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| equal representation of states |
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| 2/state: Little states win |
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| not directly elected by the president |
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| representation based on population |
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| directly elected by voters |
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| Representation, Law-making, Oversight, Advise and consent |
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| Major functions of Congress |
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| More likely to be reelected |
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| Getting elected is harder than staying in office |
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| use of personal staff by members of Congress to perform services for constitueents in order to gain support in future elections |
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| the people residing within the geographical area represented by an elected official |
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| the process by which the party in power draws election district boundaries in a way that enhances the reelection prospects of its candidates |
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| disruptive issues(war), personal misconduct(sex scandal), variation in turnout(midterm election) |
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| the reallocation of House seats among states after each census as result of population changes |
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| process of altering election districts to make them as nearly equal in population as possible |
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| PAC (political action committees) |
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| fundraising arm of interest groups, reluctant to oppose incumbent unless candidate appears beatable |
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| party leaders are chosen by... |
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| permanent congressional committees with responsibility for a particular area of public policy |
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| the policy area in which a particular congressional committee is authorized to act |
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| just popped up and is only temporary |
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| iron out differences and come up with new bill |
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| Who defines the rules for debate in Law-Making? |
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| Who comes up with a compromised version of a bill to be sent to the president? |
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| the authority to make the laws necessary to carry out the government's power |
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| GAO(Government Accountability Office) |
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| largest congressional agency whose primary responsibility is to oversee executive agencies' spending of money |
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| CBO(Congressional Budget Office) |
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| provides congress with general economic projections, overall estimates of government expenditures and revenues, and specific estimates of costs of proposed programs |
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| CRS(Congressional Research Service) |
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| oldest congressional agency that conducts research and responds to information requests from congressional committees and members |
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| trading of votes between legislators so that each gets what he or she most wants |
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| a supervisory activity of Congress that centers on its constitutional responsibility to see that the executive branch carries out the laws faithfully |
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| Majority leader in Senate |
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| determines people on committees/move people around |
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| Speaker of the House Powers |
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| Call house into session, send bills/laws to committees, recognition to speak, put a "time limit" on a bill, assigns chairs to committees |
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| second in line for presidency (after V.P.) |
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| determines success and liklihood of incumbency |
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| elected reps whose obligation is to act in accordance with the expressed wishes of the people they represent |
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| elected reps whose obligation is to act in accordance with own consciences |
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| votes with the majority in the decision on a case but who disagrees with their reasoning |
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| opinion of a justice in a Supreme Court case that explains his or her reasons for disagreeing with the majority's decision |
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| court opinion that results when a majority of justices agree on a decision in a case but don't agree on the legal basis for the decision. |
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| a Supreme Court opinion that results when a majority of the justices is in agreement on the legal basis of the decision |
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