Term
| Quantity vs. Quality of Offspring |
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Definition
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Term
| tradeoff between egg number and egg survival |
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Term
| as egg number increases, egg survival ___________, example of Lacks tradeoff |
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Term
| Who performed experiment with Rock Bass? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/ False: Rock bass can care for a million eggs as well as they can care for 20 |
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Definition
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Term
| Offspring survival is dependent upon parents ability to care (T/F) |
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Definition
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| A parent who cares a large amount for their offspring would expect to live longer, or shorter based on sabats experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
| T,F: the number of eggs is indirectly proportional to the parental care and offspring survival |
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Definition
| false, its directly proportional |
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Term
Whose tradeoff says
remaining offspring in your lifetime= present + future |
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Definition
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Term
| T,F: the experiment done by alberto sabat with rock bass proved evident for lacks tradeoff |
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Term
| who conducted experiment with mouthbrooding achlid fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: In rock bass, as egg number increases, his parental care involved increases and his survival to the next breeding season decreases |
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Definition
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Term
The achlid that had their offspring removed from them would be expected to have a smaller, or larger brood in the future? |
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Definition
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Term
| the achlid that did not have the eggs removed would be expected to have a long, or short period of time between that brood and its next? |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: body mass is directly proportional to the size of brood and number of eggs |
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Definition
| false, indirectly proportional |
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Term
| who found a tradeoff between as brood size increases, there is no effect on the survival of the parent, no decrease in maternal growth, decrease in future egg # |
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Definition
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Term
| In balshean-earns experiment, why was there no decrease in parental survival? |
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Definition
| conducted in an environment with no predators |
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Term
| Lack's tradeoff operates within ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: life-history tradeoffs allow an organism from maximizing all of its fitness components simutaneously |
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Definition
| life-history tradeoffs prevent |
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Term
| R(x)= ___________ + ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
Total expectation of remaining lifetime reproductive sucess of an individual aged (x) |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of investment into parental care is proprtional to the value of the brood at stake, relative to the value of the parents furture reproduction. This is known as what rule? |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: parents should increase care with increasing brood size, even if they dont need it, because the gain in offspring is greater than the loss in future reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is lacks tradeoff less important in fish than it is in birds? |
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Definition
-fish do not feed their young
-defense and fanning are as easy to do for small clutches as large ones |
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Term
| total expectation of a remaining lifetime reproductive success of an individual aged (x) |
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Definition
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Term
| parental effort, the proportion of parental resources invested in current offspring |
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Definition
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Term
proportion of parental resources invested in parent itself |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
present reproduction as a function of E
-egg# X probability egg survives to independence from parental care survival probability of offspring increases as parental effort (E) increaes |
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Definition
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Term
total expectation of future reproductive success
-after breeding attempt, as a function of E |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| as effort in the current brood increases, F(E) ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| P(E) _________ as E increaes |
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Definition
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Term
| Williams model assumes that natural selection ________ Rx for each age class (x) |
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Definition
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Term
what variable means
-total expectations of lifetime reproductive success of a newborn
-net replacement rate of the population |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
____ is the survival from birth to time (t) |
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Definition
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Term
| m(t) is expected _______ at time (t) |
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Definition
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Term
| R(x)= (2 different equations) |
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Definition
∑((lt)/(lx)) X (mt)
1/(lx)∑(lt)(mt) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the present reproduction expected number of offspring that reach independence at age(x) of parent |
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Definition
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Term
| survival from age (x) to (x+1) of parent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| survival from birth (age 0) to age x |
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Definition
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Term
| survival from birth (age 0) to age x+1 |
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Definition
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Term
| total expectation of remaining lifetime reproductive success of an individual age x+1 |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: life tables are age dependent schedules of reproductive success |
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Definition
| life tables are age dependent schedules of survival and reproduction |
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Term
| what kind of life table looks at ages of current populations and their birth rates, and estimates survivals based on current numbers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of life table starts with a large sample of newborns, and follows them from birth to death. Survivals and birth rates measured directly |
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Definition
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Term
T/F at the top of a Rx vs. age curve, the maximum position represents the first reproduction in species in which birth rates dont increase much with age (mammals, things with determinate growth) |
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Definition
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Term
T/F: In species with determinate growth (mammals), R(x) increases after age of first reproduction, but at some point deceases after it |
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Definition
| False: indeterminate growth |
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Term
| True/False: Rx increaes as x approaches age of first reproduction because survival from x until you start reproducing increases as x increases (birds, mammals, etc.) |
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Definition
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Term
Mutations that affect organism when Rx is lowest have the greatest effect.
(T/F) |
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Definition
| highest Rx, effects are greatest |
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Term
Effects of ______ ____________ are "strongest" on those age classes where R(x) is greatest |
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Definition
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Term
| deleterious mutations that manifest itself after reproduction is invisible to ________ ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What man came up with the hypothesis of mutation accumulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what man came up with the hypothesis of antagonistic pleiotopy |
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Definition
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Term
deleterious mutations that have ages of onset late in life are under stronger selection than those with ages of onset early in life |
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Definition
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Term
| gene effects more than one trait |
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Definition
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Term
| fruit flies that have high fecundity have a longer, or shorter lifespan? |
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Definition
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Term
| In antagonistic pleiotropy, williams is talking about __________ vs _________ tradeoff |
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Definition
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Term
| t,f: a mutation with a negative effect when Rx is high and a positive effect later in life when Rx is lower, will be overall adaptive, and favoured by natural selection |
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Definition
| false-- positive and negative are mixed up |
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Term
In williams hypothesis, senescene is an adaptation
(t,f)? |
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Definition
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Term
in fruit flies, as early fecundity increases, lifespan decreases, and the tradeoff between present and future is heritable
true/false |
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Definition
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Term
| mutation accumulation and antagonistic depend on the shape of the ____ vs. X curve |
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Definition
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Term
deleterious mutations with late age of onset tend to "accumulate" in the population
(t/f) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| population size at time t, where t spawns generations |
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Term
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Definition
| population size at time zero, initial pop. size |
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Definition
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Term
| how are geometric and exponential related in their equation? |
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Definition
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Term
true false
exp and geom growth rates are related as lnr=λ |
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Definition
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Term
| If Ro=1, population is ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| If Ro<1, population is ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
which type of growth model has the population growth rate indpendent of N |
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Definition
| exponential and geometric |
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Term
true/false
r or λ are constant in time, and do not vary with N |
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Definition
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Term
what kind of model...
r dpends on N
as N increases, r decreases
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| (t/f) absolute growth is when big things grow faster than small things |
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Definition
| false --> exponential growth rate MUST BE constant |
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Term
| Higher dN/dT means a ________ N value |
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Definition
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Term
| lower dN/dT means a ________ N value |
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Definition
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Term
| with age structure population survival curves, which type has the most mortality occuring among elders? |
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Definition
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Term
| with age structure population survival curves, which type has the most mortality occuring among juveniles? |
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Definition
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Term
| with age structure population survival curves, which type has the highest birth rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| with age structure population survival curves, which type has the lowest birth rate? |
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Definition
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Term
discrete models and continuous models are due to intraspecific interactions
t/f |
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Definition
false
INTERspecific reactions |
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Term
| geometric is what kind of model? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kind of oscillation can result in extinction? |
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Definition
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