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a large complex organization characterized by a heirarchical set of offices, each with specific task controlled through chain of command
no enjyed by public: ie dmv neg, mistrustful
federal beuracracy : controlled by cong and pres |
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| independant regulatory agencies |
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| an enitity in executive branch that is outside the immediate control of pres and cong that issued rules and regulations to protect the public |
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| president picks people who supported their party for positions ie: patronage: do favors for others and they return in kind. |
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| government workers employed under merit system not political appointees so protected from being fired from new president |
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| person in agency who tells of bad behavio/scandel abuse of power, corruption |
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| overbreaking beurocratic rules and procedures |
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| hamilton pos view on SC bc more sep of power |
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| madison and jefferson think cong and pres capable of rendering own decision |
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| proved power of judicial review which states that sc has can over rule lower branches of gov and claim unconstitutional |
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appellat- court of appeal, cant use new evidence, do it again(decided by judge)
federal-first time case is herd in court (have juries)
supreme court is appeleat and origianl jurisdiction |
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| judges service time on the job |
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criminal cases cant be tried twice
civil - dont get an attourney, no jail time, most cases decided by judges |
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| precedent should give judicial decision making, happens once appellate decisions are published |
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| reason one person goes to court with another; one is directly affected by issues at hand. |
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8 thousand cases sent in and only about 100 looked at per year
cong decides how many judges sit at SC (9 MEMBERS RIGHT NOW)
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statements put forth by friends of the court
30 minutes each |
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| if you do something before it is illegal you cant be tried after it is considered illegal |
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a timely hearing before the juge, first initial contact with court
violated in : guantanamo bay |
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civil liberties found here!
selective incorporation: used to enforce individual clauses in bill of rights as need arises ie: roe vs wade |
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| government decree that a person is guilty of death penalty without trial |
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| ordinary and strict scruteny |
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ordinary: assumption that the actions of elected bodies and officials are legal under the consitution
strict: assumption that actions by elected bodies or ifficials violate constitutional rights |
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when government prevents publications to aviod puishment afterward
ie: bleeping, gag orders |
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| seperates church and state by prohibiting congress to establish an official religion |
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| dred scott v stanford = blacks not citizens |
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| brown vs board of edu- says plessyv furgeson is unconstitutional, earl warren was judge of this |
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| what government does usually in the form of new laws and regulations or in the interpretation and implemation of existing laws and regulations |
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| when resources transfer from one group to another |
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| 2 consecutive quarters of economic contraction |
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| gov efforts to affect supply of $ and the level of intrest rates in the economy |
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| higher unemployment rates |
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| fed gov spends most money on |
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| social insurance programs |
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| have more wealth= highr taxed |
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| annnual difference between what government spends and how much it takes in |
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| government programs that protect min standerd of living vx loss of income |
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| when individuals contribute to insurance trust fund they contribute to |
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largest nat trust fund
pay once you are emplyed and all throughout until reitred |
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| how to make social security more longterm |
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- raise payroll taxrate (take more $ out of paycheck)
- raise seal on tav=xable income
-cut back on benefit level
- raise retirment age
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| collection of gov policies affect how much $ avaiable |
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| has to do with laws on taxing or spending |
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| incorporation and selective incorporation |
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incorporation- the process by which the SC has made most of the provision of the BOR binding on the states
selective incorporation- the gradual and piecemeal incorporation of the protections of the BOR by u.s SC |
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| protects overuse of gov power |
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| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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severeve and persistant drop in economic activity
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| lower income takex higher then those above them |
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A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for help from the government.
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SCHIP
state child health insurance program |
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| programs that pays for health care services for children in households with income up to 200 percent of the poverty line who are not covered by medicaid |
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