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Polsci 206 Test1 Court Cases
Court Cases for Test 1
16
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
02/18/2009

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Term
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Definition
Formed the basis for judicial review (declaring laws and regulation unconstitutional)
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Definition
Constitution grants Congress implied powers, State may not impeded valid constitutional exercises of power by Federal gov.
Term
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Definition
Power to regulate interstate commerce is given to Congress
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson (1898)
Definition
Decision upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations, under doctrine of “Separate but Equal”
Term
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Definition
Segregation of public schools violation of 14th amendment. Paved the way for the civil rights movement.
Term
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Definition
States may punish freedom of speech if it has a tendency to result in action dangerous to public security. Defendant can be punished even if her speech created no danger at all.
Term
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
Definition
Stated Bill of Rights did not apply to state law.
Term
Schenk v. United States (1919)
Definition
Clear and present danger, words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.
Term
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Definition
Evidence used in violation of the 4th amendment (protects against search and seizure) may not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts.
Term
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Definition
Holds that inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to interrogation by a defendant in police custody will be admissible at trial only if the prosecution can show that the defendant was informed of the right to consult an attorney. (Miranda rights were read)
Term
Dennis v. United States (1961)
Definition
Overthrew first amendment saying that advocacy of ideas of the communist party created a clear and present danger that threatened our government. Communist party.
Term
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Definition
Held that courts must appoint attorneys to people who could not afford them.
Term
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Definition
The government cannot censor or otherwise prohibit a publication in advance, even though the communication may be punishable after publication in a criminal or other proceeding.
Term
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Definition
Held that the death penalty was constitutional, and a legal and opportunity to secure counsel in their defense.
Term
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Definition
Held that defendants were not given reasonable time Upheld Due process clause of 14th Ammndmnt.
Term
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Definition
Created/Upheld right to marital privacy.
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