definition
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Term
| the additive relationship between B and C in a pedigree |
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Definition
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Term
| Inbreeding coefficient of an individual is... |
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Definition
| half of the additive relationship between its parents |
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Term
| inbreeding coefficient of I |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the tabular method |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 key concepts in the tabular method |
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Definition
1. The additive relationship between an individual and itself
2. The additive relationship between an individual and another individual. |
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Term
| Additive relationship between an individual i and itself |
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Definition
| aii = 1 + (1/2) asidi = 1 + Fi |
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Term
| Additive relationship between an individual i and individual j |
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Definition
| aij = (1/2) (aisj + aidj ) = aji |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between j and the sire of i |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between j and the dam of i |
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Term
| value of aisj and aidj when the parents are absent |
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Definition
set to zero
unidentified parents are assumed to be unrelated |
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Term
| rules for doing a table relating to a pedigree |
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Definition
1. Write down animals from oldest to youngest in the first row
2. Write down animals from oldest to youngest in the first column
3. Write down the parents of animal in the first row on top of them. |
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Term
| depiction of a table based on a pedigree |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the level or frequency of heterozygous genotypes in the population |
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Term
| relationship between allele and genotype frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| when the frequency of heterozygotes is maximum |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship between heterozygosity, inbreeding, and allele frequency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The unit of distance on a genetic map equivalent to 1% of recombination; also called a map unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of observed double crossover to the expected double crossovers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The arrangement of linked genes in the double heterozygote in which both the dominant or recessive alleles are located on one chromatid. |
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Term
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Definition
| An exchange of non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes that results in the recombination of linked genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene that is represented only on one sex chromosome and has no alternative allele on the other sex chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the level or frequency of heterozygous genotypes in the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mating of individuals related by ancestry. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of crossover in one region to inhibit crossover in the adjacent region. |
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Term
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Definition
| The probability that two genes located on the same chromosome are transmitted together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alleles present in an offspring chromosome that are the same as that found in one of the parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromosome that results from crossing over, and carries allele combination that differ from that found in both parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of recombinants to the total number of gametic chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The arrangement of linked genes in the double heterozygote in which one dominant and one recessive allele are located on one chromatid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits determined by genes on the sex chromosome. |
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