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| what public officials within government, and by extension the citizens they represent, choose to do or not do about public problems. this can include passing laws or approving regulations, spending money, or providing tax breaks, among other things |
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| the excersise of power in society or in specific decisions over public polcy; used to refer to the processes through which public policies are formulated and adopted, especially the role played by elected officials, organized interest groups, and political parties. politics can also be thought of as how conflicts in society are expressed and resolved in favor of one set of interests or social values over another |
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| a type of market failure in which a good, such as police protection, is defined by its ability to jointly consumed and for which exclusionis not feasible |
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| a type of market failure whereby a good is defined by its ability to be jointly consumed, and exclusion is feasible. an example is cable television services |
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| resources that are shared by a society and available to all to consume, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and public lands. also represents a type of market failure in which a good is defined by its abiity not to be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not feasible |
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| the general good of all people in a community, state, or nation. also refers to goods, such as national defense, that could in principle be private but instead are provided by government because private markets cannot do so. also called a public good. |
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| term used when the private market is not efficient; some argue that such a failure provides a justification for government intervention |
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| a type of market failure that occurs when two parties interact in a market and a third party is harmed as a result, and does not get compensated |
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| a type of market failure that occurs the same way as a negative externality, by the third party gains something form the two-party interaction and does not have to pay for it. |
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| subgovernments/issue networks |
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* term used to describe how policy making occurs in less formal settings or venues and involves policy actors within particular issue areas, such as national defense
* term coined by political scientist Hugh Heclo to describe informal arrangements or relationships among policy actors in the making of public policy |
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| incrementalism (incremental policymaking) |
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| policy changes that occur in small steps; adjustments are made at the margins of existing policies through minor amendments or the gradual extension of a program's mandate of the groups it serves |
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| advocacy coalition framework |
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| policy making theory developed by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith that focuses on the "interactions of competing advocacy coalitions," particulary within a policy subsystem, such as agriculture, telecommunitcations, or environmental protection. each coalition consists of policy actors from different public and private instituitions and different levels of government that share a particular set of beliefs about the policies that government should promote |
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| step in the policy process whereby policy actors attempt to get an issue seriously considered for public access |
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| the difference between policy outputs and policy outcomes |
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| the four main criteria used to judge the merit or value of public policies |
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| the historical development of Public Policy 4 eras |
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| what is unique about the US context of policy making(the 4 elements of american stability) notes |
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| the three features of the consitiutional structure that promote policy restraint |
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| the five policy making environment/contexts |
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| the three kinds of rationales for government involvement/intervention |
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| four types of market failures |
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| who makes up the executive branch and how are they involved in the policy process |
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| advantages of the Presidency in the policy process |
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| What is bureaucracy and what role does it play in public policy making? What are the limitations or cautions? |
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| who (what agencies and departments) make up the Federal Bureaucracy? |
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| the role of legislative branch in policy making and the ways this branch influences the policy process |
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| who makes up the federal judiciary? |
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| the judiciary's role in public policy |
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| 5 theories of politics and public policy |
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| the 6 stages in the Policy Process Model |
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| How do the notions of saliency and conflict influence agenda setting? |
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| 5 kinds of Policy Instruments |
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| four main policy typologies |
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| three types of regulatory policy |
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| 5 kinds of informal actors in the policy process |
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| what are the different kinds of interest groups? |
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| the roles interest groups play in the policy process and the activities these groups engage in |
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| what are the different kinds of interest groups? |
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| the roles interest groups play in the policy process and the activities these groups engage in |
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| how political parties influence or affect the policy process |
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| the 5 steps in the policy analysis process |
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| root causes versus proximate causes |
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| comprehensive analysis versus short term policy relevance |
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| consensual versus contentious analysis |
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| rational analysis versus democratic politics |
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| three important features of public problems |
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| 6 major components of problem analysis |
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