Term
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Definition
| entity we want to describe |
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Term
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Definition
| chaotic distortion of an empirical measurement |
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Term
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Definition
within the conditions artificially created by the researcher, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is isolated from other plausible explanations
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Term
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Definition
| distribution used to describe internal-level variables |
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Term
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Definition
| treats the cases in the median category as uniformly distributed across the interval and adjusts the median in the direction of the 50th percentile |
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Term
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Definition
| variation of spread of cases across its values |
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Term
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Definition
| universe of cases the researcher wants to describe |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a statistical property of a large family of distributions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a difference obtained from a simple comparison |
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Term
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Definition
| an error int he interruption of data whereby inferences about the nature of specific individuals are based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which those individuals belong |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that represents phoenomena in the real world |
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Term
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Definition
| results of a study can be applied to situations in the real world |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies the most representative value of the distribution (mode, median, mean) |
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Term
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Definition
| removes the most extreme observations before comupting the mean |
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Term
| Coefficient of Association |
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Definition
| reflects the strength and direction of association between two variables |
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Term
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Definition
| each subject has an equal chance of being picked for the test of control group |
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Term
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Definition
| researcher uses the standard error to determine the smallest plausible mean difference in the population. If the smallest difference is greater than 0, the null hypothesis can be rejected |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the subjects in the test group are different from subjects in the control group |
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Term
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Definition
| summarizes a relationship between two variables after taking rival variables into account |
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Term
| Systematic Measuement Error |
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Definition
| consistent, chronic distortion of an empirical measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| dependent variable represents the effect in an explanation and an independent variable represents the cause of the explanation |
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Term
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Definition
| other plausible causes for different values of the dependent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| deals with a grouped frequency distribution. Adjusts crude mode by considering the frequencies of the intervals adjacent to the model interval |
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Term
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Definition
| reports the percentage of cases in a distribution that lie below it |
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Term
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Definition
| a number of cases or observations drawn from a population |
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Term
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Definition
when every member of a potential sample population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
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Term
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Definition
| amount of random sampling error in a surveys result |
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Term
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Definition
| variable that is held constant or whose impact is removed in order to analyze the relationshop between other variables without interference |
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Term
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Definition
| the upper plausible boundary of random error |
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Term
| Four Stages of the Measurement Process |
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Definition
a. Concept
b. Conceptual Definition
C. Operational Definition
D. Variable |
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Term
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Definition
| describe's a concept's properties |
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Term
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Definition
| describes how the concept is to be measured empirically |
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Term
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Definition
Nominal: no regard to rank or distance
Ordinal: rank but no regard to distance
Interval: rank and distance matter |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which it is a consistent measure of a concept |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which true vlue of characteristic is recorded |
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Term
| Approaches to evaluate reliability |
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Definition
test-retest method: apply measure at 2 different points in time to same group of subjects
split half method: divide test in half for gorup to assess |
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Term
| Approaches to evaluate validity |
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Definition
Face validity: closely examine operational procedure and relies on informed judgment
Constuct Validity: assess the association between the measure of concept and another related concept |
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Term
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Definition
1. Variable
2. Explanation
3. State Hypothesis
4. Test Hypothesis |
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Term
| 3 types of research design |
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Definition
lab experiment
field experiment
natural experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the percentage of all cases that do not fall into the modal category |
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