Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Add 2% 28 wk old males at ______ wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Add 2% ______ wk old males at 40-45 wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Add ______ 28 wk old males at 40-45 wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adjust feed to achieve a ______ lb/wk gain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Affordability of chicken as a protein source starts with... |
|
Definition
| saving money in cost of feeding |
|
|
Term
| After a pause day, the next egg is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| averaging averages (basically average weight per bird in batch) |
|
|
Term
| Both broilers and broiler breeders have higher mortality among ______ than among ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breeder chickens won’t breed if... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Broilers bred for ______, not ______ |
|
Definition
meat deposition
reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this means it’s not dark enough; this is where you can read the newspaper |
|
|
Term
| Caked litter cakes because... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whatever you started with minus mortality minus anything you cull; this number is what you use to depreciate the flock |
|
|
Term
| Chickens are ______ breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cobb flocks are bred for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cobb-Vantress and Aviagen traditionally sell... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male immature bird destined to be breeder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Web says measure of relative variability; verify with Dr. Wilson |
|
|
Term
| Color rendering index (CRI) |
|
Definition
| quality of the light source, important in offices/home so interiors will appear true to color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lays eggs for human consumption |
|
|
Term
| Current situation with lights used in broiler breeder houses |
|
Definition
-Discontinued the sale of 100 and 75 watt incandescent bulbs, 60m watts will be discontinued next; less selection in stores
-More compact bulbs are not as dimmable as incandescent bulbs (low range) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this means it’s dark enough; can’t read the newspaper |
|
|
Term
| Decrease feed .25 to .5 lb/100/wk until intake is about ______ lb/100 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease feed ______ lb/100/wk until intake is about 31 lb/100 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depending on ______ may wait a few days to week until the volume of feed will be enough to spread the feed throughout the house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depending on the feed formulation may wait ______ until the volume of feed will be enough to spread the feed throughout the house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ductus deferens runs along side of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oviduct full of parts of eggs; this makes chicken unproductive and destined to die |
|
|
Term
| Eggs laid on ______ run the risk of getting contaminated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eggs on floor also attract ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Encourage birds to calm down after arriving in the laying house by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Essentially, feed restriction manages this in the hen |
|
Definition
| the hen's body weight and the hen’s ovary |
|
|
Term
| Expect peak egg production at ______ wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors affecting mating behavior and fertility |
|
Definition
-Age (can’t change)
-Body weight and breast fleshing
-Sex ratio
-Physical condition- feet and legs
-Peck order or dominance |
|
|
Term
| Fat (does or does not) equal eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feed restricted broiler breeders have (more or fewer) pause days than full fed breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feed restricted broiler breeders lay ______ eggs than full fed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feeder capacity has to be matched so that all birds have the chance to feed each day |
|
|
Term
| Full fed broiler breeders have (higher or lower) mortality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Getting the hens and roosters in the scratch area helps... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goal body weight at 65 wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grandparent, great grandparent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hatching eggs per hen house is based on ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heavy birds require (more or less) money to maintain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hens should average 7.5-7.7 lbs by ______ wks of age to achieve the highest peak production with yielding hens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hens should average ______ by 30 wks of age to achieve the highest peak production with yielding hens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you determine flock uniformity? |
|
Definition
-Weighing program- weight 50-100 birds per house
-Calculate flock uniformity |
|
|
Term
| If the bird is ______, it won’t cooperate with the artificial insemination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the hen perceives a large feed cut, she will ______ |
|
Definition
| pull back on reproduction |
|
|
Term
| If the rate of weight gain for the broiler breeder rooster is (positive or negative), we’re doing our job |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If week to week average of bird weight in broiler breeder operations is highly variable, you need to... |
|
Definition
| look at the weighing method |
|
|
Term
| If you can hold good fertility thru ______ wks of age or so, you’re doing pretty good |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you don’t relieve the pressure when you give the hen the dose of semen,... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you got the body weight on them, you gotta... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you spike, make sure... |
|
Definition
| you get some benefit from the addition |
|
|
Term
| If you want egg production, you have to feed them... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In broiler breeder operations, the rooster’s job is... |
|
Definition
| to mount the hen and mate |
|
|
Term
| In broiler breeder operations, we’re interested in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infertile eggs are ______ to fertile egg production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infertile eggs are a liability to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catches the ovulated follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bird ovulating multiple follicles and the oviduct doesn’t catch them all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear demarcation, shell membranes formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longest portion of the reproductive tract, adds albumen |
|
|
Term
| Make sure that the spike males can eat by... |
|
Definition
| adding extra feed at spiking time and making sure that the spike males can eat from the male feeder |
|
|
Term
| Make sure the hens eat ______ and the roosters feed ______ |
|
Definition
on the slats
in the scratch area |
|
|
Term
| Male has ______ anterior to kidney along back wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male has paired testes ______ to kidney along back wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male has paired testes anterior to ______ along back wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male has paired testes anterior to kidney along ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manage the roosters' ______ so that they reproduce effectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manage the roosters' body weight and health so that they ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Modern rearing house has this in addition to black curtain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Objective of feed restriction program |
|
Definition
| Produce a flock of breeders that have little variation in body weight while restricting them to something |
|
|
Term
| Ovary has ______ from previous ovulations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovary has post ovulatory sacs from ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a day where a hen don't lay an egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the birds literally pile up on each other and they smother |
|
|
Term
| Plateau in weight of birds in a broiler breeder operation could indicate... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poor performing broiler breeder flock has (higher or lower) mortality and (more or fewer) pause days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Possible problems if you see no benefit from spiking a flock |
|
Definition
-Lost too many spike males
-Competition too high
-Old males in poor physical condition (no immediate results)
-Spike males not large enough/old enough/not in good condition when added |
|
|
Term
| Poultry companies buy chicks from a primary breeder based on... |
|
Definition
-rate of gain
-feed conversion
-best meets of their product mix |
|
|
Term
| Poultry companies buy chicks from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hold genetic lines and produce parent level chicks |
|
|
Term
| Primary breeders in poultry aim to produce... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| female immature bird destined to be breeder |
|
|
Term
| Rearing house has ______ lines and ______ lines |
|
Definition
| Rearing house has drinker lines and feeder lines |
|
|
Term
| Reduce feed after ______ by .5-1 lb/100 birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce feed after peak egg production by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when feed to birds is restricted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rooster sperm is very ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water is added to albumen, shell is added, 12-15 hrs |
|
|
Term
| Skip a day feeding is often the best option for broiler breeders because... |
|
Definition
| of the amount feed presented to the bird so that the dominant birds get their fill and the other birds also get their fill, something like that |
|
|
Term
| Some weight goals for rearing roosters |
|
Definition
4 wks: 1.4-1.5 lbs
15 wks: 4.8 lbs
20 wks: 6.1 lbs
25 wks: 7.5 lbs
30 wks: 8.5 lbs |
|
|
Term
| Some weight goals in rearing for females |
|
Definition
4 wks: .95-1 lbs
15 wks: 3.2 lbs
20 wks: 4.5 lbs
25 lbs: 6.5 lbs |
|
|
Term
| Spermatazoa has to penetrate ______ before other parts of the egg are laid down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spike in weight of birds in a broiler breeder operation could indicate... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spin feeder increases feeder space by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The feeders for roosters in the US are ______ feeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important thing we do for the birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The problem with LED bulbs |
|
Definition
| whether or not it’ll last long enough |
|
|
Term
| The processing equipment can’t handle rooster weights over ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ureter is basically a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The whole breeding program is oriented towards... |
|
Definition
| limiting breast meat deposition to ensure good mating |
|
|
Term
| The work space in a breeder house has to be ______ |
|
Definition
| clean for biosecurity purposes |
|
|
Term
| Too high a sex ratio (too many roosters) leads to... |
|
Definition
-slatting the hens
-poor fertility
-high mortality and injury
-Too high a competition among males for feed and females
-Leave you with too few functional males |
|
|
Term
| Too high a sex ratio means you have too many... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Train pullets to ______ by providing ______ so they can ______ when they get into hen house |
|
Definition
perch
raised areas
get onto slats |
|
|
Term
| Typical size of breeder house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US chicken market stresses... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coordinates with shell gland for expulsion of egg |
|
|
Term
| Ways to make exclusion system function better in a broiler breeder operation |
|
Definition
-Horizontal bar across hen grill, high profile grill, 1 11/16 in (very specific!)
-PVC pipe in top of older grill
-Leave full comb on roosters
-Noz Bonz inserted in roosters nares at 20-21 wks of age; this didn’t look too good from animal welfare perspective |
|
|
Term
| We’re getting fewer and fewer tools to control feed intake because... |
|
Definition
| it’s not considered animal welfare friendly |
|
|
Term
| What is required of birds in order to mate naturally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What you need to know when feeding broiler breeders |
|
Definition
| Did you get the right diet? |
|
|
Term
| When 2 eggs are in the oviduct, (one, both, or neither) will hatch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does fertility decline with age? |
|
Definition
-Natural relationship between bird behavior and physiology
-Rooster less interested and able to complete mating
-Hen physiologically needs to be mated more often to sustain same level of fertility
-In other words, it is almost impossible to maintain early fertility.
the point: it's for behavioral and physiological |
|
|
Term
| You need ______ inches of space from edge of slat to nest front |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ are a liability to fertile egg production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ broiler breeders have fewer pause days than ______ breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ feeder more efficient than ______ feeder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ has to penetrate the germinal disc before other parts of the egg are laid down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ per hen house is based on cap number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ runs along side of ureters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ wks to egg production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a dominant hen isn’t mated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a laying house is 2/3 ______ and 1/3 ______ |
|
Definition
raised slats
litter scratch area |
|
|
Term
| a laying house is ______ raised slats and ______ litter scratch area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about the only thing you can do for caked litter it is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advantage of sex separate rearing |
|
Definition
| easier to stay on target body weights |
|
|
Term
| advantages of chain feeders |
|
Definition
-Inexpensive
-Good feed delivery and can see into system
-Fairly simple to maintain and troubleshoot; easy to maintain yourself |
|
|
Term
| advantages of pan feeders |
|
Definition
-Fast feed delivery to all parts of the house
-Less migration and no pick-over
-Some feed savings associated with pan feeders |
|
|
Term
| advantages of skip-a-day feeding |
|
Definition
-greatest feed volume
-best uniformity |
|
|
Term
| age when pullets and cockerels are moved to lay facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amount of feed in each type of feeding schedule |
|
Definition
| Feeding schedules basically have the same amount of feed per week |
|
|
Term
| amount of feed vs. number of lyf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are rearing houses open or closed sided? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are the male and female broiler breeders grown together or separately? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| areas that are enclosed and give them some sense of security |
|
|
Term
| avoid contaminating the semen with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basically, you suppress ______ until the pullets and cockerels are moved to the laying house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basically, you suppress development until the pullets and cockerels are... |
|
Definition
| moved to the laying house |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of birds per unit of area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical characteristics of the bird, such as fleshing, fat pad, feet, legs, and feathering (verify with Dr. Wilson) |
|
|
Term
| brightness of incandescent bulbs compared to other bulbs |
|
Definition
| less than that of CFP and HP |
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark out programs require more ______ and more electricity usage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark out programs require more ventilation equipment and more ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark-out programs require (more or less) ventilation capacity because the light traps reduce ventilation efficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark-out programs require more ______ because the light traps reduce ventilation efficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark-out programs require more ventilation capacity because ______ reduce ventilation efficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder houses running dark-out programs require more ventilation capacity because the light traps ______ |
|
Definition
| reduce ventilation efficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Layer 1 is starting egg production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Layer 2 is controlling egg size if eggs get too big |
|
|
Term
| broiler breeder stocks are managed to maximize... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broiler breeders attempt to maintain a small bird so they can ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically feed on a conveyor belt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CV% = (weight difference • 100)/(average weight • F value) |
|
|
Term
| color of cool white light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| color of warm white light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| color range in which birds have the highest reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brooding cockerels in separate pen and releasing them with pullets |
|
|
Term
| conventional broiler breeder houses have how many hens per nest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cost of incandescent bulbs |
|
Definition
-inexpensive to buy
-expensive to use |
|
|
Term
| curtains on a typical breeder house |
|
Definition
| has transluscent curtains on the outside |
|
|
Term
| daylength to use during rearing phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| daylength to work with in laying facility |
|
Definition
| Work with natural daylength and work from there |
|
|
Term
| dead giveaway that a breeder rooster is overfleshed |
|
Definition
| indentation in middle of breast where keel bone is |
|
|
Term
| diet for broiler breeder growers or developers |
|
Definition
-14.5-15% CP
-1300 kcal/kg ME
-1.5% Ca |
|
|
Term
| diet for broiler breeder layers (layer 1) |
|
Definition
-14.5-16% CP
-1300-1325 kcal/kg ME
-3% Ca |
|
|
Term
| diet for broiler breeder layers (layer 2) |
|
Definition
-14-15.5% CP
-1300-1325 kcal/kg ME
-3.25% Ca |
|
|
Term
| diet for broiler breeder starters |
|
Definition
-18-19% CP
-1350 kcal/kg ME
-1.25% Ca |
|
|
Term
| dietary requirements of broiler breeder rooster |
|
Definition
| Adult rooster has low dietary requirements; he’s not producing eggs each day |
|
|
Term
| difference between the tubules in mammalian testicles and avian testicles |
|
Definition
| mammalian testicles have tubules round and neat and avian testicles have unorganized semineferous tubules |
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of out of season birds being raised on whatever the natural daylength is during the rearing phase |
|
Definition
| this loses the ability to synchronize flocks going into lay and such |
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of skip-a-day feeding |
|
Definition
| can have too much volume toward the end and cause choking |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of chain feeders |
|
Definition
-Have some pick over and migration
-The longer the house the longer it takes to get the feed around |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of pan feeders |
|
Definition
-Closed system, can’t see into the auger, charged or not charged- particular problem with rooster feeders
-More complex to maintain and repair
-Use both height and feed restriction on hen pan, and new variable opening pans |
|
|
Term
| do this to monitor gain in birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do this to prepare pullets for hen house |
|
Definition
| Train pullets to perch by providing raised areas so they can get onto slats when they get into hen house |
|
|
Term
| do this with the day length when the pullets and cockerels arrive in the lay facility |
|
Definition
| Increase day length from 8 to 14-14.5 hrs per day, cover day length because have curtain sided housing in SE |
|
|
Term
| do you want the vent of the rooster to be open or tight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the rearing phase, check this for the day length the birds are on |
|
Definition
| Check to make sure the birds are on short day length- check clocks and drive by at night |
|
|
Term
| effect of feed restriction on egg production |
|
Definition
| Feed restriction delays egg production, but not by much |
|
|
Term
| egg production vs. feed amount |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| essential question when trrying to exclude males from the hen feeder |
|
Definition
| How well does the exclusion grill work? |
|
|
Term
| examine the rooster's vent area to determine... |
|
Definition
| whether or not it's mating |
|
|
Term
| factors affecting mating behavior |
|
Definition
-age
-body weight
-breast fleshing
-sex ratio
-physical condition
-peck order or dominance |
|
|
Term
| factors of peck order or dominance that affect mating behavior and fertility are set by... |
|
Definition
| body size and head appendages (comb and wattle size) |
|
|
Term
| factors of physical condition that may affect mating behavior and fertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that influence floor/slat laying |
|
Definition
-house lay out
-equipment placement
-litter depth
-house/slat width
-slat height
-age the pullets are moved or how quickly the birds come into lay |
|
|
Term
| feeders used in feeding programs in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feeding pattern used in feeding programs in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
| mostly skip-a-day feeding |
|
|
Term
| first effect of spiking a flock |
|
Definition
| will reactivate older males (older ones try to outcompete younger males) |
|
|
Term
| flock fertility peaks at ______ at about ______ wks of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flock in good condition starts laying eggs 2-3 wks after... |
|
Definition
| birds are given long day length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| giving birds ad libitum access to feed |
|
|
Term
| function of the ductus deferens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| get the hens to do this the first day they arrive to the laying house |
|
Definition
| Get the hens on the slats to eat and drink the first day they arrive |
|
|
Term
| good condition for a broiler breeder flock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| handle broiler breeder chickens to monitor... |
|
Definition
-fleshing
-fat pad
-feet
-legs
-feathering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ask Dr. Wilson for details |
|
|
Term
| hens like the nests in old style houses better than mechanical nests since they prefer... |
|
Definition
| the soft material in the old style nest |
|
|
Term
| hens will return to the same site or a similar site to lay their eggs if... |
|
Definition
| they lay 36 eggs in a location |
|
|
Term
| how a pullet house is light tight |
|
Definition
| dark curtain and inlet/fan covers |
|
|
Term
| how a spin feeder distributes feed |
|
Definition
| by literally spinning a pelleted feed on the floor |
|
|
Term
| how birds respond to light intensity |
|
Definition
| in an all-or-none manner, kinda like a light switch |
|
|
Term
| how body weight influences testes size in adult roosters |
|
Definition
| Body weight restriction decreases testes size in adult roosters |
|
|
Term
| how broiler breeder hens and roosters are fed |
|
Definition
| The roosters and hens are fed separately; the roosters eat from their own separate feeding system |
|
|
Term
| how eggs in old style houses have to be collected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how far to insert the syringe containing the semen into the vagina |
|
Definition
| no more than 1 inch or so |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosters eat in 30 minutes or less |
|
|
Term
| how fast you want to distribute feed to roosters |
|
Definition
| you want to distribute feed to all pans within 5 minutes |
|
|
Term
| how light restriction can help save feed in the rearing phase |
|
Definition
| doing it earlier will save feed by reducing bird activity |
|
|
Term
| how light stimulates chickens |
|
Definition
| Stimulated by long daylength (greater than 12 hrs of light) |
|
|
Term
| how long it takes for the ovary and oviduct to develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many hens do you want competing for each nest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much semen to insert into the vagina during artificial insemination |
|
Definition
| no more than about 0.05 mL |
|
|
Term
| how often breeder hens need to be mated |
|
Definition
| at least once every 7 days |
|
|
Term
| how often to weigh the birds when they're 30-65 wks of age |
|
Definition
| weekly or every other week |
|
|
Term
| how reproduction of broiler breeders is optimized |
|
Definition
| thru proper feed restriction |
|
|
Term
| how semen is collected from roosters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the comb on the rooster helps with feeding the broiler breeders sex separate |
|
Definition
| The comb on the rooster actually helps keep the rooster out of the hen’s feeder |
|
|
Term
| how the male feeders are managed in a broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
| feeders are lowered at a certain time and raised back within 2 hours, something like that |
|
|
Term
| how the nest in old style breeder houses were |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the wall |
|
|
Term
| how the parent stock in the broiler meat industry has to be managed |
|
Definition
| by diet restriction and such |
|
|
Term
| how the problem of the chain feeder taking so long to get the feed around can be mitigated |
|
Definition
| by adding more feed entry points to get feed to all areas faster |
|
|
Term
| how to adjust feed amount in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
-Adjust feed amount to achieve primary breeder target weights for each week
-Give consistent feed increases for gradual gains and good flock uniformity weight an “off feed day” during rearing (skip a day, 4-3) and afternoons in lay |
|
|
Term
| how to discourage laying eggs in alternative sites |
|
Definition
| by reducing areas that might interest them as a possible nest |
|
|
Term
| how to do ultrasound probe insertion |
|
Definition
-Insert thru cloaca into large intestine
-Insert 12 cm, branch of ceca |
|
|
Term
| how to ensure good light distribution over the entire broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
-reduce dark areas
-change the fixture placement
-more reflective surfaces |
|
|
Term
| how to feed broiler breeders during laying phase |
|
Definition
| comingle birds for natural mating but feeding in separate systems |
|
|
Term
| how to feed broiler breeders during rearing phase |
|
Definition
| full feed birds day 1 thru week 2-3 of age, the restrict intake and start feed intake program. Usually house and feed sexes separate to match body size |
|
|
Term
| how to fool the birds into thinking it's not daytime |
|
Definition
| Use black material to fool the birds into thinking that it’s not daytime |
|
|
Term
| how to increase light level in the house |
|
Definition
-work with reflective surfaces (interior of house white)
-paint end walls white
-light color ceiling material
-etc. |
|
|
Term
| how to inseminate a chicken |
|
Definition
| Inseminate into left opening when oviduct is everted |
|
|
Term
| how to monitor the male exclusion from the hen feeder |
|
Definition
| Monitor by watching the birds feed in the morning |
|
|
Term
| how to reduce competition for food and hens among males |
|
Definition
| by removing the biggest, most aggressive males, because they’re not mating |
|
|
Term
| how to reduce dark areas in broiler breeder houses |
|
Definition
| by adding more light fixtures at the end wall or around the evaporative cooling pads |
|
|
Term
| how to suppress reproduction in rearing |
|
Definition
| expose growing birds to 8 hrs of light after the first 3 days or by 10 wks of age |
|
|
Term
| how to weigh birds in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
| Weigh birds individually and sex separate every week after 2 weeks of age or until you stop changing feed amounts |
|
|
Term
| how you need the feed to be delivered to the chickens in the broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
| Need fast, even feed delivery to all parts of the house |
|
|
Term
| how you want the bait stations spaced out around a broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how you want the egg room in the hatchery to be |
|
Definition
-clean
-unlittered with stuff
-well ventilated
-well disinfected environment |
|
|
Term
| how you want to adjust the feed restriction |
|
Definition
| You want consistent feed restriction with small feed increases |
|
|
Term
| how you want to distribute the feed in a broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
| To get a uniform flock, you need to spread out the feed as quickly as possible |
|
|
Term
| if hens lay outside of nests,... |
|
Definition
| eggs will be lost due to contamination or damage |
|
|
Term
| if we have 10,000 hens, we have to have about ______ hens per nest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if we have ______ hens, we have to have about 5-6 hens per nest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you squeeze the cloaca too hard, this happens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| importance of Color rendering index (CRI) in poultry houses |
|
Definition
| CRI is not a big factor in poultry house lighting, between 70 and 100 is good |
|
|
Term
| importance of short days in the rearing period |
|
Definition
| Short days (8 hrs) in rearing gives you a more uniform flock to manage in the lay period |
|
|
Term
| in a breeder house, you don’t want any dark areas except for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeder operations, have the most even feed distribution to encourage... |
|
Definition
| uniformity of body weight |
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeder operations, weigh birds with,,, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeders, minimize ______ to optimize reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeders, minimize growth potential to optimize ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeders, you have to minimize ______ to optimize reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in broiler breeders, you have to minimize growth potential to optimize ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in rearing houses, ______ increased to 10-12 cfm/bird because of light restriction equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in rearing houses, ventilation increased to 10-12 cfm/bird because of ______ |
|
Definition
| light restriction equipment |
|
|
Term
| in rearing houses, ventilation increased to ______ because of light restriction equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the contest of light, temperature (K) is a matter of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the laying facility, change to ______ feeding as soon as possible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the laying house, once the hens go to their feeder, get the roosters to this ares of the laying house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the laying house, you do this with the light to photostimulate the birds and cause sexual maturity |
|
Definition
| At 20-21 wks of age, go to 14-16 hrs of light per day to photostimulate the birds and cause sexual maturity |
|
|
Term
| know how good the ______ system is in each broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laying eggs in alternative sites results in... |
|
Definition
| egg production losses, contaminated eggs, and poor quality chicks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| life of incandescent bulbs compared to other bulbs |
|
Definition
| Incandescents have short life when compared with CFP, HP, or LED |
|
|
Term
| location of testes in male chicken |
|
Definition
| Male has paired testes anterior to kidney along back wall |
|
|
Term
| lumen output is a measure of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| make sure everybody’s (photostimulated or not photostimulated) in the pullet house, but make sure everybody’s (photostimulated or not photostimulated) in the laying house |
|
Definition
not photostimulated
photostimulated |
|
|
Term
| make sure everybody’s not photostimulated in the ______ house, but make sure everybody’s photostimulated in the ______ house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| make sure of this about the rooster feeders in the laying house |
|
Definition
| You wanna make sure the rooster feeder is the right height so the hens don't eat from the rooster feeder. |
|
|
Term
| make sure of this when roosters try to mate |
|
Definition
| make sure they don't lose weight |
|
|
Term
| mash feed vs. crumble feed (both are types of feed for broiler breeders) |
|
Definition
| mash is consumed slower, crumble they get a complete package instead of picked over feed, no fine ground corn |
|
|
Term
| matters of equipment placement that influence floor/slat laying |
|
Definition
-male feeder pans
-bell drinkers
-hen feed line |
|
|
Term
| matters of house layout that influence floor/slat laying |
|
Definition
-cramped areas
-bird flow
-light distribution
-hens to nest holes |
|
|
Term
| meat chickens bred for... |
|
Definition
| meat production, not reproduction |
|
|
Term
| modern broiler breeder houses have how many hens per mechanical nest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need a minimum of ______ inches cross overs between scratch area and feed/water on the slats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number 1 question about floor/slat laying |
|
Definition
| why did this flock lay floor eggs and the last 5 flocks didn't? |
|
|
Term
| one difference between ureters and the ductus deferens |
|
Definition
| they're both tubes, but the ductus deferens is more squiggly than the ureter |
|
|
Term
| one of the tricks used to make sure the nests are selected for egg laying |
|
Definition
| one of the tricks we use is to not have the nest down when they come into the house |
|
|
Term
| orientation of nests in modern broiler breeder houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| orientation of nests in old style broiler breeder houses |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the side walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peck order or dominance is set by... |
|
Definition
| body size and head appendages (comb and wattle size) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posture of feed restricted broiler breeder roosters vs. that of full fed broiler breeder roosters |
|
Definition
| Feed restricted broiler breeder roosters have a more upright posture than the full fed rooster because full fed rooster has more breast meat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high nitrogen levels in their blood |
|
|
Term
| questions to ask when evaluating feeder space |
|
Definition
Can the birds generally eat at the same time?
Are they piled on top of each other?
What’s the house density? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red shank color vs. sexual development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red shank color vs. testosterone levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reddish tinge on shanks means... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| relationship between growth and reprodction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scratch/litter in poor condition can lead to... |
|
Definition
| too much bacteria and injuries, such as punctures, to their feet |
|
|
Term
| second effect of spiking a flock |
|
Definition
| young males increase overall mating frequency in the flock (second string) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broiler breeders being grown sex separate |
|
|
Term
| shavings in a pullet house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs that suggests the rooster is mating |
|
Definition
-open vent
-pink to red color
-vent feathers worn |
|
|
Term
| size of comb and wattle are correlated with size of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (this means they avoid the scratch area where the roosters are at all cost), learn to run/avoid males; this is a lifelong issue for the hens |
|
|
Term
| some characteristics of a laying house |
|
Definition
-2/3 slat
-1/3 litter
-curtain sided
-male and female feeding systems
-drinkers
-nests
-cooling
-work room space
-egg cooler |
|
|
Term
| some characteristics of a pullet house |
|
Definition
-Light tight: dark curtain and inlet/fan covers
-Feeder: chain or pan system
-Waterer: nipple or bell system
-Ventilation: tunnel ventilation, heater, evaporatively cooled
-Shavings covering floors |
|
|
Term
| some characteristics of a rearing house |
|
Definition
-light tight
-all litter
-feeders and drinkers
-cooling |
|
|
Term
| some details about Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) |
|
Definition
-Expensive
-Lumen output declines with age
-Many color choices
-Disposal issues to mercury
-Not as dimmable as incandescent bulbs |
|
|
Term
| some details about High pressure sodium bulbs |
|
Definition
-High output
-Use fewer bulbs per house
-Expensive
-Long life, lose some output with age
-Reddish color, 2700 K
-Used in laying facilities |
|
|
Term
| some details about LED bulbs |
|
Definition
-Expensive
-Long life
-Range of colors
-Need similar number of lights and fixtures |
|
|
Term
| some details about hen feeding systems |
|
Definition
-Get the feed around
-Consistent feed time
-Good exclusion
-Enough feeder space |
|
|
Term
| some details about incandescent bulbs |
|
Definition
-Cheap to purchase bulb
-Not efficient; use ⅓ of the electricity to produce heat
-Little light output loss, bulb goes out so you know when to replace it |
|
|
Term
| some details about rearing houses |
|
Definition
-Open sided house
-Black curtains to allow short day length
-All litter floor
-Feeding, drinking, and brooding equipment
-Ventilation increased to 10-12 cfm/bird because of light restriction equipment
-Cooling needed in SE and South Central U.S. |
|
|
Term
| some disadvantages of mechanical nests |
|
Definition
-the belt can break
-eggs can build up such that there can be hairline cracks |
|
|
Term
| some diseases carried by rodents |
|
Definition
-salmonella
-bacteria
-viruses
-other diseases |
|
|
Term
| some equipment used in rearing houses |
|
Definition
-Feeding
-drinking
-brooding equipment |
|
|
Term
| some factors that influence pullet flock uniformity |
|
Definition
-Consistent timing
-Don’t overrestrict
-Mash vs crumble
-Skip a day vs every day |
|
|
Term
| some light measurement units |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some management tools to control rooster feed intake and encourage mating frequency |
|
Definition
-full comb
-type restriction grill on female feeder
-Noz Bonz |
|
|
Term
| some matters of physical condition that affect mating behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some methods to weigh broiler breeder chickens |
|
Definition
-individual weights
-batch weighing |
|
|
Term
| some things that have to go right for mating to occur in broiler breeder houses |
|
Definition
| the hen has to squat for the mating to be complete; there has to be vent-to-vent contact for the mating to work; gotta be athletic enough to stay on the hen to complete the mating |
|
|
Term
| some things that may affect the consistency of the reading of the weight of the birds in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
-time of day
-day of week; weigh once about 7 days
-place in house; where you set up and weigh makes a difference
-weigh scale
-feed system scale; you gotta have a way to measure the scale
-catch method |
|
|
Term
| some things that need to be in place when the birds arrive to the laying house |
|
Definition
feeders
drinkers
ventilation
nests |
|
|
Term
| some things to examine when trying to feed the roosters separate from the hens |
|
Definition
Observe whether the young roosters can eat from the male feeder; height
Is the floor even? Is the feeder even?
Are the hens attempting to eat from the rooster feeder?
Small feed allotment for the roosters, make sure the feeder is adjusted so they get the feed
Make sure the hens eat on the slats and the roosters feed in the scratch area |
|
|
Term
| something that may not be necessary in spike males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| something you might have to do after 40 wks of age to maintain good fertility |
|
Definition
| add young roosters to flock |
|
|
Term
| spin feeders are more natural, but one issue with spin feeders is... |
|
Definition
breeder pullets also defecate on the floor, which might increase disease
However, breeder pullets pretty much eat the litter on the floor anyway |
|
|
Term
| spin feeders work well for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| start with rodent bait on the (inside or outside) of the broiler breeder house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the advantage of giving broiler breeders pellet or crumble feed |
|
Definition
| gives the chickens the full package |
|
|
Term
| the amount of cockerels you need along with the pullets in the laying house |
|
Definition
need 9-10%
order 16 % due to mortality |
|
|
Term
| the amount of feeder space you need per hen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of feeder space you need per pullet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of mating roosters need to do to get the whole flock covered |
|
Definition
| Roosters need to mate 7-8 hens per day to get the whole flock covered |
|
|
Term
| the area of the hen's reproductive tract you want the sperm to get to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the best indicators of mating activity |
|
Definition
| Feather wear and size and opening of the vent |
|
|
Term
| the body size and conformation you want in a breeder rooster |
|
Definition
| You want the breeder rooster to be trim and upright so they can mate |
|
|
Term
| the broiler breeder houses that may need more reflective surfaces |
|
Definition
| the older ones; they may need the ceilings replaced with a more reflective surface, paint the end and side walls |
|
|
Term
| the challenge in the broiler meat industry |
|
Definition
| The challenge in the meat industry is the parent stock doesn’t like to lay eggs; there’s birds that don’t want to reproduce. |
|
|
Term
| the condition of a bird's feet and legs could indicate... |
|
Definition
-the birds are too heavy
-slats in poor repair
-litter too rough
-scratch wet with caked litter |
|
|
Term
| the curtain in a rearing house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the daylength you want in a dark-out program |
|
Definition
short, so you can't cheat
you can't even come in there with headlamps |
|
|
Term
| the desired weight of spike males |
|
Definition
| Spike males should weigh 20-25% more than the average of the female flock where they will be added |
|
|
Term
| the epididymis in male chickens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the goals of poultry breeders |
|
Definition
-Bred for meat production, not reproduction
-Grow and maintain breeders that will optimize reproduction thru proper feed restriction
-Minimize growth potential to optimize reproduction |
|
|
Term
| the left opening when the female chicken's vent is everted is part of the ______ system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left opening when the female chicken's vent is everted is part of the ______ system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the light intensity birds recognize |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the light intensity needed to get a minimum of 1 ft candle to all corners of a large facility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lighting out of season birds are raised on in the rearing phase |
|
Definition
| whatever the natural daylength is |
|
|
Term
| the lighting used in laying houses in the U.S. |
|
Definition
| Many open sided houses in the US, so using natural light with artificial light to give the needed day length |
|
|
Term
| the mating the meat industry relies on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the maximum number of lyf you want in a hen's ovary |
|
Definition
| no more than about 5 to 8 or 9 lyf |
|
|
Term
| the parent stock in the broiler meat industry has to be managed by diet restriction and such because... |
|
Definition
| they want to be broilers instead of reproducers |
|
|
Term
| the phallus in male chickens |
|
Definition
| poorly developed or rudimentary |
|
|
Term
| the problem of low mating frequency due to low placement ratio can be fixed if... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ratio of cockerels to pullets you want |
|
Definition
no more than 10 cockerels per 100 pullets
no more than 1:10 |
|
|
Term
| the siding on a layer house |
|
Definition
| curtain sided (using outside light) |
|
|
Term
| the type of drinkers in old style breeder houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of feeder in a pullet house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of floor in rearing houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of nests used in layer houses |
|
Definition
| mechanical or hand gathered |
|
|
Term
| the type of rearing that's done with most broiler breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of surface hens prefer to lay eggs on |
|
Definition
| concave surface with lose nesting material |
|
|
Term
| the types of houses used in the broiler breeder industry in the U.S. |
|
Definition
| In the U.S., we have a house more suited to rearing and a house more suited to laying. |
|
|
Term
| the types of waterers used in laying houses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the w'length of light birds respond to for maximum production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the wavelength of light birds respond to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the weight and age you want the birds to be at when you photostimulate them |
|
Definition
| Birds must be near adult body weight and age at photostimulation |
|
|
Term
| the weight of the birds that make you the most money |
|
Definition
| the ones in the average weight range |
|
|
Term
| these companies hold the grandparent and great grandparent lines for the chicks they sell. |
|
Definition
| Cobb-Vantress and Aviagen |
|
|
Term
| things to look at when monitoring breeder rooster condition |
|
Definition
-weight
-feet and legs
-vent area
-body size and conformation
-external sex characteristics |
|
|
Term
| this is often the best feeding pattern for broiler breeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this makes it easier to challenge the chicken with light |
|
Definition
| using an 8 hr daylength during the rearing phase |
|
|
Term
| this moves sperm to cloaca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this sets the rooster to be dominant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| too low a placement ratio will lead to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| too much breast meat interferes with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trim this before doing artificial insemination |
|
Definition
| Trim feathers away from the vent region |
|
|
Term
| two effects of spiking a flock |
|
Definition
-First effect: will reactivate older males (older ones try to outcompete younger males)
-Second effect: young males increase overall mating frequency in the flock (second string) |
|
|
Term
| tye contact there has to be in order for birds to mate naturally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of curtains used in rearing houses and why |
|
Definition
| Black curtains to allow short day length` |
|
|
Term
| type of ventilation in pullet house |
|
Definition
| tunnel ventilation, heater, evaporatively cooled |
|
|
Term
| type of waterer in pullet house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of feeders used in laying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of feeders used in rearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of feeders used to peed roosters |
|
Definition
-Programmable
-straight line |
|
|
Term
| ultrasound probe insertion gives you an idea of... |
|
Definition
| whether or not rooster is producing semen |
|
|
Term
| using dark out lighting in rearing will improve the ______ of the start of lay. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| using dark out lighting in rearing will improve the uniformity of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ventilation used in a layer house |
|
Definition
| tunnel vent and evap cooled |
|
|
Term
| we're worried about flocks being active at this age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what a broiler breeder facility must be equipped with when running a dark-out program |
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Definition
| Facility must be equipped with air inlet and fan covers that block light coming into house during the daylight hours |
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|
Term
| what broiler breeder chickens do around the feed hopper |
|
Definition
| They always come to the feed hopper and go around it |
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|
Term
| what happens if broiler breeders get too big? |
|
Definition
| they have health problems such as heart attacks, foot problems, and leg problems |
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|
Term
| what happens if you move the broiler breeder flock late? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens inside the hen when internal lay occurs? |
|
Definition
| yolk material invades the abdominal cavity and bacteria feed on it and go wild, causing infection |
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|
Term
| what happens to birds that don't eat within the first couple of days after arriving to the laying house? |
|
Definition
| they won’t be productive (culls) |
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|
Term
| what happens to broiler breeder eggs that don't go to the hatchery? |
|
Definition
| they have to be disposed of |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the birds in the laying house at 65 weeks of age? |
|
Definition
| they go to processor and get converted to food, as in meat used in soup |
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|
Term
| what happens to the ovary in a full fed hen? |
|
Definition
| the ovary goes overactive, producing too many follicles |
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|
Term
| what happens to the rooster's testes if he loses weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when underweight birds ignore long daylength? |
|
Definition
-they mature when they reach adult body weight
-expect low egg production |
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|
Term
| what happens when you give the broiler breeder rooster too much feed? |
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Definition
| With today’s meat yielding rooster, giving them too much feed causes excessive breast meat deposition |
|
|
Term
| what happens with brightness as bulbs become older? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone production caused by photostimulation causes in birds |
|
Definition
-Ovary and oviduct development
-Liver increases lipid or fat production
Testicular development
-External sex characteristics: comb, wattle growth and color change, rooster crow
-Hens begin to crouch or squat (in a few weeks) |
|
|
Term
| what overactive follicles do to eggs |
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Definition
| Overactive follicles leads to some 2bl yolk eggs |
|
|
Term
| what photostimulation causes in birds |
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Definition
| Causes the birds to initiate hormone production |
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|
Term
| what poorly implemented feed restriction programs can do to semen production |
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Definition
| Poorly implemented feed restriction programs can negatively impact semen production |
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|
Term
| what short light periods are used for in the rearing period |
|
Definition
| Use short light periods to suppress reproduction |
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|
Term
| what spiking a flock does to the weight of the males |
|
Definition
| causes the average weight of the males in the flock to decrease |
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|
Term
| what the hen does if it starts eating too much |
|
Definition
| it’ll start laying down fat |
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|
Term
| what the old male activity may do after spiking |
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Definition
| Likely, see old male activity decline 6-9 wks after spiking (depending on age of flock may need 2nd spike) |
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|
Term
| what to do when the chain feeder is not putting out a consistent stream of feed |
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Definition
| service the feeder to get feed to the birds |
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|
Term
| what to do when the light level is low in a particular area in the hen house |
|
Definition
| add light fixtures (example:cool cell area may need extra row of lights) |
|
|
Term
| what we have genetically selected in broilers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what you want to do with reproduction in rearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what you want to happen to the body weight of the birds in a broiler breeder operation |
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Definition
| You want the body weight to consistently increase |
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|
Term
| when a flock in good condition starts laying eggs |
|
Definition
| 2-3 wks after birds are given long day length |
|
|
Term
| when about half of the mating takes place |
|
Definition
| within 4 hours of the lights going out |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| when dark-out programs have scheduling problems |
|
Definition
-weigh days
-vaccination days
-growers’ off farm work schedule
-service visits
-etc. |
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|
Term
| when feeding broiler breeder roosters, working with small volume of feed will reduce ______ for ______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| when feeding broiler breeder roosters, you may need to ______ to keep auger charged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when feeding broiler breeder roosters, you may need to cut off pans to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evening (verify with Wilson) |
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|
Term
| when hens start to look for nest site |
|
Definition
| about 1 wk before the start of lay |
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|
Term
| when roosters become very active trying to mate |
|
Definition
| when hens become receptive |
|
|
Term
| when the light period is initiated |
|
Definition
| when the light intensity is high enough for the bird to recognize a difference from the dark period |
|
|
Term
| when the majority of mating takes place |
|
Definition
| the last 4 hrs before the lights go out |
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|
Term
| when there's a little spike in mating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to feed broiler breeder chickens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to order broiler breeder chicks |
|
Definition
| Often order a year or more in advance of the day you need them |
|
|
Term
| when to weigh individual chickens in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
| as soon as the scale can measure something that small (2 wks) |
|
|
Term
| when you feed a breeder 2, you do it to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when you want the birds in the laying house to start eating |
|
Definition
| within the 1st couple of days |
|
|
Term
| where the sperm storage tubules are |
|
Definition
| the junction of vagina and uterus |
|
|
Term
| where you want the hole in the rodent bait station and why |
|
Definition
| close to the wall so the rodents always get into the bait station |
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|
Term
| which chick grows faster? cockerel or pullet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which do roosters hold longer? the comb and wattle or functional testes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which feed is more popular for broiler breeders in the U.S.: mash or crumble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is more complex: full feeding birds or using restricted feeding for the broiler breeders? |
|
Definition
| Restricted feeding for broiler breeders is more complex |
|
|
Term
| why bell drinkers are bad for breeder hens |
|
Definition
| because anything hens can get under makes a great nest |
|
|
Term
| why conventional nests are labor intensive |
|
Definition
| because they need to be collected 3-4 times per day and have to have the litter and such replaced due to defecation |
|
|
Term
| why external sex characteristics (comb and wattle) are good indicatiors |
|
Definition
| because comb and wattle get bigger and redder as the rooster matures; this is also correlated to size of testes |
|
|
Term
| why health problems such as heart attacks, foot problems, and leg problems don't happen very often in broilers |
|
Definition
| because they're short lived |
|
|
Term
| why house density is important in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
| because you lose performance as space per bird goes down |
|
|
Term
| why it takes 2-3 wks for flock to start laying eggs |
|
Definition
| because it takes about 2 wks for the ovary and oviduct to develop |
|
|
Term
| why it's important that hens find the nests |
|
Definition
| because that's critical for optimum hatching egg numbers |
|
|
Term
| why light source is very important to reproductive birds |
|
Definition
| because you gotta make sure they have the right color range (maximum in the reddish range) |
|
|
Term
| why low placement ratio leads to low fertility |
|
Definition
| because of low mating frequency |
|
|
Term
| why only the left ovary and oviduct are functional in female chickens |
|
Definition
| this is really an adaptation for flight |
|
|
Term
| why placement ratio depends on the placement weight of the pullet and cockerel |
|
Definition
| because placement weight determines how fast they will mature in laying house |
|
|
Term
| why scales in broiler breeder operations must be calibrated |
|
Definition
| because there’s specific feed requirements for each age |
|
|
Term
| why some fertile eggs don't go to the hatchery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why spiking a flock can be counterproductive |
|
Definition
| because it can lead to too high a sex ratio |
|
|
Term
| why the competition may be too high after spiking a flock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why the feed availability needs to be consistent |
|
Definition
| because inconsistent feed availability leads to piling and choking events, which means increased mortality |
|
|
Term
| why the female doesn't need to be mated daily to stay fertile |
|
Definition
| because of sperm storage tubules |
|
|
Term
| why the hens need to get on the slats the first day they arrive |
|
Definition
| because that's where the feed and water is |
|
|
Term
| why the light for broiler breeders is important |
|
Definition
| because light penetrates the bird's skull |
|
|
Term
| why the place a hen lays the egg is important |
|
Definition
| because where eggs are laid impacts egg harvest rate |
|
|
Term
| why the problem of low mating frequency due to low placement ratio must be corrected early |
|
Definition
| because we lose early fertility and hatch if not corrected early |
|
|
Term
| why the work space in broiler breeder houses has to be clean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Increases feed volume per day over daily restricted. This way, the feed is more evenly distributed among the chickens.
-Improve flock uniformity
-Will continue until move flock to laying house or about the time of the first egg |
|
|
Term
| why using dark out lighting for rearing is advantageous |
|
Definition
| We can have more birds beginning lay at the same age and can better meet their nutritional needs. |
|
|
Term
| why we have to control body weight of broiler breeders |
|
Definition
| because if we don't, they'll become broilers |
|
|
Term
| why we have to train hens to use the nest |
|
Definition
| because where the hen lays the egg matters |
|
|
Term
| why wet litter is bad in chicken houses |
|
Definition
| because wet litter releases ammonia, which can burn their skin |
|
|
Term
| why you don't want birds to be piled on top of each other |
|
Definition
| because if they are, that wastes feed and produces poor uniformity |
|
|
Term
| why you don't want the auger to become uncharged |
|
Definition
| because if it does, it will cause a variable feed amount each day |
|
|
Term
| why you don't want to overrestrict a broiler breeder's ration |
|
Definition
| because it hurts the uniformity |
|
|
Term
| why you have to go to the flock having issues during evening |
|
Definition
| because about half of the mating takes place within 4 hours of the lights going out |
|
|
Term
| why you need to order slightly more pullets than you think you need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why you should regularly weigh broiler breeder chickens |
|
Definition
| to monitor feed gains and set feed amounts |
|
|
Term
| why you want layers to have enough Ca in their diet |
|
Definition
| because you don’t want soft-shelled eggs |
|
|
Term
| why you want the distribution of feed for a flock to be uniform? |
|
Definition
| The poorer the uniformity, the fewer birds will receive the nutrients they need to perform |
|
|
Term
| why you want the dust to stay off of the inlet covers when you're using dark out for rearing |
|
Definition
| because dust will build up on the inlet and fan covers, allowing light to reflect on the duct |
|
|
Term
| why you want the feed distribution in a broiler breeder house to be fast and even |
|
Definition
| Reduces bird migration, pick-over, spillage/waste, expending excess amounts of energy to apprehend feed, and starve-outs due to dominance issues. |
|
|
Term
| why you want the hens and roosters to spend time in the scratch area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why you want to control body weight gain in both sexes in broiler breeder operations |
|
Definition
| to optimize fertile egg production |
|
|
Term
| why you want to spread out the feed in a broiler breeder house as quickly as possible |
|
Definition
| because you don’t want too many birds milling around without something to eat |
|
|
Term
| you have to have space in front of the nest so that... |
|
Definition
| the hen can walk there and choose her nest |
|
|
Term
| you may need to do this with the feeding rations when the roosters start mating |
|
Definition
| give generous feed increases to prevent weight loss |
|
|
Term
| you need ______ inches between feed line and side wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you need ______ inches between back side of the nest and the feed line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you want to keep the birds interested in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you want to maximize the light that penetrates the birds' ______ |
|
Definition
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