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| philosophical theories whose subjects are the implied agreements by which people form nations and maintain a social order. |
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| citizens' faith and trust in government and their own belief that they can understand and influence political affairs. |
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| The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political practice |
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| form of government where political power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society |
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| form of government in which the political power is held by a single self appointed ruler |
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| belief that the state is created by the will of its people, who are the source of all political power. |
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| political power in society does not lie with the electorate, nor with a small concentrated elite, but is distributed between a wide number of groups |
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| comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate |
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| form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the people's representatives |
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Statesmen and public figures supporting ratification of the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789. The Federalist Papers are documents associated with their movement.
Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington (1789–1797) and John Adams (1797–1801). Especially in the later years they are also called the Federalist Party. |
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| federalist papers authors |
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| Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay |
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| opposed stronger national government |
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| Article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution. national law, constitution is supreme over state law |
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| enumerated or expressed powers |
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| Congress may exercise only those powers that are stated in the Constitution, limited by the Bill of Rights. articale 1 section 8 |
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| necessary and proper clause |
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| The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States |
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| those powers authorized by a legal document which, while not stated, are deemed to be implied by powers expressly stated. also necessary and proper clause |
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| 10th amendment, federalism |
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| The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. expresses states rights over national government |
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| full faith and credit clause |
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| addresses the duties states within the United States have to respect the public acts, records, and judicial rulings of other states. article 4 section 1 |
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| privileges and immunities clause |
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| prevents states from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner, with regard to basic civil rights. The clause also embraces a right to travel, so that a citizen can enjoy privileges and immunities in any states he or she wishes. article 4 section 1 |
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| all unspecified regulatory powers, or "police power," rested with the states |
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| powers that the United States Constitution does not give to the federal government, or forbid to the states, are reserved to the people or the states. |
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| Congress has the exclusive authority to manage trade activities between the states and with foreign nations and Indian tribes |
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| in supremacy clause, when there is a conflict between state and federal law, federal law preempts state law |
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| first United States Supreme Court case since the Great Depression to set limits to Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. |
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| Massacusetts same sex marriage case |
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| government attorneys "failed to identify any constitutionally adequate reason" to deny them the right. States right to make this decision in their territory |
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| gave state residents preferential treatment in obtaining jobs, presumably went against privileges and immunities clause |
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| freedoms that protect the individual from government to a certain extent. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its power and interfere with the lives of its citizens. freedom of association, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech, and additionally, the right to due process, to fair trial, and to privacy. |
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| describe, portray in words |
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| where in constitution are civil liberties delineated |
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| proposal requirements for amendments |
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| amendments may be proposed by the United States Congress or by a national convention assembled at the request of the legislatures of at least two-thirds of the several states. two-thirds of both houses of Congress may propose an amendment |
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| unlawful intrusion into the personal life of another person without just cause |
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| United States Supreme Court case concerning the incorporation of the Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy. |
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| ruled that the Constitution protected a right to privacy. |
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| Although states have the power to accommodate otherwise illegal acts done in pursuit of religious beliefs, they are not required to do so. |
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| unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys |
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| criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. |
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| holds that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law |
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| Civil rights are rights that are bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries |
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| levels of scrutiny used by courts to review cases |
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| strict scrutiny for federal laws, rational basis review and intermediate scrutiny |
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