Term
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Definition
| a structure of government characterized by the division of powers between a national goernment and associated regional governments. |
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Term
| What is the key role of states in (federalism) process? |
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Definition
| The states strategically crucial role in the administration, financing, and planning of intergovernmental programs and regulations-both federal and their own- and their perennial key position in practically all areas of local governance has made them the pivital middlemen in the realm of functional federalism |
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Term
| What is the nature and legal relationship between state and nation? |
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Definition
| the powers of the national government are listed in the us constitution, and by adding the 10th amendment.. "The powers not delegated to the united states by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, respectively, or to the People." |
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Term
| What is the (1)10th amendment vs.(2) national supremacy clause (article 6) |
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Definition
| 1)These powers include police power, taxing power, and power of eminent domain. 2) emphasizes that the US const. and acts of congress, as well as US treaties, must prevail over state const. and laws enacted by state legislators. |
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Term
| What are (1)delegated and (2)implied powers and (3)what is their significance? |
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Definition
1) specific powers entrusted to the national govt. Ex: regulate interstate and foreign commerce, borrow and coin money, establish post offices, declare war, etc.
2) the power "to make all laws which shall be neccasery and proper for carrying into execution..." or powers inferred by the constitutional authority of the US congress.
3)expands the authority of the national govt |
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Term
| What are the (1)specific reserved powers of the states ( and what is the (2)controversy over eminent domain) |
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Definition
1)
A) police power (protection of health, safety...)
B) taxing power (raising revenue to pay salaries...)
C) proprietary power ( public ownership of property such as airports, parks... )
D) power of eminent domain (taking private property for highway construction or other public use at a fair price)
2) in 2005 under the 5th amend. the supreme court expanded this power in order to seize private homes for priavte devlpt. as a result statutory limits were imposed on govt entities condemning private porp where the primary purpose is economic devpt. |
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Term
| What is the distinction between (1) block grants and categorical grants, and which side prefers which? |
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Definition
| (1) fixed sums of money awarded according to an automatic formula determined by congress; distibutes money to state and local govts. |
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Term
| What is the difference between temporary and permanent party organization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of ideology in Texas? |
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Definition
| Note: Dominance of conservatism, the neoliberalism of many tx dems, and the prevelance of ideological inconsistancy. (reveiw the difference in the 2 state party platforms) |
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Term
| What is dealignment, realignment, and how do they play out in TX? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is straight-ticket voting and why would it be important? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it difficult to get a 3rd party or independent candidate on the ballot? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do middle of the ballot candidates and some local candidates find this a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a sound bite and why do it and its cousin, the full minute ad, not give us much real info? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is mud or negative campaigning, and why do they do it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What have been the approcahes to campaign finance reform/regulation? Which are more restrictive: federal or TX? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are soft and hard money contributions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is texas's history long history of denying the vote to many texans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the provisions of the Voting Rights act of 1965? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does texas have low voter turnouts? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| true or false: the 10th amendment specifically identifies states' powers |
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Term
| it gives states more freedom |
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Definition
| does devolution give states more or less freedom to make decision |
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Term
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Definition
| how many different constitutions has tx had throughout its history? |
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Term
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Definition
| true or false: the present day tx constitution has been admended just under 100 times |
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Term
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Definition
| when was the last time voters were presented with a wholesale const. revision propossal from the states legislator |
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Term
| false, amending the const requires 2/3rds of the members of each chamber of the state legis. to vote for a proposed amendment, and only a simple maj. of the voters to approach it in a const amendment election. |
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Definition
| true or false: amending the tx const requires 2/3rds of the members of each chamber of the state legislature voting for a proposed amendment, and 3/4ths of the voters approving it in a const. amendment election |
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Term
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Definition
| true or false: the tx const contains const rights not found in the us const. |
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Term
| to the legislative, executive and judicial |
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Definition
| article 11 of the tx const assigns powers to which branches of govt? |
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Term
| the doctrine of preemption |
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Definition
| Federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicincal use best exemplifies: |
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Term
| a more active national govt |
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Definition
| The new deal of the 1930's signaled the rise of.. |
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Term
| the court interpreted the delegated powers of congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers. |
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Definition
| MuCulloch V. Maryland is an important case beacuse: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of grant provides more control to state and local govts in the distribution of federal grants-in-aid? |
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Term
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Definition
| Over the course of AMerican history, the federal govt has ____________ compared with state govt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following is a "traditional" area of national govt repsponsibility? Defense, social security, welfare, or FEMA |
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Term
| The national govt grants the states more authority over a range of policies |
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Definition
| What is the meaning of the concept of devulition of authority? |
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Term
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Definition
| Over what current issue has the "full faith and credit" clause become embroiled in controversy? |
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Term
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Definition
| true or false: for most of US history, the national govt followed a strict interpretation of interstate commerce. |
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Term
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Definition
| The constitution specifically grants Congress the power to do all of the following except: borrow money, lay and collect taxes, declare war, charter a national bank. |
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Term
| a unitary system of govt. |
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Definition
| The national govt selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools best represents what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific powers provided to the national govt in the US const are called _____ powers |
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Term
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Definition
| Which provision allows cities a guarantee of non-interference in various local affairs by state govts? |
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Term
| The national govt sets standards of conduct or requires the states to set standards that meet national guidelines |
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Definition
| What is the meaning of the concept of regulated freedom? |
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Term
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Definition
| The division of powers and functions between the national govt and state govt is the definition of... |
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Term
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Definition
| For 3/4ths of American history, ____ has done most of the fundemental governing |
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Term
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Definition
| In conrast to ____ federalism that defined america until the 1930's, since the new deal, _______ fedralism has prevailed. |
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Term
| Money appointed by the national congress to state and local govts. |
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Definition
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Term
| To limit the powers of the central govt by establishing reserved powers for states and indv. |
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Definition
| What is the purpose of the 10th amendment? |
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Term
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Definition
| The power to declare war is an example of which type of power? reserved, implied, concurrent, or expressed |
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Term
| It was the first time since the new deal that the supreme court limited the power of congress under the commerce clause |
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Definition
| The supreme court ruling in United states Vs. Lopez is important because |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on sate and local govts for which they are not reimbursed by the national govt is the definition of |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of transferring more responsibilites of governing from the national level to the state level is known as |
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Term
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Definition
Which level of govt is not adressed in the const.
national govt, states, cities, all are adressed |
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Term
| All of these are benefits of federalism |
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Definition
One benefit of having a federal system is that..
A) states can act as laborotories of democracy
B) states have different needs and concerns
C) it gives state and local govt more flexibility handle problems
D) all of these are benefits of federalism |
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Term
| gave the national govt significan new authority to regulate interstae commerce. |
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Definition
| Gibbons Vs. Odgen in 1824 was important because it.. |
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Term
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Definition
| By the year 1932, ____ % of the us workforce was unemployed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by.... |
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Term
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Definition
| The era of "new federalism" began in the |
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Term
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Definition
| Which president is best know for his attempts to return power to the states |
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Term
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Definition
| Which constitutional amendment ablolished slavery? |
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Term
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Definition
| Protections of citizens from improper govt action is the definition of |
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Term
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Definition
| The 2cd amendment concerns |
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Term
| de jure ( jury and legal) |
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Definition
| Legal segregation is called ______ segregation |
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Term
| Racially segregated schools can never be = and therefore violoate the = protection clause of 14th amendment |
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Definition
| summarize the supreme court's ruling in Brown v Board of education |
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Term
| The 2cd amendments rights to bear arms |
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Definition
| Which part of the Bills of Rights was most recenetly incorporated against the states? |
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Term
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Definition
four forms of speech fall outside the absolute guarantees of the First Amendment and therefore outside the realm of protected forms of speech. Which of the following is not a conditionally protected form of speech?
A) political speech
B)libel and slander
C) obscenity and porn
D) fighting words |
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Term
| Unlike civil liberties, civil rghts place positive obligations on the govt to take action |
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Definition
| Describe how to distinguish civil rights from civil liberties |
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Term
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Definition
| The supreme courts decision in Roe VS. Wade was based on |
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Term
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Definition
which issues have been considered by the supreme court under the right to privacy doctrine established in GRISWOLD VS. CONNETICUT
A)Birth control, abortion, homesexuality, all of the above |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is defined as compensatory action to overcome the consequences of past discrimination |
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Term
| Only some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states |
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Definition
| The concept of selective incorporation means |
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Term
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Definition
| The supreme court ruled that the right to privacy did not extend to homosexuals in the case of... |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking private property for public use is covered under the provision of... |
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Term
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Definition
| The 4th,5th,6th, and 8th amendments, taken together, define |
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Term
| permit a system of segregated social facilities |
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Definition
| For the first 100 years after the ratification of the 14th amendment, the supreme court interpreted the equal protection clause to |
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Term
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Definition
| The first amendment's __ protects the right to beleive in and practice one's religion of choice |
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Term
| won federal recognition of their sovereignty, sued federal govt for illegally seizing their lands, and won the right to speak their own lang. |
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Definition
| SInce 1975, native americans have succesfuly |
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Term
| Americans with diablilites act |
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Definition
| in 1990, congress passed__ which guarantees equal employment rights and access to public buisnesses for the disabled |
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Term
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Definition
| The Supreme Court has ruled that even illegal immigrants are eligible for all of the following except |
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Term
| Substantive liberties; procedial liberties |
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Definition
| ___limit what the government can do, while _____ define how the government can act. |
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Term
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Definition
In cases of racial discrimination, the supreme court uses the___ test
A) lemon B) community standards C) strict scrutiny D) intermediate scrutiny |
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Term
| University of California V Board of education |
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Definition
| What Supreme Court case first restricted the use of racial quotas in university admissions? |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following places restaints on how the govt is supposed to act?
A)substantive liberties B) procedural liberties C) due process of law D) both b and c |
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Term
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Definition
| Ten years after the Brown decision, about ____ % of black shchool age children in the deep south were attending school with whites. |
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Term
| Differing opinons as to what constitutes "cruel and unusual punishment" |
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Definition
| Division of current public opinion about the death penalty results from |
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Term
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Definition
| Which court decison established the priniciple of seperate but equal |
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Term
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Definition
| giving a speech against abortion and then distrubuting informational leaflets is an example of |
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Term
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Definition
| The Supreme Court upheld a state university ban on Tupperware parties in college dormitories, upheld laws prohibiting the electronic media from carrying cigarette advertising, and upheld a Puerto Rico statute restricting the advertising of casino gambling. These are examples of restrictions on |
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Term
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Definition
The bill of rights originally applied to ..
A) only the national govt B) only the state govt C) both national and state govt D) only state and local govts |
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Term
| It declared the act unconstitutional bec the const only protects against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. |
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Definition
| What was the supreme court's response to civil rights act of 1875? |
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Term
| constitutional since race was used only as a guideline for social diversity and not a quota |
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Definition
| In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that Michigan Law School’s affirmative action policy was constitutional/unconstitutional bc.. |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of education |
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Definition
| In what case did the US supreme court delcare "seperate facilites are inherently unequal" |
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Term
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Definition
| The first civil liberty selectivly incorporated into the 14th amendment as a limitation on state govt power was for |
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Term
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Definition
The supreme court of Mapp vs Ohio established the..
A) clear and present danger doctrine B) lemon test C) exlusionary rule D) standard by which obscenity is defined. |
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Term
| discrimination in public accomodation, school segregation and employment discrimination |
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Definition
| The civil rights act of 1964 prohibited what? |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that declares an action to be illegal after it has been commited is .. |
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Term
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Definition
| This const amendment guaranteed voting rights for african american men |
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Term
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Definition
| By far, the most important piece of legislation passed by congress fostering equal oppurtunity in the us was the |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ has been interpreted quite strictly to mean that a virtual wall of seperation exsists between church and state |
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Term
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Definition
| By what year were blacks and women actually able to vote in large numbers? |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| A commited minority that can override the viewpoint of the majority |
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Definition
| What can contribute to a lack of consistency between public opinion and govermental policy? |
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Term
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Definition
| I support political and social change, government intervention in the economy, and the expansion of federal social services. However, I mistrust government involvement in personal issues, such as telling my children when or how to pray. I am most likely |
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Term
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Definition
WHich of the following is not one of the 4 most important agents of socialization?
A) partisanship B) family C) membership in social groups D) prevailing political conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| According to the textbook, which type of equality is most prominent in the United States? |
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Term
| income, race, education, and gender |
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Definition
| What variables is likely to affect public opinion? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which group is the most influential agent of socialization in early childhood? |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT a core us value?
A) individual liberty B) democracy C) big govt D) equality of oppurtunity |
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Term
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Definition
| True or false: the avg american ehibits little knowldge of politcal institutions, processes, or leaders |
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Term
| By creating a system that did not automatically let popular opinon translate into public policies |
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Definition
| How did the framers of the const grapple with effect public opinion might have on govermental policy? |
|
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Term
| the size of the population |
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Definition
Which is NOT important in determing the reliablility of a poll?
A) size of pop B) size of sample C) wording of questions D) margin of error |
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Term
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Definition
| What is wrong with the following poll question" Do you think it was appropriate for president bush to lie so that he could start a war with Iraq?" |
|
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Term
| dont have srtong feelings about the issues at hand |
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Definition
| People are more likely to change their opinons when they |
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Term
| How political conditions affect political beleifs |
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Definition
| The South’s move from the Democratic to the Republican camp took place because of white southern opposition to the Democratic Party’s racial policies." According to the textbook authors, this statement illustrates |
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Term
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Definition
| Above all, a public-opinion sample must |
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Term
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Definition
| The set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which individuals come to understand and interpret politics is called |
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Term
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Definition
| In general, the government’s actions are __________ with citizen’s preferences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The processes through which underlying political beliefs and values are formed are collectively called |
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Term
| women, a labor union , and a politcal party |
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Definition
| Which of the following is an example of a social group? |
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Term
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Definition
| The term used to denote the beliefs that people have about political issues, events, institutions, and personalities is |
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Term
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Definition
| I support the social and political status quo, and I am suspicious of government regulation of business. However, I favor government involvement in social issues and believe the government should promote prayer in public school. I am most likely |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______________ are scientific instruments for measuring public opinion. |
|
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Term
| helps determine a persons success in life, is a great equilizer, and teaches children common set of civic values |
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Definition
| In many respects, schooling in the United States |
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Term
| college graduates more oten participate in politics as compared to americans with less education |
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Definition
| Which of the following is a major difference between college graduates and other Americans? |
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Term
| color their perceptions so that they often make automatic judgments |
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Definition
| People’s underlying beliefs and ideologies |
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Term
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Definition
| Which kind of polling error arises when a sample of public opinion overrepresents or underrepresents some opinions? |
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Term
| asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondents opinon |
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Definition
| The practice of push polling involves |
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Term
| political and voting differences between men and women |
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Definition
| What is the so-called gender gap? |
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Term
| the party that hold the majority of seats in the house |
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Definition
| The speaker of the house is actually selected by |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following widely used systems has the effect of diminishing the power of American party leaders?
A) proportional representation B) machine system C) primary system D) partonage system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Partisan ties in the united states have____ in recent |
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Term
| nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence elections |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a task of the Democratic and Republican National Committees? |
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Term
| a mulitple member district system that gives each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote |
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Definition
| A proportional-representation electoral system is |
|
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Term
| third parties have never have won the presiency since the inception of our current system |
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Definition
| Since the creation of our current two-party system, when was the last time a third-party candidate won the presidency of the United States? |
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Term
|
Definition
| After thirty-six years of dominating U.S. political life, the Republican Party lost power after _________ began. |
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Term
|
Definition
| From the Civil War to the 1960s, the _________was a Democratic stronghold. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Until recent years at least, ____________ have been the principal agents responsible for giving citizens the motivation and incentive to vote. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Compared with political parties in Europe, parties in the United States have always seemed |
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Term
|
Definition
| Joe walks into his voting station and the election judge asks him which party’s ballot he would like to vote on today. Joe is in |
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Term
| is protected by the 1st amendment right of free speech |
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Definition
| The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office |
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Term
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Definition
| A current officeholder is called |
|
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Term
| number of members it has in both houses of congress |
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Definition
| The number of a state’s electoral votes is determined by the |
|
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Term
| work with 527 commitees and 501c(4)s to run a campaign ads and promotesisseus |
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Definition
| What has been a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to aid a candidate while avoiding campaign finance laws? |
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Term
| they spent more than 1 billion in the 2008 campaign |
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Definition
| 527 and 501C(4)s are groups that play a significant role in American politics because |
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Term
|
Definition
| Historically, the United States has always been a ____________-party system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| According to the textbook authors, who benefits from the American system of private funding of campaigns? |
|
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Term
| rests largely with state and local govts |
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Definition
| In the U.S. federal system, the responsibility for organizing elections |
|
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Term
| federalists and jeffersonian republicans |
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Definition
| The first “party system” in the United Stated consisted of |
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Term
| he deplored paritsan politics and political parties |
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Definition
| What was George Washington’s relationship with political parties in early America? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Since the 1930s and the New Deal, African Americans have been overwhelmingly ____________ in their party identification; women are somewhat more likely to support ____________ candidates; and Jews are among the ____________ Party’s most loyal constituent groups. |
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Term
| POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEES |
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Definition
| Which are organizations established by corporations, labor unions, or interest groups to channel the contributions of their members into political campaigns? |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____________ determine which candidates will receive the major parties’ official nominations for all offices but the presidency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following is the best example of direct democracy in practice in the United States today? |
|
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Term
| an intrest group seeks to influence government on a narrow range of issues, whereas a party attempts to win elections |
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Definition
| Which of the following differentiates an interest group from a political party? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What method of policy making has become popular as a means of direct democracy? |
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Term
| the decdline of politcal parties |
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Definition
| The authors of the textbook argue that one of the major factors responsible for the relatively low rates of voter turnout that characterize U.S. national elections is |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is not usually considered a function of political parties? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Who was the founder of the Democratic Party? |
|
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Term
| single member electoral districts |
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Definition
| One important cause of the United States’ two-party system is |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a party selects a single candidate to run for an elective office is defined as a |
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Term
| their causes are ussually eliminated by the ability of the major paries to absorb their programs and to draw their supporters into the mainstream |
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Definition
| Which of the following reasons best explains the short lives of third parties? |
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Term
| he lost in a rare recall effort |
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Definition
| In 2003, Californians voted out Governor Gray Davis. This election was unusual because |
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Term
| the electoral system used to select candidates |
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Definition
| According to the textbook authors, which of the following is not one of the three types of factors that influence voters’ decisions at the polls? |
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Term
|
Definition
| A psychological tie to a political party is the definition of |
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Term
| a a coalitioin of antislavery force |
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Definition
| The Republican Party was formed |
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Term
|
Definition
| If the winner of an election is whoever receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, the candidate has been running under a ________ system. |
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