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| Rights listed in the Constitution |
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| writ of habeas corpus and Ex Post Facto |
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| Constitutional protections of all persons against governmental restriction on the freedoms of conscience, religion, and expression. Amendments: 1, 5, 14 |
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| 14th Amendment - no person shall be deprived by a state of life, liberty or property without due process. Limits states as Bill of Rights limits the Fed government |
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| Selective Incorporation p377 |
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| Process by which provisions of the Bil of Rights are brought within the scope of the 14th Amendment and so applied to state and local governments. |
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1st Amendment -
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. The Supreme Court has interpreted this to forbid direct governmental support to any or all religions. |
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| The right to hold or not hold religious belief. Occurs solely within a person. |
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1st Amendment-
freedom of speech unless it presents a clear and present danger that it will lead to evil or illegal acts. |
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Censorship imposed before a speech is made or a newspaper is published;
usually presumed to be unconstitutional. |
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| Written defamation. For public officials and public figures, the constitutional tests designed to restrict libel actions are especially rigid. |
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| Words that by their very nature inflict injury on those to whom they are addressed or incite them to acts of violence. |
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| The quality or state of a work that, taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex by depicting sexual conduct in a patently offensive way and that lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. |
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| Freedom of Information Act |
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| Right to access information from the federal government |
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| The rights of an individual to own, use, rent, invest in , buy, and sell property. |
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| 4th Amendment, Standard by which officer can get a search warrant, arrest, etc... |
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Right to be secure in their:
persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. |
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| A requirement that evidence unconstitutionally or illegally obtained be excluded from a criminal trial. |
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Miranda rights.
Right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning |
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Don't have to testify against yourself.
I plead the 5th |
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| Rights to dignity and work; human rights |
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| A legal action conferring citizenship on an alien. |
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• 13th (prohibited slaves),
• 14th (defines citizenship),
• 15th (Right to vote) |
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| Integration of Armed Forces |
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| Blacks could be in military, but not officers over whites. |
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| Brown vs Board of Education Topeka |
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| Inegrate the schools as soon as practicable |
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boycott city buses.
Set wheels in motion for civil rights |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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| Individuals can not intrude in the voting rights of Blacks. Johnson carried for Kennedy |
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| 1920 Suffrage Women get the right to vote |
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| Chinese were discriminated against by law, but then limited when we need them. No pathway to citizenship |
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| A test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest. |
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| Literacy Tests/Poll Taxes |
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24th Amendment
A literacy requirement some states imposed as a condition of voting, generally used to disqualify black voters in the South; now illegal. |
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| State laws formerly pervasive throughout the South requiring public facilities and accommodations to be segregated by race; ruled unconstitutional. |
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| Separate but equal accomodations |
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| University of California vs Bakke |
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| 1978 Affirmative Actions Blake won because of quotas |
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| Action government takes to address a problem. |
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1st Amendment
Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion. |
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| Provides to one group of society while taking away benefits from another |
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| Programs such as unemployment insurance, disaster relief, or disability payments that provide benefits to all eligible citizens. |
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| Protect citizens against economic and social problems |
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| for peeps who lost jobs not due to own choice or poor performance |
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| Entitlement programs, paid by employer and employee taxes, that include retirement, health insurance, support for disabled workers and children of decesaed or disabled workers. |
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| Gross National Product (GNP) |
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| The value of all good and services produced by an economy during a specific period of time such as a year. |
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| The desire to avoid international engagement altogether. |
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| A formal, public agreement between the United States and one or more nations that must be approved by 2/3 of Senate. |
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