Term
| president johnson (LBJ) lost support from who? |
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Definition
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Term
| history of the print media (in order) |
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Definition
1- First Newspaper (1704)
2- newspapers abandon impartiality and work to build resistance to British
policies
3-1833, advent of the penny press
4-1848, creation of the Associated Press
5-yellow journalism
6-Centralization of ownership |
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Definition
| Established the airwaves as a public good, subject to governmental oversight |
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The Federal Communications Commission
created in 1934 |
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| why leak info to the press? |
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Definition
FREE MEDIA
-A “trial balloon”
-Sway public opinion
-Personalize stories
-To get information from those who are publicity shy |
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Term
| which of the three branches gets the least coverage? |
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Definition
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| how groups use media in campaigns |
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Definition
-Determining “front-running candidates”
-Charging for advertising
-Televising debates
-Portraying charismatic politicians as more “electable” |
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1-public figures
2-private individuals |
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| The media should show what they think the public wants, with no worry about consequences |
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Term
Social Responsibility View
(MEDIA) |
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Definition
| The media needs to balance what the public wants with what’s good for it |
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| 3 societal effects of media |
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Definition
1- surveillance
2- interpretation
3- socialization |
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Definition
1- set context
2- frame issue
3- interpret facts
4- potentially provide legitmacy |
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| The media’s ability to determine which issues will be covered, in what detail, and in what context--and conversely, to decide which stories are “not news” and thus will not be covered |
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Term
| 3 forms communication from White House |
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Definition
1- press releases
2-news briefings
3- news conferences |
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Definition
1- newsmaking
2- agenda setting
3- interpreting
4- socializing |
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Definition
| Deciding what is “news” and who is “newsworthy” is the most important source of media power. |
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| Deciding what will be decided: defining the problems and issues to be addressed by decision makers |
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| The power to set the context, to frame the issue, to interpret the facts, and potentially to provide legitimacy for people, issues, or groups are powerful and controversial functions of the media |
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| The media is an agent of socialization, teaching us political facts and opinions that help form our political belief structures and our political culture |
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| 5 factors that limit media influence on public opinion |
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Definition
1- political socialization
2- recall and comprehension
3- audience fragmentation
4-needs
5- selectivity |
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Term
| Frenchman studied associations in US 1830s |
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Definition
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Definition
advocated passive resistance
Frederick Douglass
followeres of william lloyd garrsion |
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Definition
| advocated violent resistance |
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Definition
| The belief in political, social, and economic equality of men and women |
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Term
| Declaration of Sentiments |
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Definition
1st feminist movement
1848 |
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Definition
National Women's Party
organized first parade |
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Definition
attack saloons wit hatchett
womens temperance |
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Term
| 3 sections of ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) |
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Definition
Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification. |
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Definition
| Punishment for anyone found guilty of “transmitting, communicating, or delivering information regarding defense of the nation” |
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Definition
| Drastic punishment for anyone who should “utter, print, write, or publish and distribute, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” directed against the United States government |
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Definition
| Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations |
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Definition
| argues that the level of social capital has steadily declined in the United States since WWII |
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| Direct election to the United States Senate |
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| Term Commencement for Congress (January 3) and president (January 20) |
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Definition
| Limits the president to two terms |
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Definition
| Representation of Washington, DC in Electoral College |
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Definition
| Suffrage and prohibition of poll taxes |
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| Presidential disabilities |
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| Variance of congressional compensation |
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| none won majority popular vote |
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Definition
| traditionally, the right of citizens to veto legislation |
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Term
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| a process whereby advocates of an issue collect signatures to have an initiative put on the ballot for election day |
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Definition
| citizens can vote an officeholder out of office before the next regularly scheduled election |
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Term
| 4 reasons money became critical in elections '60s |
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Definition
1-Decline of party organizations
2-More voters up for grabs
3-Television
4-Campaign consultants |
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Term
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Definition
| First modern campaign consultant |
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Term
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Definition
| Linked the Dean campaign to the Internet, particularly Meetup.org |
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Term
| 3 legislative activities geared towards reelection |
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Definition
1- credit claiming
2- position taking
3- advertising |
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Term
| individualistic particiipation |
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Definition
| Occurs when the citizen engages in activity aimed at changing the outcome of government action without interacting with other like-minded citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the citizen takes action in collaboration with other like-minded citizens |
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| Parties are organizations that sponsor candidates for political office under the organization’s name in hope of controlling the apparatus of government |
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Definition
| Parties are organizations that run candidates to shape the outcomes of government |
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Term
| Tripartite View of political parties |
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Definition
party in gov't--> party in the electorate
^-party organization-----^ |
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Term
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Definition
| takes place when a large number of voters do not return to their party in the next election |
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Definition
| movement away from party politics altogether |
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Definition
| Every citizen who attaches him or herself to that political party |
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Definition
| The formal apparatus of the party, including party headquarters, offices, and leaders |
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Term
| federalist view of political party |
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Definition
| Hamilton believed that the future of the nation lay in the cities and a strong manufacturing sector. He felt that a strong central government was the key to future growth. |
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Term
| jeffersonian view of political parties |
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Definition
| Jefferson believed that America’s hope lay in small, agriculturally-based communities. He distrusted a strong national government. |
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Term
| 4 phases of political parties |
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Definition
1- The Arrival of Parties in America (1790s to 1828)
2-The Heyday of Parties (1828-1900)
3-Party Decline (1900 to the 1970s)
4- Organizational Resurgence (1970s to present) |
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Definition
Only registered members of the party are allowed to vote in the primary
OHIO |
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Definition
| Voters are allowed to participate in the primary election without declaring membership in a party |
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Term
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Definition
1- idealogical
2- protest
3- splinter
4- single issue |
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Definition
| Third party that exists to promote an ideology rather than to win elections |
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Definition
| Third party that arises in response to issues of popular concern which have not been addressed by the major parties |
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Definition
| Third party formed around one particular cause |
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Definition
| Third party formed by a dissatisfied faction of a major party |
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Term
barriers to third party success
ATTITUDINAL |
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Definition
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Term
barriers to third party sucesss
INSTITUTIONAL |
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Definition
ballot acess laws
electoral college (winner takes all)
single member district |
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Term
| why does two party persist |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Set the cake in the middle of the room, put everyone an equal distance from it, and let everyone try to take as much as they want |
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Term
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Definition
| Count the number of people who want the cake and divide the whole cake by that number |
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Term
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Definition
| A leading scientist in the 1950s and 1960s and author of Silent Spring |
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Term
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Definition
Basic functions of government:
-Distribution
Regulation
-Redistribution
Nature of their benefits
-Tangible benefits
-Symbolic benefits |
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Definition
| Our system of open government allows those without resources to have their voices heard |
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Definition
| Only those with power and money get access to the decision-makers |
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Term
| Senator Richard Brevard Russell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| problems, solutions, actors, and other parts of policy-making universe jumble together. No clear linear order of steps dictates what happens first or next |
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Term
| policy windows and streams model |
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Definition
| problems, solutions, and political factors are three separate streams that flow at the same time but often do not merge with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| Argue for expanded subsidized day care, increases in the minimum wage, spending more on medical care for the poor, and making food stamps more available |
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Term
| conservative view on welfare |
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Definition
| Propose toughening the work requirements for cash welfare assistance and closing welfare loopholes that allow states to continue benefits to persons whose time limit has expired |
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