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Politics of Latin America
Final Test
93
Political Studies
Undergraduate 3
12/16/2008

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Cards

Term
Three
Definition
The colonial era in most of Latin America lasted approximately how many centuries?
Term
de la Casas
Definition
Which of the following was NOT one of the Spanish conquistadores in the Americas?
Term
Viceroy
Definition
The highest ranking colonial official was the Spanish ___ appointed by the crown?
Term
criolles
Definition
In Spanish America, government offices were generally reserved for which group of people?
Term
The British Crown had greater economic expectations and need than the spanish.
Definition
The Spanish differed from their British counterparts in ALL BUT WHICH of the following ways
Term
would go to hell
Definition
According to a sermon given by Anton de Montesinos on the island of Hispaniola in 1510, the Spaniards, because of their relationship with the Indians,
Term
were initially defeated
Definition
Most of the independence movements launched in 1810-1811
Term
Brazil's royalists were unhappy with independencies because it deprived them of a monarchy
Definition
Which of the following were NOT true?
Term
Morelos
Definition
All but which of the following was a leader of an independence movement in Latin America?
Term
the indigenous
Definition
Which of the following were NOT part of the power structure left ini place after independence?
Term
Military leader
Definition
Which corresponds most closely to D'Agostino's, Zagorski's, and Blake's use of the term "caudillo"?
Term
Spain
Definition
According to Blake, the most important events that triggered Latin America's independence movements took place primarily in what country?
Term
Political turmoil
Definition
The three decades following independence of the former Spanish colonies were characterized by what?
Term
Porfirio Diaz
Definition
One example of an "order and progress" dictator discussed by D' Agostino is who in Mexico?
Term
labor
Definition
Most Latin American political regimes were forced to choose either to try to incorporate or to brutally supress the growing ___ movements beginning in some places around the turn of the century, but becoming much more important in the 1930's.
Term
Paraguay
Definition
D'Agostino discusses examples of revolutionary change in several countries, which of the following is NOT one of the countries.
Term
Peru
Definition
The term autogolpe (self-coup) referring to an elected president closing the other branches of government and ruling as a dictator, sometimes with the support of the military, is most closely associated with which of the following countries in the 1990's.
Term
Cuba
Definition
Today, there has been a near-universal movement toward democratic civilian rule in Latin America, with ___ a significant exception to the trend
Term
bureaucratic authoritarianism
Definition
This term is associated with a new pattern of military involvement in politics that began in 1964 in Brazil and spread to Argentina, Chile, and other countries
Term
Early Professionalism
Definition
The phase of military involvement in politics known as ___ was marked by British, French, and German military missions to Latin America, "breakthrough" and "veto" coups, a technocratic mentality, and coups after which the military often quickly returned to its barracks.
Term
Costa Rica-Panama
Definition
According to Fraser, which of the following pairs of countries have NOT had major military conflict or boundary dispute?
Term
Cuba
Definition
Which of the following countries has NOT been invaded by the United States?
Term
interdependence
Definition
Which of the following is one of the three main theories of international relations discussed by Fraser?
Term
1933-1945
Definition
During which of the following periods did the United States shift its policy away from the interventionism associated with previous administrations?
Term
Chile and Mexico
Definition
Which two Latin American countries, sitting on the United Nations Security Council in 2003, refused to support the United States' rationale for invading Iraq?
Term
EZLN
Definition
Which is not the name of a major trade agreement, initiative, or group?
Term
U.S. military interventions
Definition
Which of the following has been much less of an important issue for Latin American international relations in the post-cold war period than it had been in previous periods?
Term
dependency
Definition
According to Blake, a major theory of economic development and international relations associated with Latin America in the 1960's and 1970's is known as ____ theory.
Term
FTAA
Definition
Which is NOT one of the IGO's and NGO's discussed in Blake in CH. 3?
Term
Early Imperialism
Definition
Blake names one 19th century doctrine and four distinct eras of US policy toward LA in the 20th century. Which of the following is NOT one of those named doctrines or periods?
Term
Encomiendas
Definition
What were land grants and allotments of Indian labor by the Spanish crown?
Term
Decreasing prices for exports relative to imports
Definition
The adoption of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) was motivated in part by?
Term
GNP/capita fell
Definition
During the so-called "lost decade" (the 1980's), ___ in most of Latin America.
Term
economic nationalism
Definition
Neoliberalism is most contrary to which of the following?
Term
Inequality
Definition
As measured by the Gini index, in Latin America within-country ___ is the highest in the world.
Term
Autogolpe (self-coup)
Definition
Which is most closely associated with Fujimori's ten-year presidency
Term
Spain
Definition
An important failure of a military coup in 1981 was in what country?
Term
clientelism
Definition
What is one of the three major economic policy approaches presented by Blake?
Term
ecclesiastical courts
Definition
Which is NOT one of the four major policy options for handling past human rights violations?
Term
binomial electoral system
Definition
Which of the following is NOT one of the main terms discussed by Blake in "The Quest for Governance?"
Term
A legislature in which opposition parties control a majority of seats
Definition
Beginning in 1997 and ocntinuing through 2006, the president in Mexico has experienced?
Term
2000
Definition
The year that was the closest presidential election in Mexican History?
Term
EZLN
Definition
The major guerilla group that took up arms among the indigenous people?
Term
arrested
Definition
Nine weeks after President Zedillo appointed General Gutierrez Rebollo to lead the fight against drug traffickers, General Gutierrez was?
Term
1970's
Definition
Beginning in the ___ when the concaine barons in Columbia began to contract with MExican traffickers to smuggle their product into the US, drugs began to generate hundreds of millions of dollars annually.
Term
Detained the entire police force
Definition
In June 2005, Mexican federal officers did what in the city of Nuevo Laredo?
Term
1995
Definition
Brazil's most recent transition from military to civilian rule took place in?
Term
Luis Inacio da Silva
Definition
Which of the following won the presidential elections of 2002 and 2006?
Term
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Definition
Which became famous for slashing inflation?
Term
legislature
Definition
Blake says that a central problem of governance of most recent Brazilian presidents has been gaining support from the ___?
Term
an absence of polarized political conflict
Definition
Two central features of contemporary Chile are a prolonged economic boom and...?
Term
inequality
Definition
Although Chile's economy grew steadily from 1984-2002, this growth did not reduce...?
Term
oligarchic democracy
Definition
Chilean politics during thee first six decades after independence took the form of a comparitively stable...?
Term
parliamentary
Definition
The 1891 Civil War led to the installation of a ____ republic.
Term
Chicago
Definition
The economic team that took over after the coup was known as the ___ boys.
Term
binomial electoral system
Definition
Which is an unusual characteristic of Chile's legislative system today, one not seen in either Mexico or Brazil (or indeed, in any other Latin American country)?
Term
Chilean courts prosecuted some generals for human rights abuses.
Definition
It is true
Term
Catholic Church
Definition
During most of the military dictatorship, the ___ was the only organization that could offer protection to the regime's victims and opponents.
Term
lost a plebiscite
Definition
Pinochet's time as Chile's president came to an end after he...?
Term
Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200
Definition
In 1982, a group of Venezuelan junior officers formed an organization within the military called the...
Term
Lord's Prayer
Definition
Praise for Chavez after the failed 1992 coup included a prayer to Chavez modeled on the...
Term
Democratic Action party/ (AD)
Definition
This party eon all of the elections during the trieno and went on to play a leading role in politics before the rise of Chavez.
Term
United States
Definition
In the wake of the 2002 atempted coup against a democratically elected government, which of the following was one of the only two countries in the americas to refuse to denounce the coup, expressing instead satisfaction with the ouster of the president of Venezuela?
Term
praetorianism
Definition
This term is used to refer to political systems in which the armed forces frequently influence government decisions through the use of threat of force.
Term
Dominican Republic
Definition
In what country did a presidential candidate try to win by calling his opponent an Haitian?
Term
cultural constructs
Definition
The Yelvington chapter argues that ethnic identities in Latin America are?
Term
criollos
Definition
A term used to refer to white-skinned Caucasions.
Term
Dominican, black
Definition
As a consequence of the ideology of hispanidad, which of the following pairs of terms are considered mutually exclusive categories?
Term
falls
Definition
Comparing Latin American countries, as the level of income inequality rises, support for democracy...
Term
rises
Definition
As the level of GDP per capita rises support for democracy...
Term
a stroke
Definition
The career as the leading drug trafficker in Mexico- Armado Carillo Fuentes, known as the "Lord of the Skies"- came to an end when he died after
Term
assassinated
Definition
In May 2008, Edgar Millan Gomez, Mexico's acting chief of police, was one of four of Mexico's top police officials to be...
Term
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
Definition
The kind of rule began in 1964 in Brazil
Term
presidential
Definition
Brazil currently has a presidential system of government
Term
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Definition
He resigned the presidency amidst a corruption scandal.
Term
The PT (Worker's Party)
Definition
This party won both the presidency and the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies in 2002
Term
Asian
Definition
Which crisis shook the Brazilian Economy in 1997-1998?
Term
appointed
Definition
Chile is the only country in Latin America in which- until March 2006- more than one fifth of the upper house of legislature consisted of ___ members.
Term
Radical
Definition
From 1925-1958, which of the following was the urban middle class, white collar party that was the kew power broker in the legislator?
Term
Augusto Pinochet
Definition
Who helped found the Chilean Socialist Party and ran for the presidency three times before winning in 1970?
Term
that her sister had been tortured by the regime
Definition
Rosenberg relates to another story told about a journalist who, thirteen years after the events, seemed to have forgotten...
Term
1947
Definition
The first democratic presidential and legislative elections in Venezuela took place in this year, during a three period known as the trienio.
Term
Saw discontent with economic performance and policy turned into major rioting, the caracazo, in1989.
Definition
What is true about Venezuela
Term
Chavez constitution eliminated mechanisms of direct democracy, such as referenda
Definition
Which of the following is not true of Venezuela since 2000?
Term
Trujillo
Definition
The name of the racist dictator who ordered the killing of tens of thousands of Haitian sugarcane workers.
Term
Brazil
Definition
Which country was first associated with the concept of democracia racial/ racial democracy?
Term
Mexico
Definition
Which country promoted the ideology of indigenismo and proclaimed mestizos to be the Raza Cosmica/Cosmic Race?
Term
Guatemala
Definition
According to the Yelvington chapter, "nowhere in contemporary Latin America is the persecution of Indians as profound and cruel as in ___, where more than 120,000 have been killed in what has been called the permanent counterinsurgency state
Term
Argentina
Definition
Nationalism in this country- the home of more than 200,000 Jews- has had a strong anti-Semitic dimension.
Term
hyperinflation
Definition
Which of the following is said to have contributed to building public support in LAtin American countries for market-oriented economic reforms?
Term
inequality
Definition
The most telling trend in Latin American economies from 1986 to 2006 is rising.
Term
Guatemala
Definition
In what country was a Bishop killed after the release of the Catholic Church's human right's report in 1998?
Term
Political corruption remains at consistently high levels
Definition
Which of the following is a trend observed in Latin America at the turn of the century?
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