Term
| Money in politics general policy making pattern: |
|
Definition
| scandal --> reform --> creativity --> new scandals |
|
|
Term
| Campaign regulations are governed by the __________, unless it is a campaign in the federal government where is is governed by _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Money scandals associated with the _____________ led to a need in the presidential campaign funding process. |
|
Definition
| 1972 presidential campaign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Candidates are in a position where they have to indicate how much funding they receive and from whom they received it |
|
|
Term
| Individual federal limits for monetary contributions |
|
Definition
| up to $2000 per candidate per election |
|
|
Term
| PAC monetary contribution limit |
|
Definition
| $5000 per candidate per election |
|
|
Term
| Independent spending limit for money not controlled by a candidate or political party |
|
Definition
| virtually no limits or closure commitments |
|
|
Term
| Georgia's Disclosure Policy |
|
Definition
| Candidate running for state or local election must document donations of over $100 |
|
|
Term
| Georgia's Monetary Contribution Limits |
|
Definition
| Individuals can give $5000 for primary and $5000 for general election in Georgia & $3000 per runoff |
|
|
Term
| Incumbents are [more/less] likely to receive funding |
|
Definition
| more likely because they are already in Congress and have formed strong political party ties |
|
|
Term
| The more an incumbent spends the [better/worse] he is likely to do. |
|
Definition
| worse; incumbent campaign spending tends to reflect the need to improve present image |
|
|
Term
| Donating money helps secure _________ to a political figure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Donating money seems to have little effect on ____________. |
|
Definition
| highly visible and moral issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Representatives and senators will often lobby for their constituents' budgets due to the amount of money they received from them. |
|
|
Term
| A candidate must be at least ___ to be a member of the House of Representatives. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A candidate for the House must also have been a citizen for at least ___ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| House members have a ___ year term. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To be a member of the Senate you must be at least ____ years old. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To serve in the Senate you must have been a citizen for at least ___ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Senators have a ____ year term. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the Speaker selected in the House of Rep.? |
|
Definition
| Members choose one of their own. |
|
|
Term
| The __________________ is the presiding officer of the Senate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The constitution limits the size of Congress to 435. |
|
Definition
| False: the House of Representatives is set at 435 members based on population, but this is not specified in the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
| Every state gets at least ____ member of the house and ____ senator/s, and the rest of the members of the house are determined by a ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of representatives and senators are matched to the number of ____________ each state receives. |
|
Definition
| Electoral College delegates |
|
|
Term
| Revenue bills (taxes) are supposed to begin in ___________. |
|
Definition
| The House of Representatives |
|
|
Term
| If no one wins the majority in the Electoral College, the ___________ has the responsibility to decide who the President will be. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The __________ has to approve presidential nominations for things like judgeships. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____________ needs a 2/3 vote to ratify treaties with other countries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____________ needs a majority vote to charge/impeach the president, but to convict and remove from office requires 2/3 from the _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laws considered after the fact; cannot criminalize something, and apply it retroactively |
|
|
Term
| Congress cannot pass a bill of _____________. |
|
Definition
| bill of attainder: Congress passing something that would have a plea of guilt |
|
|
Term
| In the beginning, there were very close ties between the executive branch and the ______________ branch. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the early 1800's presidents would tend to pick cabinet member out of ____________. Grooming them for the presidency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Up until ______; there were no primaries or caucuses etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Turnover designed to be ______, but by the early 1900s turnover closer to ______ because incumbents tend to be re-elected now. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Demographic changes in congress since the early 90s: |
|
Definition
women --> nearly tripled in the house, presently 74 women; 17 in the senate up from 2
hispanics--> 23 up from 10 in the house; 3 in senate up from 0
Median age in the house--> 56
median age in the senate -->60 |
|
|
Term
| A majority of a congressman's day is spent with __________________ etc. rather than on the actual floor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congressman annual salary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each house rep. receives _____ staff members generally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Senate staffs are determined by the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free mail back to your constituents |
|
|
Term
| Types of Committees and Sub-committees: |
|
Definition
1. Standing
2. Select (ad-hoc) temporary
3. Joint Committee
4. Conference Committee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- remain from one congress to the next
- do 2 basic things:
> authorization bills - voting to create
programs/eliminate agencies etc.
> appropriation - deal with the budget (spending bills)
- majority party has majority members on appropriations committee and chair is from majority party
- finance -senate committee
- ways & means - house comittee |
|
|
Term
| Select (ad hoc) temporary |
|
Definition
| committee disbands when the work is done (ex: committee dealing with watergate scandal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some have representatives and senators; for ex: joint economic committee- head of federal reserve generally shows up, public hearings and studies etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-also temporary
-group that is appointed to iron out differences in bills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How Congress normally gathers information as they are looking at legislation, either current of future legislation. Sometimes they use committees for things such as grandstanding, looking good in the media and for re-election. They also may try to send a message to a witness, like a member of a government agency for example. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of amending a bill in the committee; literally marking up the bill page by page before the bill goes to the floor to be voted on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to "whip" fellow party members in line; a series of whips organized along regional lines that tell members what leadership want them to do on a certain bill. Also, keep leadership abreast of what members are thinking |
|
|
Term
| Roughly __________ people included in staff members, and ____________-______________ Individual staff |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How a bill becomes a law: |
|
Definition
| Bill introduced -> referred to a committee -> referred to a subcommittee -> (bills generally die during this process) -> hearing committees and markup -> (in the house must go through the Rules comittee) -> Senate requires 60 votes -> once a bill makes it through the floor it goes to a conference committee -> back to house or senate -> then to the white house where the president has 10 days to sign or veto before it becomes a law |
|
|
Term
| The Rules Committee determines: |
|
Definition
In the House the Rules committee determines the time for the debate and recommended procedure regarding the bill
Two types of rules:
-open: open to any and all amendments
-closed: closed and does not involve any amendments |
|
|
Term
| Senate requires 60 votes because of the possibility of a ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vote to end a filibuster |
|
Definition
| cloture; requires 60 votes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President refuses to sign or veto |
|
|
Term
| Normal unofficial standards of behavior in congress that are on the decline: |
|
Definition
| seniority, institutional loyalty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mouthpiece for constituents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constituency elected you to use best judgement, meaning that a certain bill may be best for the nation, but not for your particular district or state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest group of supporters; inside group you always turn to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Next largest group of constituents meaning groups of people you could vote on in a primary election. Voting support back home that will come to bat for you if someone challenges you for party nomination. |
|
|
Term
| Reelection constituencies |
|
Definition
| people who will vote for you in the final election. Will always vote for you when you are the final candidate running against the other party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everyone living in your district of state. Some may even be opponents, but legally the people you are representing. |
|
|
Term
| Methods of representation: |
|
Definition
information
case-work
committee assignments
pork
oversight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| getting stuff for the constituents back home; earmarking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congress's investigative arm; members of congress contact agencies or request to investigate things in the government accountability office |
|
|
Term
| A presidential candidate must: |
|
Definition
be at least 35
natural born and 14 years residency |
|
|
Term
| Grants of Power for President |
|
Definition
includes being Commander in Chief
Appointment & removal of judges, member of cabinet etc.
ability to grant pardons and reprieves
diplomacy with recognizing other countries,negotiating treaties, etc.
executive privilege- associated with things such as the Watergate Scandal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obligated to see that the laws are "faithfully executed"
President delivering the State of the Union address became a standard duty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. Head of sate v. head of government
B. Importance of personality
C. Impact of the office on the occupant
D. Media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to side with the president to get ahead professionally and gain favor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
$400,000
Housing, expenses, aircraft, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some sort of symbol to enhance your status to convey multiple messages. Ex: Kennedy conveyed messages to allis, people back home etc. |
|
|
Term
| How does the president measure success? |
|
Definition
1. popularity 2. Congressional Agenda 3. Coattails - extent to which a president's popularity is associated with the popularity of his particular party 4. International Achievements 5. Economy 6. Legacy |
|
|
Term
| Factors associated with presidential success |
|
Definition
- Formal powers (budget, veto, etc.) - Political party control (divided government) - popularity - timing/events -skills |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of Bureaucracy |
|
Definition
1. rules 2. generally, and invention of the 1800s 3. Chain of command 4. Neutral/impartial |
|
|
Term
| Federal Bureaucracy comprised of: |
|
Definition
- departments - 15 cabinet members - independent agencies - ex: Env. Prot. Agency -Independent Boards & Commissions- mulitimember boards following guidelines from congress Government Corporations -such as Tenn. Valley Authority |
|
|
Term
| Federal Bureaucracy Functions |
|
Definition
1. Rule-making 2. Implementation - ind. dep. and groups have to further execute the decisions made by Congress. 3. Adjudicating |
|
|
Term
| Government provided services |
|
Definition
traditional -"voice" private sector- congress contracts out private groups gov. vending- not made available to all; charge for use franchise- ex: gas, electricity subsidy (grants-in-aid) voucher |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the Legal System |
|
Definition
Resolving disputes allocating resources protect rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
civil = private dispute criminal = one party is the government and the defendant could receive jail time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - handle the case based on fact - apply the law to individual cases - every state has at least one - in the sate system called a superior court and in the federal system it is called a district court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally have multiple judges and looka t how a law was applied to individual cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grand Jury - responsible for seeing if there is enough evidence for a trial; required in all federal indictments Petit (trial) Jury - Body that a trial makes a determination of fact so that in a criminal case, they decide whether or not the defendant is guilty of a crime. Preponderance of the evidence, the weight of the evidence to one way or the other |
|
|
Term
| Limited Original Jurisdiction means that: |
|
Definition
| Very few kinds of cases orginiate in the supreme court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most cases that end up in the supreme court are cases of appeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Rule of 4 - if 4 judges decide that the case is important, then it is tried * Writ of Certiorari - a cour order for a case to be brought forward. There has to be a federal question for a writ of cert to be delivered |
|
|
Term
| Court months of operation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. briefs 2. prehearing conference 3. oral argument - 30 minutes 4. conference - private preliminary vote 5. opinions - the majority opinion is written by either the chief justice of most senior justice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (friend of the court) Third-parties not directly involved in the case, but it is a way for them to lobby if the issue is important to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Argues the case if the government is invloved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protection against unreasonable search and seizures, without a warrant issued upon probable cause; warrant describes exactly where and what is to be seized |
|
|
Term
| Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement |
|
Definition
1. Consent 2. Incident to Arrest 3. Plain View 4. Possible Destruction 5. Vehicle searches 6. Emergencies and Inspections 7. Stop and Frisk (requires reasonable suspicion) 8. Border 9. "good faith" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No state shall deny you equal protection or due process of law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 14th amendment expands implementation of right under the equal protection clause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no person shall be held to answer for a crime without indictment from a Grand Jury No double jeopardy cannot be compelled to witness against yourself cannot be deprived of life liberty or property w/o due process of law private property taken for public use will receive just compensation |
|
|
Term
| Limitations on cross examination |
|
Definition
1. cannot be forced to testity against yourself 2. rape shield laws 3. protecting children 4. immunity- deal cut with prosecuter for more evidence |
|
|
Term
| Police Warning Established by: |
|
Definition
| Miranda vs. Arizona (1966) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-right to speedy and public trial - right to impartial jury -right to be informed of the nature and cause of accusation -right to counsel |
|
|
Term
| Courtcase that extended the right to counsel to indigent defendants in felonies |
|
Definition
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines, imposed, not cruel and unusual punishment
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| required a degree of consistency for adminstering the death penalty and declared rape to not be a capital crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reinstituted the legitimacy of the death sentence where objective sentencing schemes are in place |
|
|
Term
| Changes in handling the death penalty |
|
Definition
separate decision from verdict in the case only a jury can impose death sentence jury must address specific questions before imposing death sentence cannot be administered to the retarded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. arrest and booking -(probable cause-4th amendment; right against self-incrimination 5th amendment; right to counsel - 6th amendment) 2. Initial Appearance - with magistrate at the jail; dertermines if officer has probably cause, bail is set, and a date for a preliminary hearing 3.preliminary hearing/grand jury -> indictment; testimony during preliminary hearing can only be mentioned durying the trial upon a descrepency 4. arraignment 5. Pretrial motions and discovery -change of venue? - gag orders? - exclusion of certain evidence defense is trying to stall 6. Trial 7. Sentencing 8. Actions following conviction -appeal -clemency -pardon -habeas corpus- wanting the person the be freed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Voir dire (jury selection) -challenges for cause - preemproty challenges for jury pool in GA goes from 42 down to 12 with 2 alternates 2. Opening Statements 3. Prosecution Case -chance to present evidence 4. Defense Case 5. Rebuttal -bring witnessed back for more ?s 6. Closing Arguments -summarize the evidence but skew it towards your side of the case prosecution usually goes first 7. Judge's charge to jury |
|
|
