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| Specific preference on an issue (i.e., opinion) |
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| Basic principles that shape a person’s opinions about political issues and events |
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Complex set of beliefs that provide a cohesive philosophy of
government |
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-In-person
-Telephone
-Mail
-Internet |
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| In-person is the most effective |
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| Method for selecting a random samplefrom a larger population, where each individual has a known probability of being selected |
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Potential variation due to measuring a sample rather than the
entire population |
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| Sample size, Selection bias, Response bias, Measurement error |
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| Smaller samples = greater error |
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-Probability of selection is unequal and unknown
-Not a representative sample of the population
-(American Idol voting: phone vs. text) |
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| People that do not reveal true attitudes |
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| “top-of-the-head approach” to attitudes |
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| Suggests most people do not hold fixed attitudes (Persuadable) |
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| Greater knowledge ---> more stable attitudes |
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| The process by which people acquire their political opinions, beliefs, and values |
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| Agents of political socialization |
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Definition
-Family
-Social groups
-Education
-Political Events |
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| Turnout = Actually Voted / Eligible to Vote |
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-Voter turnout in presidential elections ~ 55%
-Voter turnout in midterm elections ~ 35% |
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Definition
-too busy
-illness
-not interested
-didn't like candidates
-weather
-etc. |
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| Other forms of participation |
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Definition
-Lobbying
-Public Relations
-Litigation
-Protest |
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prospective=> forward looking voting (Peasants)
retrospective=> looks at the past voting (Bankers) |
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| Rational choice theory of voting |
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| Origins of GOP elephant and Democratic donkey |
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Definition
-Nominate presidential candidates (every 4 years)
-Draft campaign platform
-Rules and regulations
-Regulate access to office
-Promote platforms
-Provide money and resources
-Provide information
-Party label as “heuristic”
-Mobilize broad-based support |
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Definition
| relating to general strategies or methods for solving problems |
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Definition
-Nominate presidential candidates (every 4 years)
-Draft campaign platform
-Rules and regulations |
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| National Committee (DNC & RNC) |
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Definition
-Rather weak (meet infrequently)
-Set organizational policy |
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| Congressional Campaign Committees |
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| Raise money and resources for candidates |
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-Central committee in each state (meet infrequently)
-Fundraising & voter registration drives |
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| Local Party Organizations |
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-95% of party activists work at local level
-Fundraising & voter registration drives
-Political “machines” of 19th% early 20thcentury |
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| Two-Party System vs Multiparty System |
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Definition
“Winner-take-all” system vs Proportional representation
(Third parties don't have a broad enough platform) |
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| Point in history when new party supplants the ruling party |
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-Labor interests
-Urban voters
-Minorities
-Women (“gender gap”) |
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-Business interests
-Rural voters
-Christian Right
-Men |
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| An individual’s psychological ties to one party |
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| Directly to the candidates vs To the party |
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| Political Action Committee (PACs) |
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| $5,000 to individual candidates |
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-Tax-exempt political group
-May receive & spend unlimited amounts of money
-But cannot coordinate w/ candidates |
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-4 major broadcast networks
-500 TV stations affiliated w/ 4 major broadcast networks |
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| News ownership: Newspaper |
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-Only 3 national newspapers
-Wall Street Journal, Christian Science Monitor, and USA Today
-New York Times & Washington Post semi-national |
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-One of few industries regulated by the federal government
-FCC
-“Equal time” rule for candidates
-“Right of rebuttal” for those attacke |
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| Sources of media power: agenda-setting |
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| Sources of media power: Framing |
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| Sources of media power: Priming |
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| How to evaluate/judge politicians on the issues |
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