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POS 110
Chapter 17
23
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2007

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Affirmative action
Definition
Programs designed to enhance opportunities for groups that have suffered discrimination in the past.
Term
Black codes
Definition
Restrictive laws that applied to newly freed slaves but not to whites.
Term
Brown v. Board of education topeka, Kansas
Definition
1954 Supreme Court decision declaring racial segregation in schools unconstitutional.
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
A peaceful, well publicized violation of a law designed to dramatize that law's injustice.
Term
Civil rights
Definition
Specific rights that embody the general right to equal treatment under the law.
Term
De facto segregation
Definition
Segregation that occurs as the result of decisions by private individuals.
Term
De jure segregation
Definition
Racial segregation that is legally sanctioned.
Term

Equal protection clause

Definition

Fourteenth amendment clause specifying that no state can deny any of its people equal protection under the law.

Term
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Definition
Proposed Amendment to the Constitution that banned gender discrimination.
Term
Glass ceiling
Definition
The invisible barrier that has limited women's opportunities for advancement to the highest ranks of politics, business, and the professions.
Term
Grandfather clause
Definition
Racialy restrictive provision of certain southern laws after Reconstruction, permitting a man to vote if his father or grandfather could have.
Term
Jim Crow laws
Definition
Laws passed by southern states after Reconstruction, enforcing segregation.
Term
NAACP
Definition
Civil rights organization, dating from 1909, that relied heavily on a legal strategy to pursue its objectives.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
Court decision declaring separate but equal public facilities constitutional.
Term
Poll tax
Definition
Fee one must pay in order to be allowed to vote.
Term
Quota
Definition
Specific number of positions set aside for a specific group; said by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.
Term
Racial profiling
Definition
The singling out of certain people for suspicious behavior based on their race or ethnicity.
Term
Reconstruction
Definition
Period after the Civil War when southern states were subject to a federal military presence.
Term

Restrictive housing covenant

Definition
Legal promise by home buyers that they would not resell to an African American; enforcement declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court.
Term
Separate but equal doctrine
Definition
Rule stating that the equal protection clause was not violated by segregation alone, provided that the separate facilities were equal.
Term
State action doctrine
Definition
Rule stating that only the actions of state and local governments, not those of private individuals, must conform to the equal protection clause.
Term
Suspect classification
Definition
Categorization of a particular group that will be closely scrutinized by the courts to se whether its use is unconstitutional.
Term
White primary
Definition
Primary elections, held by the Democratic party after Reconstruction, that in many southern states excluded nonwhites from participation.
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