Term
| 2nd most important thing to know when cleaning up the facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After 21 days of incubation, development is not as distinct in ______ as seen in 10 day candle analysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After 21 days of incubation, development is not as distinct in early dead embryos as seen in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After ______ days of incubation, development is not as distinct in early dead embryos as seen in 10 day candle analysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waste deposits, gas exchange, absorbs albumen from egg contents and Ca from shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sac that holds the developing embryo, has transparent material that the embryo floats in |
|
|
Term
| Artificial incubation is a method to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Being above ______ on fertility is pretty good |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biggest change in incubation |
|
Definition
| what selection for meat and yield has done to the eggs we incubate, slow changes over time |
|
|
Term
| Breeders cost an incredible amount of money to feed if they’re... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Buttons, wicks, strings or protruding yolk sac/intestines are an indication that... |
|
Definition
-Egg did not lose enough moisture or lost too much moisture
-Incubation was too advanced by overheating- final hatch process got out of order |
|
|
Term
| Candling not as popular a diagnostic tool because of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell division starts ______ shortly after the union of spermatozoa and the germ cell of the egg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell division starts within the hen shortly after ______. |
|
Definition
| the union of spermatozoa and the germ cell of the egg |
|
|
Term
| Chicks that spend a long time struggling to get out of the shell often... |
|
Definition
| bruise or cut themselves on the hocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane that comes in direct contact with shell membrane, aids in gas exchange as it fuses with allantois |
|
|
Term
| Clear and dead embryos are removed by ______ used at transfer to hatcher. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clear and dead embryos are removed by inovo inject equipment used at ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the destruction of all vegetative forms of microorganisms |
|
|
Term
| Egyptians built ______ to incubate bird eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every hour chicks are in ______, they need to gain a certain amount of weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every hour chicks are in the broiler house, they need to ______ |
|
Definition
| gain a certain amount of weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the % of eggs that are fertile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fertile eggs that hatch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you got ______ eggs, you gotta proof it to your nutritionist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you got thin-shelled eggs, you gotta ______ |
|
Definition
| proof it to your nutritionist |
|
|
Term
| If your specific gravity is ______, you got good eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ______ that have thin shell and poor fertility, you could see egg contents on the chicks as they go through the separation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In large numbers, poorly healed navels suggest that ______, or moisture loss was off |
|
Definition
| the hatch was dragging, delayed |
|
|
Term
| In large numbers, poorly healed navels suggest that the hatch was dragging, delayed, or ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In older breeder flocks that have ______, you could see egg contents on the chicks as they go through the separation |
|
Definition
| thin shell and poor fertility |
|
|
Term
| In older breeder flocks that have thin shell and poor fertility, you could see ______ on the chicks as they go through the separation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small numbers, unhealed navels just indicate ______- so not enough incubation time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small numbers, unhealed navels just indicate a few green chicks- so ______ |
|
Definition
| not enough incubation time |
|
|
Term
| Influence of flock age on reproductive failures |
|
Definition
as flock gets older, you see...
-a decline in live pips
-more farm cracks
-more contaminated eggs
-more transfer cracks |
|
|
Term
| Less heart growth in chicks could lead to... |
|
Definition
-ascites
-higher mortality |
|
|
Term
| MSDS are available from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Machines that have no ______ make it difficult to get to 10-12 day old embryos for candling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Machines that have no central hallway make it difficult to get to 10-12 day old embryos for ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Machines that have no central hallway make it difficult to get to ______ day old embryos for candling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most important aspect for quality chick |
|
Definition
| Don’t overheat this embryo, especially in the last week |
|
|
Term
| Need to candle ______ eggs for good estimate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One downside to a breeder |
|
Definition
| could lose egg production |
|
|
Term
| People have been incubating bird eggs since... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Remove organic matter with... |
|
Definition
-soap/water
-high pressure water
-and/or hot water |
|
|
Term
| Requirements of good chemical sanitizers |
|
Definition
-Non coroding and non staining
-Water soluble
-Penetrating (lower surface tension - stay on surface long enough to be effective)
-Effective with moderate organics
-Smell good
-Inexpensive
-Highly germicidal (biggy)
-Nontoxic to man and fowl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| *** what we do *** - the reduction of pathogenic organism numbers to a level that is not harmful |
|
|
Term
| Some dead eggs get this around the embryo |
|
Definition
caseous material
caseous material is material that's undergone caseation, which is necrosis with conversion of damaged tissue into a soft cheesy substance |
|
|
Term
| Some of the single stage incubators are not opened until ______, so no opportunity to candle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of the single stage incubators are not opened until transfer, so no opportunity to ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the destruction of all infective and reproductive forms of all microorganisms |
|
|
Term
| The ______ period is critical to performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The baby chick doesn’t use that yolk sac much if... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breeder manager is most interested in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fertile egg forms the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incubation period is critical to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main advantage of multi-stage incubators |
|
Definition
| you have to add heat to eggs at the youngest stages of incubation and you have to remove heat at the older stages- sharing heat between these stages, more economical |
|
|
Term
| When you look into the batch of chicks, they should... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indication of what chick has used or left behind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds yolk material and aids in nutrient movement to embryo (first stomach) |
|
|
Term
| You need this number to get the hatch of fertile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your ______ depends on how serious you see and act on biosecurity issues |
|
Definition
| personal income and the mortgage on the house |
|
|
Term
| Your personal income and the mortgage on the house depends on ______ |
|
Definition
| how serious you see and act on biosecurity issues |
|
|
Term
| ______ built clay ovens to incubate bird eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ embryos are removed by inovo inject equipment used at transfer to hatcher. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ fertility can be called infertile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chick's weight gain and FCR are affected by... |
|
Definition
| hatchery and chick quality |
|
|
Term
| a problem that can be caused by high relative humidity |
|
Definition
| less moisture loss than we need |
|
|
Term
| a type of beetle to keep out of the hen and rearing houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accuracy of fresh egg breakout |
|
Definition
-Not as accurate as candle analysis
-2-5% error with no incubation of eggs |
|
|
Term
| advantages of single-stage incubator |
|
Definition
| provide more exact conditions for the embryos, better hatch, better quality chicks |
|
|
Term
| after establishing a new flock, don't visit... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age at which hatching eggs are vaccinated |
|
Definition
| 17.5-19 days of incubation |
|
|
Term
| age of flock that doesn't put together well |
|
Definition
| young flock; assume younger than 30 weeks |
|
|
Term
| allow surface to do this before reuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allow surface to do this before reusing it |
|
Definition
| Allow it to dry before reusing |
|
|
Term
| an animal that can bring in disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an indicator that incubation proceeded too fast |
|
Definition
| yolk sac or gut left outside the body |
|
|
Term
| an insect that carries salmonella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are all eggs with dark colored fluid contaminated or middle dead? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
| basics for proper egg incubation |
|
Definition
| -temp (99.5-99.9°F)
-relative humidity (55-75%)
-turning (once every hour)
-fresh air or ventilation (remove excess heat and CO2) |
|
|
Term
| benefits of ideal incubation temperature |
|
Definition
-Increases hatch
-More yolk free chick weight at hatch
-Less residual yolk, more yolk nutrients were utilized
-Good heart and intestinal growth
-Increases breast meat yield |
|
|
Term
| buggy type multi-stage machine |
|
Definition
| buggies are added on one side of the machine 4 days/wk and buggies w/ 18 day old embryos are removed from the other end of the machine (Jamesway) |
|
|
Term
| buildup of this inside the egg damages the egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necrosis with conversion of damaged tissue into a soft cheesy substance |
|
|
Term
| chick length vs. performance |
|
Definition
| Chick length not highly correlated to performance |
|
|
Term
| chick weight at hatch vs. performance |
|
Definition
| Chick weight at hatch or at day 1 is strongly correlated to optimum performance |
|
|
Term
| chicken eggs need how many days to hatch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chickens tend to hatch over a ______ hour period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chicks that are struggling to get out of the shell tend to... |
|
Definition
| have more leg injuries or splay legs |
|
|
Term
| chicks to not send to broiler house |
|
Definition
-wet chicks
-chicks with open navels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenols
-Halogens
-Quaternary ammonium compounds
-Formaldehyde |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage that can be detected from candle analysis |
|
Definition
-Cracks, farm and handling, also hairline cracks from mechanical nests
-Contaminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excellent killing agent and human carcinogen; also takes cillia off of your trachea |
|
|
Term
| dehydration in newly hatched chicks could be mostly due to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| details about fresh egg breakout |
|
Definition
-Break open unincubated eggs
-Observe the germinal disc
-Not as accurate as candle analysis
-2-5% error with no incubation of eggs |
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of mass candling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of multi-stage machine with stationary rack with central hallway |
|
Definition
| a bit higher on labor and a bit less efficient |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of single-stage incubator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diseases are often brought into the broiler house by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do this after each hatch in a broiler hatchery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early embryonic mortality higher in classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effectiveness of formaldehyde |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eggs are in hatcher until ______% of chicks are dry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first thing to do when cleaning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first thing to do when you use sanitizers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fresh egg contents on chick relates to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| germinal disc of fertile egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| germinal disc of infertile egg |
|
Definition
| unorganized white germinal disc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have these clothes for visitors after starting a new flock |
|
Definition
-disposable boots
-coveralls
-hairnets |
|
|
Term
| hen's age vs. specific gravity of eggs |
|
Definition
| Specific gravity of eggs decreases with hen’s age |
|
|
Term
| high incubation temp causes... |
|
Definition
-Lower hatch
-Decreased yolk free chick
-Lower yolk sac utilization
-Less intestinal growth
-Less heart growth
-Poor bone strength
-More downgraded chicks |
|
|
Term
| how a sanitizer has to be regarding metal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how age affects chick quality |
|
Definition
| chicks from young hens are not good quality (lots of early deads) |
|
|
Term
| how age of flock affects reproductive performance |
|
Definition
| Fertility, hatchability, and hatch of fertile decrease as the flock gets older |
|
|
Term
| how breed/strain may affect chick quality |
|
Definition
| Some birds are easier to work with and some are more delicate |
|
|
Term
| how candling tells you whether an egg is fertile or infertile |
|
Definition
| Infertile eggs will be bright in color and those with a well developed embryo will be dark in color |
|
|
Term
| how clean the egg cooler needs to be |
|
Definition
| The egg cooler should be one of the cleanest places in the hatchery |
|
|
Term
| how clean the eggs that go to the hatchery need to be |
|
Definition
| The eggs that go to the hatchery need to be as clean as possible |
|
|
Term
| how condensation increases bacterial contamination of eggs |
|
Definition
| allows bacteria, such as salmonella, to get thru the pores |
|
|
Term
| how cooling off the table egg affects bacteria |
|
Definition
| The faster you cool off the table egg, the less bacteria will grow on it |
|
|
Term
| how far away the hatchery could be from the laying house |
|
Definition
| a few miles to 50-100 miles |
|
|
Term
| how flock age affects late dead embryonic mortality |
|
Definition
| Late dead (15-21 days) mortality higher before 30 weeks due to not putting the egg together exactly and higher after 45 or so weeks because of incubation issues, something like that |
|
|
Term
| how flock age affects middle dead embryonic mortality |
|
Definition
| The middle dead (8-14 days) doesn’t change much |
|
|
Term
| how formaldehyde should be used |
|
Definition
| should be used such that there’s very little human exposure |
|
|
Term
| how hatching eggs are vaccinated |
|
Definition
| transfer eggs from incubator flats to hatcher baskets and vaccinated (inovo) at 17.5-19 days of incubation |
|
|
Term
| how length of storage affects hatchability |
|
Definition
| Hatchability goes down the longer the eggs are stored |
|
|
Term
| how long to store hatching eggs |
|
Definition
| Store them for 7 days or less |
|
|
Term
| how much of a chick's life is spent in the incubator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how newly hatched chicks are processed before going to the broiler house |
|
Definition
| Chicks are separated from the hatch debris, counted and obvious culls removed. Also could get post-hatch vaccinations. |
|
|
Term
| how often hatcheries micro test facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often hatcheries test chicks |
|
Definition
| once per week or every other week |
|
|
Term
| how often hatching eggs are picked up per week |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often hatching occurs in a broiler hatchery |
|
Definition
| typically, broiler hatcheries hatch 4 days a week, MTRF |
|
|
Term
| how often to pick up eggs from the farms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often to rotate rodent baits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often you want to turn the egg in egg incubation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the navel has to be in a newly hatched chick before it goes to the broiler house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the patter needs to be to ensure that there is more uniformity in healthy chicks |
|
Definition
| The patter needs to be tighter towards the center to ensure that there is more uniformity in healthy chicks |
|
|
Term
| how timing of hatch in the hatch patter affects healing |
|
Definition
| Chicks hatched early in the hatch patter will be healed very well but later will not be healed well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Expose eggs that have been incubated for 10-12 days (broiler breeder eggs) to a bright light source |
|
|
Term
| how to do fresh egg breakout |
|
Definition
-Break open unincubated eggs
-Observe the germinal disc |
|
|
Term
| how to heat the building when sanitizing |
|
Definition
| Heat up the building as much as possible so chemical is more effective |
|
|
Term
| how to prevent overheating among newly hatched chicks that are headed to the broiler farm |
|
Definition
| space the stacks to prevent overheating |
|
|
Term
| if the chick's navel isn't sealed,... |
|
Definition
| you’re likely to have a poor quality chick that won’t perform for you |
|
|
Term
| if the leg veins of newly hatched chicks are easy to see,... |
|
Definition
| the pull time is too late |
|
|
Term
| if the newly hatched chick's navel isn't tightly cloced,... |
|
Definition
| it runs the risk of being torn open in the broiler house |
|
|
Term
| if there's too little moisture loss during incubation, you get... |
|
Definition
| mushy, low quality chicks that are more susceptible to bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
| if you allow the hen to incubate,... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you remove the egg from the hen’s nest, she will... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impact of incubator relative humidity on chick quality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impact of incubator temp on chick quality |
|
Definition
| Major impact influencing embryo development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MUST be present; know it for everything you have |
|
|
Term
| in incubation, eggs go from ______ to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, ______ close to save heat but will suffer by not getting enough oxygen in the machine and moisture out of the machine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, dampers close to save ______ but will suffer by not getting enough oxygen in the machine and moisture out of the machine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, dampers close to save heat but will suffer by not getting enough ______ in the machine and moisture out of the machine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, dampers close to save heat but will suffer by not getting enough oxygen in the machine and ______ out of the machine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, it's important to create ______ environment in machines, get rid of heat and CO2, bring in O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, it's important to create homogenous environment in machines, get rid of ______, bring in O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, it's important to create homogenous environment in machines, get rid of heat and CO2, bring in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, the machine will try to ______, but we want to run it under ideal conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in room and machine ventilation, the machine will try to compensate, but we want to run it under ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| industry average for chicken eggs to be incubated (in hours) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| industry preferred method of candling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infor obtained from candle analysis |
|
Definition
-Estimate of fertility
-Early dead mortality
-Some mid-deads
-Cracks, farm and handling, also hairline cracks from mechanical nests
-Percent of upside-down eggs
-Contaminated
-Need to candle 400-600 eggs for good estimate
-Removing only the clear eggs so viable eggs go on to yield chicks |
|
|
Term
| is temperature differential conducive to a chick's performance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the egg shell solid or pourous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| late dead mortality higher among flocks older than 45 weeks because of... |
|
Definition
| incubation issues, which can be caused by size of egg |
|
|
Term
| late dead mortality higher among flocks younger than 30 weeks because of... |
|
Definition
| not putting the egg together exactly |
|
|
Term
| late embryonic mortality higher in classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| less residual yolk material is an indicator that... |
|
Definition
| more yolk nutrients were utilized |
|
|
Term
| let hatcher baskets do this after being sanitized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower hatch could be due to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| middle embryonic mortality higher in classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eggs are added over time and there are different or multiple stages of incubation |
|
|
Term
| multi-stage machine with stationary rack with central hallway |
|
Definition
| group of individual trays are added to machine 4 days/wk and another group of trays are removed from the machine (Chick Master) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically a scab on the navel |
|
|
Term
| number of hours eggs are in hatcher |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one way organic matter reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants |
|
Definition
| Disinfectant may react with and then be inactivated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people to not allow to visit after you start a new flock |
|
Definition
| people that have chicks or birds of any kind |
|
|
Term
| people working on the broiler breeder side aren’t allowed to have any... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people working on this side aren’t allowed to have any domestic birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preblood fertility can be called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prevent this after starting a new flock |
|
Definition
| Prevent introducing infectious agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chick from a young breeder flock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing chicks from machine |
|
|
Term
| rate of kill with disinfectant |
|
Definition
| Initial lag, but more die in the beginning than later |
|
|
Term
| read this before using the disinfectant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abrasion on hock, which indicates struggle to get out of shell |
|
|
Term
| red hocks or red beaks may be caused by... |
|
Definition
| Dehydration, mostly due to humidity |
|
|
Term
| remove this before you use sanitizers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotate disinfectants how often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sanitation program in most hatcheries |
|
Definition
| most hatcheries micro test facility once per month, test chicks once per week or every other week |
|
|
Term
| set temp for meat yielding strains today |
|
Definition
| 99.5-99.3°F- some even as low as 99.2°F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another term for incubator |
|
|
Term
| shell or egg contents on chick could indicate... |
|
Definition
-incubation proceeded too fast
-relative humidity too low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| machine is filled with all the same stage of embryos |
|
|
Term
| size of chicks from older hens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some chick quality issues |
|
Definition
-Increases hatch
-More yolk free chick weight at hatch
-Less residual yolk, more yolk nutrients were utilized
-Good heat and intestinal growth
-Increases breast meat yield
-Splay leg
-Red hock |
|
|
Term
| some classes of disinfectants |
|
Definition
-Phenols
-Halogens (iodine or hypochlorite)
-Quaternary ammonium compounds
-Formaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| some criteria for evaluating chick quality |
|
Definition
-livability
-productivity
-weight at hatch
-appearance
-activity
-free of navel buttons and wicks/strings
-no red beaks |
|
|
Term
| some details about determining whether an egg is fertile or infertile |
|
Definition
-In incubated eggs-- don’t try to pour the egg contents out. Yolk membrane is fragile after incubation and will likely break leaving you to guess the fertility status of the egg
-Crack the top of the egg and remove the top portion of the shell
-Germinal disc will likely be on top |
|
|
Term
| some details about embryonic development |
|
Definition
-Cell division starts within the hen shortly after the union of spermatozoa and the germ cell of the egg. Strain differences in cell division at the time of lay (stage X or 10 when laid).
-The fertile egg forms the blastoderm, which forms 2 cell layer, the ectoderm and endoderm (within hen) third layer forms about the time the egg is laid (mesoderm)
-Stage 10 is the ideal stage for the embryo to go dormant and resume development in the incubator |
|
|
Term
| some details about incubation of hatching eggs |
|
Definition
-Chicken need 21 days to hatch (industry average 504-512 hours of incubation time)
-Turkey eggs need about 28 days to hatch
-Some strains need little more or less incubation time and temp (even some strains in the same company) |
|
|
Term
| some details about residue analysis |
|
Definition
-Complete picture (set thru hatch)
-Early, mid, and late embryonic mortality
-Pips and culls, live and dead
-Cracks, farm, and transfer
-Contaminated
-Cull or abnormal shelled eggs
-4-6 trays of residue, unhatched of 400-600 incubated eggs
-Match candled tray with residue tray and finish
-If the shell is cracked, the membrane could become kinda papery, which is harder for the chick to pip thru |
|
|
Term
| some factors of productivity of a chick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some factors that affect chick quality |
|
Definition
-Incubation temp
-Incubator relative humidity
-Room and machine ventilation
-And other- breed/strain, hen age, shell quality, etc. |
|
|
Term
| some halogens used as disinfectants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some issues with candling eggs |
|
Definition
-Candling not as popular a diagnostic tool because of style of incubators. Machines that have no central hallway make it difficult to get to 10-12 day old embryos for candling.
-Some of the single stage incubators are not opened until transfer, so no opportunity to candle.
-Clear and dead embryos are removed by inovo inject equipment used at transfer to hatcher. These egg removers are conservative- leaving any egg with a possibility of being alive. |
|
|
Term
| some reasons some eggs don't hatch |
|
Definition
-Contaminated, dirty nest, wet floors, floor egg
-Size and shape
-Cracked, collection schedule, floor egg, thin shells
-Not fertile
-Uneven hen size
-Handling and storage conditions and length (This includes vehicles bumping up and down while carrying eggs) |
|
|
Term
| some reproductive things that decrease as the flock gets older |
|
Definition
-Fertility
-hatchability
-hatch of fertile |
|
|
Term
| some things indicated by small yolk sac |
|
Definition
| Smaller yolk sac = utilized more nutrients and lost good amount of moisture during incubation |
|
|
Term
| some things low relative humidity during incubation can do to the chicks |
|
Definition
-Dehydrates the eggs and chicks
-Causes lower body weight at hatch (more unused yolk), lower performance
-Can cause red hock because of struggling to get out of shell |
|
|
Term
| some things that affect the accuracy of estimates of more developed but dead embryos in mass candling |
|
Definition
-Size (or age of the breeder flock)
-Placement of an egg on the light table |
|
|
Term
| some things that can be estimated from candle analysis |
|
Definition
-Estimate of fertility
-Early dead mortality
-Some mid-deads
-Percent of upside-down eggs |
|
|
Term
| some things that can downgrade chicks |
|
Definition
-buttons
-wicks
-strings
-etc. |
|
|
Term
| some things to have in place after starting a new flock |
|
Definition
-Don’t visit other poultry farms and down allow others to visit that have chicks or birds of any kind
-Have dedicated poultry house clothing and shoes
-Have a visitors log (record every person, day and time that visits your farm)
-Have disposable boots, coveralls, and hairnets for all visitors to your house
-Use locks - locks make for honest people
-Fence and gate around the houses
-Have no other birds
-Do not let your pets visit chicken houses |
|
|
Term
| some things to have in place when you have a broiler breeder flock |
|
Definition
-Have a visitor’s log
-Have disposable protective gear for all visitors
-Make it obvious that you don’t want a casual visitor
-Have no other birds
-Don’t let your pets visit |
|
|
Term
| some things you don't want in chicks |
|
Definition
-navel buttons
-wicks/strings
-red beaks
-red hocks |
|
|
Term
| some things you want in the appearance of a chick |
|
Definition
-bright eyes
-clean
-sealed navel |
|
|
Term
| some variation that occurs with hatching eggs |
|
Definition
| Some strains need little more or less incubation time and temp (even some strains in the same company) |
|
|
Term
| something that can affect the embryo if the shell is cracked |
|
Definition
| If the shell is cracked, the membrane could become kinda papery, which is harder for the chick to pip thru |
|
|
Term
| something that can cause incubation issues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something that relative humidity of incubator can cause in chicks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something you don't want on the chick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something you don't want on the chicks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something you have to remove when cleaning the facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| standard incubation temp for meat yielding strains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temp at which sanitizers work best |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temperature at which disinfectants work better |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temperature of farm cooler |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temperature of hatchery cooler |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2 types of multi-stage machines |
|
Definition
-stationary rack with central hallway
-buggy type |
|
|
Term
| the 4 extraembryonic membranes that develop during incubation |
|
Definition
-amnion
-chorion
-yolk sac
-allantois |
|
|
Term
| the amount of change that indicates a problem in middle dead flock mortality |
|
Definition
| more than half of a percent |
|
|
Term
| the amount of days you need for viruses and bacteria to die |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of down time needed for hen houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of down time needed for rearing houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of downtime needed after you clean the facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of downtime you need for hen houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of downtime you need for rearing houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of moisture eggs need to lose in multistage machines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of moisture that constitutes dehydrated hatching chicks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of time required for a disinfectant to kill |
|
Definition
| ~30 minutes- not instantaneous |
|
|
Term
| the amount of turning provided by the incubator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the biggest biosecurity issue when starting a new flock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the biggest problems after starting a new flock |
|
Definition
| People and equipment are the biggest problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 cell layer, the ectoderm and endoderm |
|
|
Term
| the chicks that are removed before going to the broiler house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the clothing to have when starting a new flock |
|
Definition
| dedicated clothing and shoes for growers and service techs |
|
|
Term
| the eggs to remove when candling and why |
|
Definition
| Removing only the clear eggs so viable eggs go on to yield chicks |
|
|
Term
| the first step in cleaning in sanitation |
|
Definition
| removing organic material |
|
|
Term
| the first step in sanitation |
|
Definition
| cleaning; the first step of this is removing organic material |
|
|
Term
| the ideal stage for the embryo to go dormant and resume development in the incubator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relative humidity you want in egg incubation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the set temp in old hatchery manuals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the temperature of the hatchery cooler the hatching eggs are put in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the temperature you want in egg incubation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the trucks hatching eggs are put on after they're picked up |
|
Definition
| climate controlled trucks |
|
|
Term
| the type of clothing to have after you start a new flock |
|
Definition
| dedicated poultry house clothing and shoes |
|
|
Term
| things from previous flock that you don't want left over after you finish cleaning the house |
|
Definition
| organic material left from last flock (no feces, dander or feathers) |
|
|
Term
| things that could cause red hock |
|
Definition
-Struggled to get out of shell
-Humidity issues |
|
|
Term
| things that enter the egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things that escape the egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this happens to the abdomen of a chick that was incubated under high relative humidity |
|
Definition
| Abdomen is distended and is "like a beanbag" |
|
|
Term
| turkey eggs need how many days to hatch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of bird that's a complete no-no for broiler breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of mortality that can be detected from residue analysis |
|
Definition
| Early, mid, and late embryonic mortality |
|
|
Term
| type of sanitizer to use on surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of incubators used for hatching eggs |
|
Definition
-multi stage
-single stage |
|
|
Term
| vaccinations newly hatched chicks could get after hatching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| verify this in eggs with dark colored fluid |
|
Definition
| verify that embryo is present |
|
|
Term
| what CO2 buildup does to egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides info about hazards |
|
|
Term
| what chicks are separated from before being sent to the broiler house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what easily visible leg veins in newly hatched chicks could be an indicator of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to chicks that don't hatch on time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to membranes if chicks are incubated under too high relative humidity |
|
Definition
| Membranes are more difficult to pip through, can see more red hocks |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the blood in mid-dead embryos? |
|
Definition
| blood in the embryonic vessels and at skin level turn dark red to brown |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 14 days? |
|
Definition
| fully feathered, embryo takes up most of the interior, turns head toward large end of the egg |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 18 days? |
|
Definition
| fully grown and feathered, yolk sac still outside the body, head under right wing |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 19 days? |
|
Definition
-chick occupies egg, yolk sac drawn into body and amniotic fluid consumed, beak not in egg cell
-Still breathing thru vessels; not lung breathing yet |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 20 days? |
|
Definition
| yolk completely inside chick, internal and external pip (lung breathing) |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 21 days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the embryo at 7 days? |
|
Definition
| starts to develop egg tooth and comb |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the yolk sac as the chick prepares to hatch? |
|
Definition
| the yolk sac is drawn into the abdominal cavity and the navel seals |
|
|
Term
| what happens when eggs lose too much heat moisture? |
|
Definition
| they have large abdomen, which means mushy chick |
|
|
Term
| what high relative humidity during incubation does to the navel |
|
Definition
| More difficult for navel to heal over an enlarged yolk sac |
|
|
Term
| what incubators provide to the hatching eggs |
|
Definition
-heat
-RH
-turning
-ventilation |
|
|
Term
| what the hatching eggs are put in at the hatchery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what the sensitivity test is used for |
|
Definition
| To find most effective disinfectant to kill bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what to do after flock leaves farm |
|
Definition
| clean and disinfect poultry house |
|
|
Term
| what too low a relative humidity does to chicks |
|
Definition
| leaves membranes and shell stuck to the chicks |
|
|
Term
| what will happen if you vaccinate hatching eggs outside of 17.5-19 days of incubation? |
|
Definition
| you’ll have some dead embryos |
|
|
Term
| what you don't want left over after you clean the hatchery |
|
Definition
| feces, feathers, or anything else affiliated with birds |
|
|
Term
| what you must allow the surface to do after you sanitize and why |
|
Definition
| Allow surface to dry before reuse; we get better kill when the surface dries |
|
|
Term
| what you want the surface tension of disinfectants to be and why |
|
Definition
| lower surface tension - stay on surface long enough to be effective |
|
|
Term
| what you want the yolk sac to be at hatch and why |
|
Definition
| What you want is a small residual yolk, because that indicates that they used the nutrients |
|
|
Term
| what you want the activity of the chick to be |
|
Definition
| you want them to be very active, moving to feed and water |
|
|
Term
| when candling, ______ eggs will be bright in color and ______ will be dark in color |
|
Definition
infertile
those with a well developed embryo |
|
|
Term
| when chicks are still damp and navels not closed,... |
|
Definition
| the pull time is too early |
|
|
Term
| when chicks hatch, pull chicks when 5% are ______ |
|
Definition
still damp spot
You want a little moisture on the chicks |
|
|
Term
| when chicks hatch, pull chicks when ______ are still damp spot |
|
Definition
5%
You want a little moisture on the chicks |
|
|
Term
| when communicating specific gravity of eggs, they often... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when issues with livability of chicks usually occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when pull time is too late |
|
Definition
when the outside of the shells are dirty
and/or
when the chicks are loud and/or gasping
and/or
when the leg veins of newly hatched chicks are easy to see |
|
|
Term
| when the chicks are loud and/or gasping,... |
|
Definition
| the pull time is too late |
|
|
Term
| when the mesoderm is formed |
|
Definition
| about the time the egg is laid |
|
|
Term
| when the outside of the shells are dirty,... |
|
Definition
| the pull time is too late |
|
|
Term
| when the pull time is too early |
|
Definition
when there is blood on the inside of the shells
and/or
when chicks are still damp and navels not closed |
|
|
Term
| when there is blood on the inside of the shells,... |
|
Definition
| the pull time is too early |
|
|
Term
| when to clean and disinfect poultry house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to do the extra cleaning in a broiler hatchery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when vaccinating a hatching egg, where do you want to inject the vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where hatching eggs are taken after being collected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where the germinal disc will be when you crack the egg open |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has more contaminated eggs? classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has more eggs with farm cracks? classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has more eggs with transfer cracks? classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has more pips? classic hen or yield hen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why European eggs aren't very safe |
|
Definition
| because in Europe, they don’t wash or refrigerate eggs |
|
|
Term
| why biosecurity after starting a new flock is important for the business side of the operation |
|
Definition
| Your personal income and the mortgage on the house depends on how serious you see and act on biosecurity issues |
|
|
Term
| why chicks from older hens aren't high quality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why chicks from young flock aren't high quality |
|
Definition
| because the hen is not putting together everything right |
|
|
Term
| why chicks incubated under low relative humidity have lower body weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why farm cracks increase as the breeder flock gets older |
|
Definition
| because of eggs getting larger and shells getting thinner, something like that |
|
|
Term
| why hen and rearing houses need doentime |
|
Definition
| time to kill rodents and insects, since they can carry over diseases and such |
|
|
Term
| why it's bad to have a string between navel and shell |
|
Definition
| because it makes chick vulnerable to evisceration and opening of navel |
|
|
Term
| why it's bad to have shell stuck to navel |
|
Definition
| because it may or may not be perfectly healed, but can’t tell |
|
|
Term
| why it's more difficult for navel to heal in a chick incubated under high humidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why less intestinal growth is a bad thing |
|
Definition
| because the chick is less prepared to absorb nutrients from feed after placement |
|
|
Term
| why low humidity can cause red hock |
|
Definition
| struggle to get out of shell |
|
|
Term
| why lower yolk sac utilization is a bad thing |
|
Definition
| because less nutrients end up in the chicks |
|
|
Term
| why most broiler hatcheries are flat roofed buildings |
|
Definition
| because of equipment on top |
|
|
Term
| why older hens lay eggs with shells that aren't high quality |
|
Definition
-More contamination
-more cracks
-There’s an accumulation of what was in the flock from the beginning |
|
|
Term
| why people working on the broiler breeder side aren’t allowed to have any domestic birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why placement of an egg on the light table affects the estimate of more developed but dead embryos |
|
Definition
| because the closer the egg is to the edges, the more light leaks |
|
|
Term
| why rearing and hen houses need down time |
|
Definition
| Time to kill the rodents and insects |
|
|
Term
| why size (or age of the breeder flock) affects the estimate of more developed but dead embryos |
|
Definition
| because the smaller the egg is, the more light that leaks |
|
|
Term
| why the machines in incubation must work hard to get rid of heat after the first 7 days |
|
Definition
| because some strains produce a large amount of metabolic heat |
|
|
Term
| why turning is necessary for incubation |
|
Definition
| turning prevents the embryo from sticking to shell |
|
|
Term
| why ventilation is important the incubator |
|
Definition
| to create a homogeneous environment and heat and CO2 |
|
|
Term
| why visually dirty eggs shouldn't go to the hatchery |
|
Definition
| because the bacteria on the eggs also produce gas inside that shell, making it likely to explode when heated to high temperatures |
|
|
Term
| why we have to apply heat during incubation |
|
Definition
| heat regulates the pace of the process |
|
|
Term
| why you don't want any navel buttons |
|
Definition
| because chicks pecking at it creates open wound, which could expose intestines |
|
|
Term
| why you gotta be careful with the insecticides you use around birds |
|
Definition
| because there’s lots of insecticides that can’t be sprayed with birds present |
|
|
Term
| why you have to remove organic matter when cleaning/sanitizing |
|
Definition
| because organic material reduces effectiveness of chemical disinfectants and protects pathogens |
|
|
Term
| why you must remove organic matter when you clean the facility |
|
Definition
-May protect cell from disinfectant
-Disinfectant may react with and then be inactivated
-May absorb disinfectant from solution
-Reduces effectiveness of chemical disinfectants |
|
|
Term
| why you need to prevent visitors when you start a new flock |
|
Definition
| because of the risk of bringing diseases and such |
|
|
Term
| why you want a chick to be yolk free |
|
Definition
| because if they're not yolk free, they have lower final body weights (chick weight maybe the same) |
|
|
Term
| why you want a very clean environment for a hatchery |
|
Definition
| because if it’s a nasty filthy farm, there could be disease |
|
|
Term
| why you want fresh air or ventilation in egg incubation |
|
Definition
| to remove excess heat and CO2 |
|
|
Term
| why you want locks after starting a new flock |
|
Definition
| locks make for honest people |
|
|
Term
| why you want to keep dartling beetles out |
|
Definition
| because they carry a lot of diseases (Particularly salmonella) |
|
|
Term
| why you want to space the stacks of newly hatched chicks that are headed to the broiler house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why youneed downtime after you clean the facility |
|
Definition
| time for all the bacteria and viruses to die |
|
|
Term
| you may need to do this when using sanitizers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you may need to do this after sanitizing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you see more red hocks and splayed legs with eggs that have been... |
|
Definition
| over heated or in low humidity environment |
|
|
Term
| you want chicks to be free of... |
|
Definition
| navel buttons and wicks/strings |
|
|
