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Post Partum Complications
PP Complications and blood incompatibilities
49
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/19/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Puerperal Infection
Definition

-infection of the reproductive tract up to six weeks postpartum

 

(temp 38C after first 24hrs)

Term
Most common puerperal infections
Definition

endometritis

urinary tract 

mastitis

Term

Endometritis 

Risk Factors

 

Definition

Prolonged rupture of membranes

prolonged labor

multiple vaginal exams

 RESULT: Chorioamnionitis

Trauma(perineum, vagina, cervix)

Catheterization

Retained placental fragments

Cesarean Birth

Concurent Problems (diabetes)

Term

Endometritis

Assessment Data

 

Definition

Uterine tenderness

Chills and malaise

abd cramping

Fever after 1st 24hrs

foul smelling lochia

uterine subinvolution

elevated WBC's

Term
Subinvolution
Definition
Failure of a part to return to its normal size after functional enlargement
Term

Puerperal Infections

(from endometritis, UTI, mastitis)

Definition

Endometritis             UTI                                    Mastitis

Prolonged ROM                                                poor hand washing

Prolonged labor                                         newborn oral contact

trauma                      trauma                            (staph aureus)

cath                         catheterization             Milk Stasis

retained placental       stasis/reflux                from infrequent bleeding

   fragments                 from gen anesthesia   from engorgement    

C/S                             from pressuire on       from clogged duct

Concurrent problems       bladder from presenting

                                  part

Term

 Endometritis

Medical and Nursing Management

(highest to lowest priority)

Definition

Fowler's postion(to help with drainage)

Analgesics for pain

IV antibiotics

non-pharm comfort (warm blankets, cool compress, cold/warm drinks, heating pad)

assist with infant care

 

Term

Urinatry Tract Infection

Postpartum Complication

 

RISK FACTORS

Definition

Trauma

-pressure on urethra from presenting part

 

Catheterization

 

Stasis/Reflux

-regional anesthesia

-pressure on bladder from presenting part

Term

UTI

 

ASSESSMENT DATA

Definition

Dysuria

Frequency

Suprapubic pain (where bladder is)

Low grade temp

Term
How can you tell the UTI is ascending?
Definition

Flank pain

elevated temp

Term

UTI

 

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT

PRIORITIES

 

 

 

Definition

Antibiotics

Analgesics

Encourage frequent voiding

Reinforce perineal hygiene

Encourage increased fluid intake

Discharge teaching

(S&S of worsening UTI)

Term

Discharge Teaching for

UTI

Definition

S&S of worsening

(chills, spiking fever, N/V)

proper perineal care

increase fluid intake

urinate frequently

Term

Mastitis

 

RISK FACTORS

Definition

Poor hand washing

Newborn oral contact

-staph aureus

 

Milk stasis from..

-infrequent breastfeeding

-engorgement

-clogged duct

-incorrect bras

-pinching breasts (accidents)

Term

Mastitis

 

 

ASSESSMENT DATA

Definition

Flu like symptoms

temp 38C or greater

localized pain over effected breast area

warmth and erythema of affected breast

Term

Mastitis

 

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT

Definition

Frequent breast feeding

monitor breast feeding technique 

(correct position and latch)

antibiotics

analgesics

non pharm (warm compresses)

Assistance with newborn care

Term

Mastitis

 

Discharge Teaching

Definition

Since this happens 2-4 weeks after birth provide info about prevention. 

 

Teach about positioning the infant correctly, avoiding nipple trauma,

milk stasis, empty breast completely

 

Avoid tight bras and carriers.

Term

Risk Factors of 

THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS

 

SVT vs DVT

Definition

Sperficial Thrombophlebitis

compression of large veins confined to lower leg (saphenous system)

 

Deep Vein Thrombosis

compression of large veins from foon to iliofemoral


Compression:injurs innermost layer of blood vessels

 

BOTH Risk Factors

venous stasis

postpartum hypercoagulation

 

Term

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

SVT

 

 

ASSESSMENT DATA

Definition

Localized tenderness

swelling

warmth

erythema

Term

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

SVT

 

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT

Definition

Ambulation as tolerated 

analgesics

moist heat

elevation of leg

 

ANTICOAGULATION NOT INDICATED

Term

Deep Vein Thrombosis

DVT

 

ASSESSMENT DATA

Definition

Positive Homan's sign

extremity cool to palpation

(due to relfex arterial spasms, which also cause decrease peripheral pulses)

edema of effected extremity

Term

DVT

 

MEDICAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT

Definition

Detected by doppler flow studies

bedrest

analgesics

IV anticoagulation

Monitor for Pulmonary embolism

-dyspnea

-shortness of breath

-decreased oxygen saturation

Term

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 

 

SVT/DVT

Definition

SVT                      DVT

 

Assessment                      Assessment

warmth                               cool 

localized tenderness              positive homan's


Management                     Management

ambulate                          bed rest

NO anticoagulation             IV anticoagulation -HEPARIN

elevate

Term
PREVENTION OF SVT/DVT
Definition

those at high risk get Heparin during pregnancy

pad the stirrups during birth

limit time in sitirrups <1hr

Term

 

 

EARLY POST PARTUM 

HEMORRHAGE

Definition
criteria are met within 24 hours after birth
Term

Late Postpartum 

Hemorrhage

Definition
criteria are met after the first 24 hours
Term

What is the abnormal blood loss during the first 24 hours following 

 

vaginal delivery

Definition
 a loss greater than 500ml
Term

What is the abnormal blood loss during the first 24 hours following

 

a Cesarean Delivery

Definition
a blood loss greater than 1000 ml
Term

Identify the primary cause of 

 

EARLY Postpartum hemorrhage

Definition

 

 

UTERINE ATONY

(boggy)

Term

Identify predisposing

 

RISK FACTORS

with 

UTERINE ATONY

Definition

Uterine Overdistention

Multiparity

Rapid Labor

Prolonged Labor

Term

Early Postpartum

Hemorrhage

 

Other Causes

Definition

Trauma

Lacerations of...

 -perineum

-vagina

-cervix

Hematoma

-vagina, perineum

 

Term

Predisposing risk factors of 

 

vaginal, labial and/or perineal hematoma

Definition

Predisposing Factors

 

macrosomia

rapid labor

assisted birth (forceps, vacuum)

Term

 Risk Factors associated with 

 

Lacerations

Definition

Lacerations occur during the 2nd stage of labor

 

when the fetal head decends rapidly

or the use of forceps/vacuum

Term

Identify the primary cause of 

 

LATE POSTPARTUM 

HEMORRHAGE

Definition

Primary Cause

uterine subinvolution

(slower than normal return of uterine size)

 

Other

retained placental fragments

 

Term

Late Postpartum Hemorrhage

 

MANAGEMENT

Definition
Outpatient surgical removal of placental fragments
Term
What is the rationale for weighing perineal pads postpartum
Definition

1g=1ml of blood lost

(to measure amount of blood lost)

 

saturation of one peripad in 15 minutes represents excessive blood loss.

Term
Assessment data of Uterine Atony
Definition

Atony:lack of muscle tone that results in failure of the uterine muscle fibers to contract arount blood vessels when placenta seperates

 

hemorrhage occurs 

Term

Assessment Data/Management

 

of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Definition

Assessments                                                 TNI's

Chart review-predisposing factors present   preform more frequent eval                           

Fundus-soft, boggy,displaced            void, massage, express clots

                                                   notify PCP if ineffective

Lochia-bleeding                               assess from trauma, weigh pads

Vital signs-tachy, decrease pulse,      report signs of excessive loss

         decrease BP, and O2

Urine output-decreased                    report less than 30ml/hr

skin-cool,damp,pale                         look for signs of hypovolemia

Term

ASSESSMENT OF UTERINE ATONY

 

Definition

assess fundus, bladder, lochia, vs, skin temp and color

assess location and consistency

 

have her void, massage

Term

Oxytocin (pitocin)

High Alert Med

Definition

Indications: Augment labor or firms uterine w/contractions to control bleeding

Dosage: begin with 20-40 milliunits/min-IV

             or IM 10units

TNI: observe uterus for firmness, height, monitor I&Os or bladder distention

Side Effects: prolonged may cause fluid retention, water intoxication, HYPOTENSION

Term

Mehtylergonovine Maleate (Methergine)

 

Definition

Class: prostaglandin, oxytocic

Acton:stimulates contraction of uterus

Dosage: IM 2mg MAX

Side effects: excessive dose causes lateration or uterine rupture, NVDia, pulmonary edema

TNIs: refridge, deep IM aspirate, monitor vs, antiemetic, antidiarrheals

Term
Nursing Responsibilities with antepartum management of RH neg. woman
Definition

 

Screening for sensitization

 

all Rh-women

about 28weeks preg

 

 

Term

 

ANTEPARTUM MANAGEMENT

 

Initial prenatal visit 

and repeated at 28 weeks 

Definition

Indirect Coombs is negative

mom needs prophylactic RhoGam

(no harm to current baby)

 

Indirect Coombs is positive

sensitation has occurred

(fetus/infant at risk for hemolytic anemia and jaundice)

no need for Rhogam

Term

Postpartum Management of 

Rh-woman

Definition

If mother is Rh-, umbilical cord taken to determine blood type, Rh factor and antibody titer of newborn.

 

If baby Rh+ mother gets RhoGam (D-immunoglobulin) within 72 hrs of delivery

 

If baby Rh- (antibody formation does not occur) and RhoGAM not necessary

 

Term

What is the difference between Indirect and Direct Coombs' testing

 

Definition

Identifies antibodies to Rh+ blood in

 

Indirect=mother serum

 

Direct=infant serum

Term

ABO INCOMPATIBILITY

NEWBORN/Fetal EFFECTS

Definition

NEWBORN:Potential hemolytic anemia

potential jaundice

 

FETAL EFFECTS: none

Term

Post Partum 

ABO Incompatibility Management 

 

Maternal Blood Type O

Definition

 

assess newborn blood type 

assess direct coombs (baby)

-detect antibodies to both blood type and Rh

Term

ABO Incompatibility Management

 

Infant blood type A or B

and direct coombs POSITVE

Definition

monitor infant for jaundice 

(indicating hyperbilirubinemia)

 

anticipate treatment for possible pathologic jaundice

 

anticipate possible hemolytic anemia

Term

ABO Incompatibility Management

 

Direct Coombs Negative

Definition

Infant is not at risk for jaundice due to blood incompatibility

 

infant is not at risk for hemolytic anemia

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