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Population Geography Year 11
Preliminary HSC Australia
22
Geography
11th Grade
03/21/2016

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Term
Age Structure
Definition
Percentage of the population (or number of people of each gender) at each age level in a population.
Term
Birth Rate
Definition
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people in a population per year.
Term
Child Mortality Rate
Definition
The annual number of children under the age of five years who die per 1000 live births; also known as the under-5 mortality rate.
Term
Death Rate
Definition
The total number of deaths per 1000 people in a population per year.
Term
Demographic Changes
Definition
Changes in the size, composition, rates of growth, and density of population; changes to fertility and mortality rates; and changes to patterns of migration.
Term
Demographic Transition
Definition
The theory that relates the process of industrialization to declining death rates followed by declines in birth rates
Term
Demography
Definition
The study of the characteristics and changes in the size and structure of human populations.
Term
Fertility Rate
Definition
The average number of children a woman will have during her reproductive years.
Term
Infant Mortality Rate
Definition
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births.
Term
Life Expectancy
Definition
The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Term
Migration
Definition
The act or process of moving from one place to another with the intent of staying at the destination permanently or for a relatively long period of time.
Term
Overpopulation
Definition
The situation where the existing population is too large to be adequately supported by available resources.
Term
Population Density
Definition
The number of people per unit of area.
Term
Population Distribution
Definition
The variation of population density over a specified area.
Term
Population Doubling Time
Definition
The number of years required for a population to double in size given a constant rate of natural increase.
Term
Population Pyramid
Definition
A bar graph showing the distribution by gender and age group of a country's population.
Term
Population Structure
Definition
The age and gender composition of a population, usually depicted as a population pyramid.
Term
Rate of Natural Increase
Definition
The percentage by which a population grows in a year. This is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate and excludes migration.
Term
Replacement-Level Fertility
Definition
The number of children a woman and her reproductive partner must have to replace themselves. The worldwide average is usually just above two children per couple because some children die before they reach their reproductive years.
Term
Urban Growth
Definition
The rate of growth of an urban population.
Term
Urbanisation
Definition
The process by which there is an increase in the proportion of a population living in places classified as urban; the movement from rural to urban areas.
Term
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
Definition
The situation where the birth rate equals the death rate and the population size remains stable.
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