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Definition
| a group organized around a set of views or preferences and who seek to influence others in order to promote or protect those preferences. |
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| 2 general goals of political interest groups |
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Definition
1. seeking new positive benefits to promote the groups interest
2. defending current benefits to protect the groups interest |
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| why do people form and join interest groups? |
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| because it is the rational thing to do. |
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| making choices that maximize benefits and minimize cost. |
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| benefits of joining interest groups |
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Definition
1. material benefits : tangible rewards gained from membership in an interest groups.
2. solidarity benefits: satisfaction gained from membership in interest groups such as friendship or a sense of belonging to a group or meeting people with similar interest.
3. purposive benefits:benefits derived from feeling good about contributing to a worthy cause in an effort to improve the lot of society in general not just the individual concerns of the groups members.
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| a benefit that is provided to everyone and cannot be withheld from those who did not participate in its provisions. |
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| a person who makes the rational choice to enjoy the benefits from public goods without incurring the cost of providing them. presenting the dilemma to the community as a whole |
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| action in which a group of people work together for the supply of public goods. |
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| benefits provided by interest groups that are available to members only. |
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| pluralist explanation (of interest groups) |
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Definition
| the idea that interest groups form in reaction to problems created by particular social and economic events. |
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| theory that most people will not engage in collective action with the sole aim of producing public goods. Instead groups build membership by offering selective benefits available to members only . |
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theory that interest groups form as a result of a deal -an exchange- between a group entrepreneur and an unorganized interest that may be unrepresented or not presented at all.
(emphasizes leadership) |
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Definition
| applies biological concepts to interest groups and explains the explosive growth of interest groups. |
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| Some one who will invest resources to create/ build an organization that offers various types of benefits to entice others to join a group. |
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| groups that take positions and are active on one specific issue |
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| tools interest groups use to influence the political process. |
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Definition
1. membership
2. money
3. leadership
4. expertise |
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| activity of a group or person that attempts to influence public policymaking on behalf of the individual or the group |
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| individuals whose job it is to contact and attempt to influence governmental officials on behalf of others. |
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Definition
direct contact by lobbyist with government officials in an effort to influence policy. |
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the use of intermediaries by lobbyist to speak to governmental officials with the intent to influence policy.
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the exchange of support on issues between individuals or groups in order to gain mutual advantage.
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| a lawsuit filed to test the constitutionality of some government policy. |
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| a legal brief filed by someone or some organization who holds an interest in a case but is not an actual party. |
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| political action committees (PACs) |
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Definition
| organizations specifically created to raise money and make political contributions on behalf of an interest group. |
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Definition
tax- except organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to influence elections. |
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tax- except organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote "social welfare".
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Term
| federal election campaign act (FECA) |
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Definition
a 1971 act that allowed unions and corporations to form political action committees to raise and contribute campaign funds to candidates.
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Term
| citizens united vs. federal election commission |
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Definition
| a 2010 supreme court case holding that a provision of the McCain-Feingold Act prohibiting corporations and unions from broadcasting "electioneering communications" within 60 days of a general election is an unconstitutional limitation of the 1st amendment. |
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Definition
| groups with the same characteristics but different interests |
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| What are the 3 characteristics of interests groups? |
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Definition
-must share characteristics
-must have the same interests
-must want to enact change in policy |
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| Do interest groups HAVE to do with government? |
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Definition
| nope. They can make demands on people who do not have to do with the government |
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