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POS 110
Chapter 3
27
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2007

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Term
block grant
Definition
Federal grants to a state and/or local government that impose minimal restrictions on the use of funds.
Term
categorical grant
Definition
Federal grants to a state and/or local government that impose programmatic restriction on the use of funds.
Term
commerce clause
Definition
Constitutional provision that gives Congress power to regulate commerce "among the states."
Term
cooperative federalism
Definition
The theory that all levels of government can work toogether to solve common problems.
Term
devolution
Definition
Return of governmental responsibilities to state and local governments.
Term
Dillon's rule
Definition
Legal doctrine that local governments are mere creatures of the state.
Term
dual sovereignty
Definition
A theory of federalism say that both the national and state governments have final authority over their own policy domains.
Term
federalism
Definition
Division of sovereignty between at least two levels of government.
Term
general revenue sharing
Definition
The most comprehensive of block grants, which gives money to state and local governments to be used for any purpose whastsoever.
Term
governor
Definition
State chief executive whose responsibilities roughly parallel those of the president.
Term
Great Society
Definition
Series of programs enacted under President Lyndon Johnson, designed to address social ill's in the nation's poor, elderly, and minority communities.
Term
implementation
Definition
The way in which grant programs are administered at the local level.
Term
intergovernmental grant
Definition
Grant from the national government to a state or local government.
Term
laboratories of democracy
Definition
Doctrine that state and local governments contribute to democracy by providing places where experiments are tried and new theories tested.
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland
Definition
Decision of 1819 in which the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional the state's power to tax a federal government entity.
Term
New Deal
Definition
Programs created by the Franklin Roosevelt administration that expanded the power of the federal government for the purpose of stimulating economic recovery and establishing a national safety net.
Term
NIMBY problem
Definition
Everyone wants the problem solved, but "not in my backyard."
Term
nullification
Definition
A doctrine that says that states have the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
Term
pork barrel projects
Definition
Special legislative benefits targeted toward the constituents of particular members of Congress.
Term
reapportionment
Definition
Redrawing of electoral district lines to reflect population changes; the allocation of House seats to the states after each decennial census.
Term
sovereignty
Definition
Fundamental governmental authority.
Term
spending clause
Definition
Constitutional provision that gives Congress the power to collect taxes to provide for the general welfare.
Term
state sovereign immunity
Definition
Legal doctrine, based on the Eleventh Ammendment, that says states cannot be sued under federal law.
Term
tyranny of the majority
Definition
Stifling of dissent by those voted into power by the majority.
Term
unfunded mandates
Definition
Federal regulations that impose burdens on state and local governments without appropriating enough money to cover costs.
Term
unitary government
Definition
System under which all authority is held by a single, national government.
Term
War on Poverty
Definition
One of the most controversial of the Great Society programs, designed to enhance the economic opportunity of low-income citizens.
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